spoil

英 [spɔɪl] 美 [spɔɪl]

• v. 宠坏；溺爱；破坏；腐坏；使索然无味
• n. 战利品；奖品

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. 变质

   become bad or unfit to be used

2. vt. 毁掉

   make (sth) useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin

3. vt. 溺爱

   harm the character by lack of discipline or too much generosity, attention, praise, etc.

n. (名词)

1. [U] [P] 〈正〉战利品,赃物

   things taken, especially by an army from a defeated enemy or by thieves

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 糟蹋，搞糟，损坏，弄坏
2. <古>抢劫，掠夺
3. 破坏，毁坏，毁掉
4. <俚>伤害，杀害，使完蛋
5. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱，娇惯
6. 善待，格外关照
7. 按捺不住想打架
8. 变坏，腐败，变质
9. 把放坏
10. 使扫兴

n. 名词

1. 掠夺物，战利品，赃物，猎物，猎获物，获得物
2. 次品，废品
3. 竞选胜利获得的好处，成功所带来的好处，权力地位的连带利益
4. <古>掠夺，抢劫
5. 废石方，弃土
6. 官位

英英释义

Noun:

1. (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war);

   "to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy"
   

2. the act of spoiling something by causing damage to it;

   "her spoiling my dress was deliberate"
   

3. the act of stripping and taking by force

Verb:

1. make a mess of, destroy or ruin;

   "I botched the dinner and we had to eat out"
   "the pianist screwed up the difficult passage in the second movement"
   

2. become unfit for consumption or use;

   "the meat must be eaten before it spoils"
   

3. alter from the original

4. treat with excessive indulgence;

   "grandparents often pamper the children"
   "Let's not mollycoddle our students!"
   

5. hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of;

   "What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge"
   "foil your opponent"
   

6. have a strong desire or urge to do something;

   "She is itching to start the project"
   "He is spoiling for a fight"
   

7. destroy and strip of its possession;

   "The soldiers raped the beautiful country"
   

8. make imperfect;

   "nothing marred her beauty"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. A fond mother may spoil her child.
   溺爱的母亲可能会宠坏她的孩子。
2. The child was spoilt by his grandfather.
   这个孩子被他的爷爷给惯坏了。
3. The children kept quarreling and spoiled our holiday.
   孩子们不断吵架，破坏了我们的假期。
4. He had spoiled the soup by putting in too much salt.
   他往汤里放盐太多，把汤给糟蹋了。
5. Meat will soon spoil in warm weather.
   天热肉会很快地变得腐坏的。

用作名词 (n.)

1. The invaders made spoil of all in their way.
   侵略者所到之处无不洗劫一空。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Some kinds of food soon spoil.
   有些食物易变质。
2. They ate the fish before it spoiled.
   他们没等鱼变坏就把它吃了。
3. Food spoils more quickly without preservatives.
   食物不加防腐剂会坏得更快。
4. Milk spoils if not refrigerated.
   牛奶不冷藏就会变坏。
5. The fruit has spoiled in the hot sun.
   水果在暴晒下变坏了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Try not to spoil any material.
   设法别糟蹋材料。
2. The heavy rain has spoilt the flowers in the park.
   这阵大雨把公园里的花全浇坏了。
3. Now I've spoilt this letter, it will have to be done all over again.
   我把这封信弄坏了,得重写一封。
4. If this drought continued, it would spoil everything.
   如果继续干旱下去,一切都完了。
5. That ink mark has spoilt your dress.
   那墨渍弄脏了你的连衣裙。
6. The rain spoiled our pleasure.
   雨扫了我们的兴。
7. The writer has spoiled an otherwise good story by striving after effects.
   这位作家由于拼命追求效果反而把一篇本来还不错的小说搞糟了。
8. His grandmother spoiled him.
   他的祖母把他宠坏了。
9. Spare the rod and spoil the child.
   孩子不打不成器。
10. He likes having a wife who spoils him.
    他喜欢有一位对他非常关心的太太。
11. This hotel advertises that it spoils its guests.
    该旅馆做广告说他们对顾客是有求必应。
12. They are financiers who spoiled widows of their money.
    他们是掠夺寡妇钱财的金融家。
13. The bandits spoiled the villagers of their food and clothes.
    土匪们抢走了村民们的食物和衣服。
1
14. The dinner was completely spoilt.
    这顿饭完全给破坏了。
15. The tourists were beautifully spoiled in Guilin.
    游客们在桂林被美丽的景致弄得目不暇接。
16. Tom is terribly spoiled.
    汤姆被宠得不成样子了。
17. You should send the child to a kindergarten; he is being spoilt at home.
    你们应把孩子送到幼儿园去,呆在家里就把他逐渐宠坏了。
18. There are so many lovely things I could wear tonight,I'm spoilt for choice.
    今晚我有非常多的好看的东西可以佩带,我真是受宠若惊,都无法决定选哪一件了。
19. The rich man was spoiled of his goods.
    这个有钱人的财物被抢走了。

其他

1. He is a spoilt child.
   他是个惯坏了的孩子。
2. Her husband behaves just like a spoilt child.
   她丈夫的行为像个宠坏了的孩子。

用作名词 (n.)

