damage

英 ['dæmɪdʒ] 美 ['dæmɪdʒ]

• n. 损害；损失；毁坏
• vt. 损害；毁坏

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 损害,毁坏,加害于

   break or spoil; cause harm or injury to

n. (名词)

1. [U]损失,损害,损毁

   loss of value, attractiveness or usefulness caused by an event, accident, etc.

2. [P]损害赔偿金

   money paid or claimed as compensation for damage, loss or injury

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 损害，损失，破坏，损坏，伤害，损伤， 损毁，毁坏，糟蹋
2. 赔偿金，损害赔偿金
3. <口>费用，代价，花费，开支
4. 【律】 赔偿损失
5. 损害程度
6. 帐单的数目

v. 动词

1. 损害，伤害，损伤，挫伤
2. 毁坏，破坏，损坏，毁掉，腐损
3. 对...不利，加害于
4. 被损害，受损坏，破损

英英释义

Noun:

1. the occurrence of a change for the worse

2. loss of military equipment

3. the act of damaging something or someone

4. the amount of money needed to purchase something;

   "the price of gasoline"
   "he got his new car on excellent terms"
   "how much is the damage?"
   

5. any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right

Verb:

1. inflict damage upon;

   "The snow damaged the roof"
   "She damaged the car when she hit the tree"
   

2. suffer or be susceptible to damage;

   "These fine china cups damage easily"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The damage to the painting is the work of vandals.
   毁坏这幅画的事是恣意破坏公物的人干的。
2. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
   他们尽管了解这一切,还是让我赔偿损失。
3. The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.
   洪水毁坏了大量农作物。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Drinking and smoking can damage your health.
   饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
2. Be careful not to damage the priceless vase.
   当心别把那个贵重的花瓶打碎了。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. China damages easily.
   瓷器容易破损。
2. This cloth damages easily.
   这件衣服很容易坏。
3. Wool usually damages if washed in hot water.
   毛织物用热水洗一定会受损。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. You've damaged my bicycle.You shan't have it again.
   你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。
2. Hailstones damaged crops and even killed farm animals.
   冰雹毁坏了农作物,甚至打死了牲畜。
3. Last summer, a hailstorm damaged the ten mu of good land.
   去年夏天,一场雹子把那十亩好地全给损坏了。
4. A fire has damaged the school houses.
   一场大火毁坏了学校的房子 。
5. The bomb destroyed two buildings and damaged several others.
   炸弹炸毁了两幢建筑物,炸坏了另外几幢房屋。
6. Drinking and smoking can damage your health.
   饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。
7. They shot down or damaged about 10 enemy planes.
   他们击落击伤大约10架敌机。
8. He tried to use it to damage our international reputation.
   他企图利用此事来破坏我们的国际声誉。
9. Their failures in this area have damaged their self-confidence and creditability.
   他们在本领域的失败使他们的自信心和可信度受损。
1
10. This lock is damaged.This door will never open!
    这把锁坏了。门开不开了!
11. Many houses were damaged by the earthquake.
    许多房屋遭受了地震的损失。
12. If men breathed in the fine paint spray, their lungs would be damaged.
    如果人们吸入这种细微的漆雾,他们的肺部就会受到损伤。
13. Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness.
    久病使她的心脏受到一些损害。
14. The police acknowledged that three police vehicles were damaged.
    警方承认有三辆警车被毁。
15. His political reputation was damaged due to his illegal marriage.
    他的政治名誉由于他的非法婚姻而受到诋毁。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.
   自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
2. The damaged wire blew out the cooker.
   电线坏了,电饭锅不可使用了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Expecting him to pay for the damage which they had caused was simply adding insult to injury.
   指望他承担他们给他造成的损失,这简直是辱上加辱。
2. He is liable for all the damage done by his workers.
   他应为他的工人所造成的一切损失负责。
3. The Post Office is not liable for damage to a parcel sent by mail unless it is insured.
   邮局对于邮寄包裹,除已办保险者外,若有损失不负责任。
4. Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds.
   你把花坛损坏了,你父亲对此非常生气。
5. The cattle broke into the wheat field and did much damage.
   牛群闯进麦田,毁了不少庄稼。
6. Fortunately,the stormy waves caused trifling damage to the boat.
   幸好,风浪使船只受到的损坏较轻。
7. The unprecedented flood caused great damage to many places in the North.
   这空前的洪水,使北方许多地方遭受重大损失。
8. Someone who refuses to follow the order must be brought to heel before he does lasting damage.
   必须迫使拒绝那些遵循命令的人在造成不可挽回的损害之前就范。
9. The storm did a great deal of material damage.
   暴风雨造成了许多物资损坏。
10. In international custom, a nation that unilaterally breaks contracts must make good the damage.
    根据国际惯例,某国单方面撕毁合同必须赔偿损失。
11. He advanced a large claim for damages.
    他提出了一大笔赔偿要求。
12. The insurance company has paid us damages.
    保险公司已经把赔款付给了我们。

经典引文

• As moche to oure damage as to oure profit.

  出自： Chaucer

• Charlie didn't kill himself, after all,..didn't even damage much furniture.

  出自： A. Lurie

• They would like to disrupt us, damage morale and hurt us with the Americans.

  出自： G. Greene

• I feel strangely protective of little Martin here:..I would hate to damage him, or see him damaged.

  出自： M. Amis

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

damage for (v.+prep.)

(对…)造成损害 hurt sb/sth
damage for sb/sth
The incident has damaged for his reputation.

