reference

英 ['refrəns] 美 ['refrəns]

• n. 参考；参照；出处；推荐人；推荐函
• v. 注明出处；附参考资料

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C][U]提及,涉及

   (an example of) mentioning

2. [U]参考,查阅

   (an example of) looking at sth for information

3. [C]引文; 参考书目

   a piece of written information about sb's character, ability, etc. especially when they are looking for employment

4. [C]证明书; 证明人; 推荐信; 推荐人

   a person who provides such information

5. [U]关联,关系

   relation, correspondence (to)

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 参考
2. 查询，咨询
3. 委托
4. 关系，关联
5. 涉及，提到，说到，论到
6. 证明人，介绍人，推荐人
7. 证明书，介绍信，推荐信
8. 委托项目
9. 参考书，参考目录，附注
10. 引证，引文

v. 动词

1. 加注，附加注脚，注明出处
2. 给…列出参考书目，给…附参考资料
3. 提出…做参考，附（图表、资料）以供参考
4. 把…引作参考，引用，访问

英英释义

Noun:

1. a remark that calls attention to something or someone;

   "she made frequent mention of her promotion"
   "there was no mention of it"
   "the speaker made several references to his wife"
   

2. a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage;

   "the student's essay failed to list several important citations"
   "the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book"
   "the article includes mention of similar clinical cases"
   

3. an indicator that orients you generally;

   "it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved"
   

4. a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts;

   "he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic"
   

5. a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability;

   "requests for character references are all too often answered evasively"
   

6. the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to;

   "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
   

7. the act of referring or consulting;

   "reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer"
   

8. a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to;

   "he carried an armful of references back to his desk"
   "he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation"
   

9. (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored

10. the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to;

    "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
    

Verb:

1. refer to;

   "he referenced his colleagues' work"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. This book is for reference only.
   这本书仅供参考。
2. This frame of reference will be determined by the limitations on the rational man's knowledge.
   这个参照系统决定于理性人知识的限制。
3. Full reference citations are available on the readings page.
   全部参考资料的出处可以在阅读资料那页找到。
4. Can we contact your references?
   我可以与你的推荐人联系吗?
5. He has a good reference from his former employer.
   他有以前老板提供的一份很好的推荐书。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Paraphrasing is not direct quotation, but you still need to reference it.
   意译不是直接引用
2. Each chapter is referenced in minute detail.
   每一章后面都附有极为详尽的参考资料。
3. Each chapter is referenced, citing literature up to 1999.
   每一章都附有参考资料，引用文献截止到1999年。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. The play is full of references to the political events of those days.
   这剧本涉及当时的许多政治事件。
2. Avoid any reference to his illness.
   千万别提起他的病。
3. The author does not give references.
   作者没有注明参考文献的出处。
4. Does he has references from former employers?
   他有以前雇主写的推荐信吗?
5. The headmaster supplied him with a reference.
   校长给他提供证明人。

经典引文

• The gaoler would do what he'd been paid for without further reference to his employer.

  出自： L. Garfield

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

without reference to

不考虑…,置…于不顾not taking account of sb/sth

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• contain〔give, provide〕 a reference 包含〔提及,提供〕参考
• cross reference (同一书或文件中的)相互参照
• have a reference to 和…有关
• make a reference 提及

形容词+～

• constant〔further〕 reference 经常〔进一步〕查阅
• direct〔indirect〕 reference 直接〔间接〕提到
• future reference 将来参考
• good reference 很好的推荐信
• negative〔positive〕 reference 否定〔肯定〕(某人)的证明书
• passing reference 稍稍涉及
• excellent〔satisfactory〕 references 有力〔令人满意〕的证明书

介词+～

• for reference 作参考
• keep it for reference 备作参考
• in reference to that incident 关于那件事
• a frame of reference 参照标准,准则
• a list of references 参考书目
• load one's pages with references 旁征博引
• without reference to 不管,不论,与…无关
• without reference to age and sex 不论男女老少

～+介词

• reference to 说到,提到,参考,查看
• references to the opponents 提到对手
• reference to this point 提及这一点

词语用法

1. reference总是与介词to连用。

   All are admitted, without reference to age or sex.
   全面都是允许的，不参考年龄或性别。

2. 商业复信的开首常用With reference to your letter，应避免在一般通信里出现；
3. with reference to比in reference to更常见，都主要用在商业信函和公文里，少用于口语。这里的to是介词，所以With(In) reference to editing a school paper里，用editing不用edit。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

reference, deference, homage, honour

• 参见honour条。

近反义词

【近义词】

• mention 提到
• citation 引用
• quotation 语录
• allusion 暗指
• suggestion 建议
• testimonial 证明书
• indication 指示
• recommendation 推荐
• good word 好话; 好消息; 佳音...
• orientation 适应
• position 位置
• situation 形势
• location 位置
• locus 场所
• character reference 字符引用
• place 地方
• credit 信用
• illustration 说明
• instance 例子
• relation 关系
• bearing 轴承
• respect 尊敬
• regard 尊敬
• notice 注意
• specification 规格
• relevance 中肯
• concern 关心
• correlation 相互关系
• allegation 断言
• statement 陈述
• assignment 分配
• imputation 归罪
• affirmation 肯定
• evidence 证据
• witness 目击者
• endorsement 支持
• certification 证明
• attribution 【U】归因
• intimation 暗示
• implication 牵连
• blame 责备
• credential 国书
• connection 联系
• connotation 涵义
• dependence 依赖
• indicator 指示器
• direction 方向
• key 键
• thing 东西
• good 好的
• word 单词
• cite 引用
• source 来源
• denotation 指示
• reference point 参照点
• reference work 考证工作
• point of reference 参考点
• extension 延长
• reference book 参考书
• character 个性
• acknowledgment 承认
• consultation 咨询
• address 住址