1. There is some spoils of war in his hands.
   在他的手里有些战利品。
2. The thief escaped with his spoils.
   这个小偷带着赃物逃走了。

经典引文

• Mighty Caesar..Seeks..the Spoils of War.

  出自： Dryden

• Their galleys..freighted with the spoils of the infidel.

  出自： W. H. Prescott

• The spoil comes to very little when..divided among a whole army.

  出自： A. Duggan

• They proceeded, by spoiling the country houses.., to make a quite luxurious provision.sssss W. C. Bryant

  出自： ssssG. Macdonald

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

spoil by (v.+prep.)

因…而毁坏; 因…而宠坏 make (sth) useless because of sth; harm the character of by sth
spoil sb/sth by sth/v-ing
The small boy spoilt the picture by smearing it with ink.

那孩子往画上抹墨水把画给毁了。
He spoilt the performance by speaking out of turn.

不该他说话时他说了话,结果把整个演出搞糟了。
We've had a wonderful day out; let's not spoil it now by having a quarrel.

今天我们出来玩得非常开心,现在别让争吵给破坏了。
He spoiled his son by giving him too much money.

由于他给孩子太多的钱惯坏了孩子。
The plan was quite spoilt by the rain.

计划完全被这场雨破坏了。
Our holidays were spoilt by the bad weather.

天气不好把我们的假日破坏了。
The picture on our TV is spoilt by interference from your vacuum cleaner.

我家电视机的图像由于你的吸尘器干扰而不清楚了。
My essay was spoilt by careless mistake.

我的作文给粗心大意弄糟了。
The truth is she is spoilt by her grandmother.

实际情况是她给她奶奶惯坏了。

spoil face〔beauty〕

毁损某人的容貌 ruin one's face
spoil one's face〔beauty〕
The murderer attempted to escape from law punishment by spoiling his own face.

那个杀人犯企图自毁容貌而逃脱法律的惩罚。
The young man who spoiled his girl friend's beauty with sulphuric acid was sentenced to death.

那个用硫酸毁损女朋友容貌的年轻人被判处死刑。

spoil for (v.+prep.)

一心想某事 be eager〔keen〕 for sth
spoil for sth
He's spoiling for an argument.

他存心想争吵。
It was obviously from his attitude that he was spoiling for a fight.

他摆出那副架势显然是憋足了劲要打架。
They have well-trained troops, who are spoiling for a fight.

他们有一支训练有素,求战心切的部队。
He spoils for learning.

他求学心切。

spoil with (v.+prep.)

用…破坏 make (sth) bad with sth
spoil sth with sth
She spoiled the soup with too much salt.

她盐放得太多,把汤糟蹋了。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• spoil sb's fun 使某人扫兴
• spoil a holiday 使假日过得不好
• spoil a plan 打乱计划
• spoil the pleasure 扫兴
• spoil a sheet of paper 糟蹋一张纸
• spoil a trip 破坏一次旅行

～+副词

• spoil disastrously 灾难性地毁坏
• spoil frightfully 宠得不成样子
• spoil hopelessly 糟糕地毁坏
• spoil sadly 悲惨地毁坏
• spoil sickeningly 令人难受地溺爱

～+介词

• spoil for 心想
• spoil for learning 求学心切
• spoil sb of sth 抢走了某人的某物

用作名词 (n.)

介词+～

• with the spoils 带着赃物

～+介词

• the spoils of war 战利品

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. spoil的基本意思是“变坏,腐烂”或“破坏,损坏”,使物体在外形、用途、力量、精力、价值等方面损坏,含有彻底损坏而不能补救的意味。引申可作“溺爱”“惯坏”解,强调过分骄纵而对性格、性情的损害,也可作“把事情搞糟”或“使人扫兴”解。
2. spoil还可作“抢劫; 强夺”解,过去式、过去分词只用spoiled。
3. spoil可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。
4. spoil后接介词by表示“因…而毁坏; 因…而宠坏”; be spoiling for的意思是“一心想,切望”。
5. spoil的过去分词spoilt可用作形容词,在句中作定语。
6. spoil的过去式和过去分词均可为spoilt或spoiled。

n. (名词)