这次事件给他的名声造成损害。

用作名词 (n.)

what's the damage

某物要多少钱 what did〔does〕 sth cost

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• damage car 毁坏汽车
• damage cities 毁坏城市
• damage crop 使庄稼受到损害
• damage economy 对经济产生影响
• damage goods 毁坏商品
• damage house 毁坏房屋
• damage one's confidence 对某人的信心产生影响
• damage sb's appearance 毁了某人的面容
• damage sb's interests 损害某人的利益
• damage sb's property 损害某人的财产
• damage sb's prospects 毁坏某人的前程
• damage sb's reputation 毁坏某人的名誉
• damage the national economy 损害国民经济

～+副词

• damage badly 严重损害
• damage completely 完全损坏
• damage easily 容易损坏
• damage normally 正常损害
• damage partially 部分损害
• damage seriously 严重损害
• damage totally 全部损害
• damage usually 经常损害

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• cause damage 造成损失〔损害〕
• do damage to 损害
• guard against damage 预防遭受损害
• pay (for) damage 赔偿损失
• receive damage 受到〔遭到〕损失
• recover damage 弥补损失
• repair damage 弥补损失,修复被毁坏的部分
• suffer damage 遭受损害,蒙受损害
• work damage 造成损害

形容词+～

• great damage 很大损害
• heavy damage 严重的损失〔损伤〕
• lasting damage 永久的损失
• little damage 很小的损害
• much damage 很大损害
• serious damage 严重损害
• slight damage 轻微的损害
• total damage 全部损失

名词+～

• brain damage 脑损伤
• flood damage 水灾损失
• material damage 物质损坏
• one million dollars damage 一百万美元的损失
• war damage 战争造成的损失〔损害〕

介词+～

• with damage 有损害

～+介词

• damage from 由…引起的损失
• damage from a fire 因火灾而受到的损害
• damage from a flood 因水灾而受到的损害
• damage to car 汽车损坏
• damage to house 房子损坏

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. damage的基本意思是“损害,伤害”,主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等方面造成损害,一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地,可以用于有形物,也可以用于无形物,还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响。主要用作及物动词,可用于被动结构。
2. damage偶尔也可用作不及物动词,这时主动形式具有被动意义,表示“受到损害; 被损害”,常用来表述自然物的特性。
3. damage的过去分词damaged可用作形容词,在句中作定语。

n. (名词)

1. damage作“损坏,损失”解时,可指物质上的损害,也可指精神上的损害,是不可数名词,其前可加形容词表示程度。
2. damage不可用many修饰,只能用much, great, a lot of, a great deal of等修饰词。
3. damage用作可数名词表示“赔款,损害赔偿费”时,用复数形式。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

damage, demolish, ruin, spoil

• 这组词都有“破坏,毁坏”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.damage一般指“部分的破坏”,通常作“损坏”解,意味着损坏后价值减少或作用减小,有时可用于借喻中。
• 2.demolish是正式用语,指由于巨大外力或急速、猛烈的动作而造成的破坏,其破坏力甚至达到粉碎的程度,往往只剩下一堆废墟或残骸。例如:
• Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.必须拆毁许多建筑物才能修建新公路。
• The car was demolished in a collision.汽车撞坏了。
• 3.ruin指把某件东西损害到不能再修理或使用的程度。现在多用于借喻中。例如:
• Your plans for a party will be ruined if you get sick.如果你病了,你的聚会计划就毁了。
• Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.蛀虫在很好的毛衣上咬了许多洞,把衣服给毁了。
• 4.spoil一般指某物受到严重破坏或损伤,基本上失去原有的价值、用途、美观,一般含有不可弥补的意味,作不及物动词用,表示(食物)变坏,腐烂变质等。例如:
• Too much pepper spoiled the soup she was making for supper.她在晚餐所做的汤里放了过多的胡椒,破坏了汤的味道。

damage, destroy

• 这两个词的共同意思是“损坏”“破坏”。其区别是：
• 1.在程度上, destroy指十分彻底地破坏,而damage指并不彻底地破坏。
• 2.在后果上, destroy指不能或很难修复了,而damage指不能发挥正常作用了。
• 3.在对象上, destroy可接物,也可接人,而damage通常只用于非生物。
• 4.在造成破坏的原因上, destroy多指不可抵抗的外界力量,而damage则常指因人的过失。例如:
• Many lives were destroyed by the earth- quake.
• 这次地震造成许多人死亡。
• An explosion destroyed the engine.
• 一声爆炸把发动机毁坏了。

damage, harm, hurt, impair, injure, wound

• 这组词的共同意思是“损害,损伤”。impair表示损伤某人〔物〕而导致削弱、缩小或减少其使用价值,也可指情绪的损伤; damage表示损害了表面,损害了人或物的某个部分或使之完全失掉用途; harm表示人的心理、健康、权力或事业上的损害,程度较轻; hurt多用来表示伤害身体或某一部位,或表示剧烈的疼痛或精神上受到伤害; injure表示身体或精神上各种性质及任何程度的伤害,多表示意外受伤; wound主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦。

break，destroy，ruin，wreck，damage，spoil

• 这些动词均有“破坏，损坏”之意。
• break普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。
• destroy多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。
• ruin多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。
• wreck侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。
• damage多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。
• spoil强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可避免的毁灭。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 那是一场破坏性的地震。

   误 That is a damaged earthquake.

   正 That is a damaging earthquake.

   析 过去分词作定语时,含有被动意义, earthquake是不会“被破坏的”,所以须用damaging。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的damage；最初源自拉丁语的damnum，意为损失，损坏。

近反义词

【近义词】

• harm
• impair
• injure
• harm
• impairment
• injury

【反义词】

• fix
• improve
• rebuild
• repair