1. spoil可作复数或不可数名词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

spoil, baby, humour, indulge, mollycoddle, pamper

• 这组词都可表示过分投合别人或自己的欲望或感情。其区别在于:indulge指迁就或放任别人应该节制的欲望或欲念,但不含有非难之意; baby指像对小孩一样听之任之; humour指短时间内顺从或迎合他人的愿望、心情或癖性; mollycoddle指对某人的健康或舒服过分照料,暗示有产生娇气的危险; pamper指极度地纵容,尤指过分注重享受; spoil指长时间的溺爱,暗示对一个人的个性产生了不良的影响。

spoil, damage, demolish, ruin

• 这组词都有“破坏,毁坏”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.damage一般指“部分的破坏”,通常作“损坏”解,意味着损坏后价值减少或作用减小,有时可用于借喻中。
• 2.demolish是正式用语,指由于巨大外力或急速、猛烈的动作而造成的破坏,其破坏力甚至达到粉碎的程度,往往只剩下一堆废墟或残骸。例如:
• Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.必须拆毁许多建筑物才能修建新公路。
• The car was demolished in a collision.汽车撞坏了。
• 3.ruin指把某件东西损害到不能再修理或使用的程度。现在多用于借喻中。例如:
• Your plans for a party will be ruined if you get sick.如果你病了,你的聚会计划就毁了。
• Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.蛀虫在很好的毛衣上咬了许多洞,把衣服给毁了。
• 4.spoil一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤,基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观,一般含有不可弥补的意味,作不及物动词用,表示(食物)变坏,腐烂变质等。例如:
• Too much pepper spoiled the soup she was making for supper.她在晚餐所做的汤里放了过多的胡椒,破坏了汤的味道。

spoil, harm

• 这组词的共同意思是“损害”。其区别在于:
• 1.harm常指肉体或精神受到“损伤”,也可指某事〔物〕受到“损害”或“损失”,带来烦恼及不便; 而spoil常指力量、价值等的降低或事物的最终毁灭,也可指日常生活中某事不顺利或碰钉子等。
• 2.harm语气较弱; 而spoil则语气较强。

spoiled, spoilt

• 这组词同为spoil的过去式和过去分词形式。spoiled表示的损害、伤害较轻微; 而用spoilt则表示彻底破坏; 当表示惯坏或宠坏时,两者所表达的意思一样; 表示抢劫时只用spoiled。

break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage，spoil

• 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。
• break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
• destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
• ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
• wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
• damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
• spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。

spoil，indulge

• 这两个动词均含“纵容，娇养”之意。
• spoil指纵容而造成对性情的扭曲。
• indulge指迁就或放任别人应该节制的欲望要求或感情。

近反义词

【近义词】

• ruin 毁灭
• decay (使)衰退
• rot 腐烂
• botch 拙笨地修补
• destroy 破坏
• impair 损害
• pamper 纵容
• mar 破坏
• damage 损害
• indulge 迁就
• blight 枯萎病
• upset 心烦的
• injure 伤害
• disfigure 使丑陋
• coddle 娇养
• baby 婴儿
• smear 涂抹
• murder 谋杀
• addle 使腐坏
• butcher 屠夫
• prey 牺牲者
• foil 钝头剑
• cater 提供饮食及服务...
• deform 使变形
• thwart 反对
• hurt 损害
• turn 翻转
• taint 污点
• muff 皮手筒
• cosset 宠爱
• humor 幽默
• rust 铁锈
• mess up 混乱
• go bad 变坏
• blemish 瑕疵
• blot 污点
• pander to 迎合
• make a fuss of 为 ... 大惊小怪...
• go rotten 腐败, 堕落
• putrefy 使腐烂
• mold 模式
• decompose 分解，拆分，拆解...
• plunder 掠夺
• pervert 误用
• booty 战利品
• loot 掠夺品
• pillage 掠夺
• prize 奖品
• demolish 拆毁
• spoiling 钢的碳化物分解变坏...
• bobble 失误
• bollix 弄槽
• screw up 拧紧
• deflower 使(女子)失去童贞...
• flub 做得不佳
• fuck up [美粗]搞糟
• baffle 困惑
• bilk 赖账
• violate 侵犯
• queer 古怪的
• bollocks 胡说
• cocker 西班牙长耳猎犬...
• spoliation 毁弃
• despoilation 抢劫
• cross 穿过
• featherbed 任闲职
• blow 打击
• scotch 伤口
• fluff 软毛
• bodge (劣质的)修补...
• despoliation 掠夺
• bumble 说话含糊
• spoilation 抢劫
• foul up 混乱(故障)
• itch 痒
• spoilage （食物）腐坏...
• despoilment 抢夺
• ball up 使混乱, 搞成一团糟, ...
• mishandle 粗暴对待
• louse up 破坏
• rape 强奸
• corrupt 腐败的
• frustrate 挫败
• despoil 夺取
• vitiate 使败坏
• muck up 弄脏
• fumble 摸索
• mollycoddle 溺爱
• bungle 拙劣地工作
• botch up 搞坏
• wreck 使…失事
• break 打碎