rub

英 [rʌb] 美 [rʌb]

• v. 擦；摩擦；搓；惹恼
• n. 困难；障碍；擦

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 擦; 搓; 揉

   move one thing backwards and forwards on the surface of (another)

2. vt. & vi. 接触; 摩擦

   come into, or be in, contact with, by a sliding or up and down movement

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 摩擦，擦，搓，磨
2. 擦破，擦痛
3. 磨损
4. 使人恼火
5. 摹拓
6. 使相擦
7. 揉，抚摩
8. 擦掉，揩拭
9. 把...摩擦得
10. 用...擦，擦上，涂上，抹，搽
11. 被擦掉（常与off，out等连用）
12. 触痛，惹怒
13. 接触

n. 名词

1. 困难，障碍，阻碍
2. 擦，磨擦
3. 磨损处；擦痛处
4. 疑难点，要点
5. 嘲讽，暗讽，讥刺，挖苦
6. 【滚木球戏】不平坦，崎岖
7. 球碰到障碍物滚歪
8. 伤害感情的东西
9. 磨（刀）石

英英释义

Noun:

1. an unforeseen obstacle

2. the act of rubbing or wiping;

   "he gave the hood a quick rub"
   

Verb:

1. move over something with pressure;

   "rub my hands"
   "rub oil into her skin"
   

2. cause friction;

   "my sweater scratches"
   

3. scrape or rub as if to relieve itching;

   "Don't scratch your insect bites!"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. I rubbed the window with a cloth.
   我用一块布擦窗子。
2. We may have to rub polish on the floor.
   我们可能得在地板上涂上光剂了。
3. He asked me to rub up the silver.
   他让我把银器擦一擦。
4. The wheel's rubbing on the mudguard.
   车轮蹭著了挡泥板。
5. It is an Eskimo custom to rub noses as a greeting.
   相互摩擦鼻子以示问候是爱斯基摩人的习俗。
6. He rubbed his hands to keep them warm.
   他揉搓着双手来取暖。
7. His laziness was beginning to rub me.
   他的懒惰开始激怒我了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. We need money badly, but there's the rub: no one will lend us any.
   我们急需要钱,但困难的是:谁也不会借钱给我们。
2. There lies the rub.
   障碍就在这。
3. Mum has given the spoons a good rub to make them clean.
   妈妈已经把这些匙擦干净了。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He bent over and rubbed his sore ankle.
   他弯下腰去揉搓发痛的脚踝。
2. My shoe is rubbed my heel.
   我的一只鞋子硌脚跟。
3. Rub this oil on your skin.
   把这油擦在皮肤上。
4. He was rubbing his hands all the time as if he was washing them, and smiling without stopping.
   他一直在搓着手,好像是在洗手,并且不停地笑。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. Rub your hair dry.
   把你的头发擦干。
2. Go and rub your hands dry.
   去把你的双手擦干。

经典引文

• The..cat..rubbed against her knees.

  出自： K. Mansfield

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

rub against (v.+prep.)

把…往上面蹭,沾上 slide with pressure against
rub against sth
The journal rubs against the bearing surface.

轴颈在轴承面上摩擦。
One part rubs against the other.

一部分与另一部分摩擦。 rub sth against sth
The dog rubbed its head against my legs.

那狗把它的头往我的腿上蹭。
You've rubbed your coat against some wet paint.

你把大衣沾上了未干的油漆。

rub along (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉关系融洽 have a reasonably good relationship (with sb)
rub along
He rubs along quite well.

他过得挺不错。
Jack was not so much interested in making money, so long as he could manage to rub along.

只要日子能过得去,杰克对挣钱并不那么感兴趣。 rub along (with sb)
He and his wife seem to rub along all right.

他和他的妻子似乎相处得挺不错。
I find it difficult to rub along with Paul, he is so unpredictable.

我觉得和保罗很不好相处,他这个人深不可测。

rub down (v.+adv.)

把…磨光滑 make smooth by rubbing
row sb/sth ⇔ down
Rub the wall down well before applying new paint.

在涂上新油漆之前,先将墙磨平。
Trainers rub down an athlete after hard exercise.

运动员强烈的训练之后,教练员为他按摩。

rub it in (v.+pron.+adv.)

〈非正〉反复提某人的过错、失败等 keep talking about sth that another person wants to forget

rub into (v.+prep.)

〈非正〉灌输 teach sth to sb by forceful repetition
rub sth into sth
Rub some of the cream into your skin to protect it from the sun.

在皮肤上擦些防晒霜,以防太阳晒。
Rubbing this special cream into the insect bite will help to take away the worst of the pain.

用这种特制油膏在虫子咬过的地方揉搓可以大大减轻痛苦。 rub into sb that/wh-clause
Parents often try to rub into their children how much they owe to them.

做父母的经常向孩子灌输父母对子女恩重如山。
I thought that by now I had been able to rub into you that you must ask permission first.

我原以为我已经反复向你讲清了做事情首先要得到许可。

rub off (v.+adv.)

(使)减色 (cause to) appear less bright, praiseworthy, etc.
rub sth ⇔ off
She couldn't rub off the blood stain on her blouse.

她没法将上衣的血渍擦掉。
The teacher rubbed the exercises off.

老师把练习擦掉了。 rub off
With the passing of time, some of the glitter of the achievement has rubbed off.

随着时间的流逝,这一光辉的成就已有所减色。 rub sth ⇔ off
The news of rigged ballots has rubbed off much of the shine of their election victory.

他们操纵选票的消息使他们在选举中获得的胜利大为减色。

rub off on (v.+adv.+prep.)

〈口〉因接触〔相处〕而对…产生影响 pass from one person to another as a result of close contact

rub on (v.+prep.)

与…摩擦 touch with sth
rub on sth
That door rubs on the floor.

那扇门与地板摩擦。

rub out (v.+adv.)

〈美口〉干掉,杀死 murder sb

rub through (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉勉强渡过,捱过 reach some kind of success without proper methods
rub through
There is a difficult time ahead, but we'll rub through somehow.

艰难的日子在后头,可是我们总能设法勉强对付过去。

rub together (v.+adv.)

互相摩擦 make two things touch each other repeatedly
rub sth together
This insect makes its strange noise by rubbing its back legs together.

这只昆虫摩擦它的两条后腿发出一种奇怪的声音。

rub up (v.+adv.)

擦亮; 重温 polish by rubbing; brush up
rub sth ⇔ up
She rubbed up the silver plates to a high gloss.

她把银盘擦得很亮。
I'll have to rub up my French before I go to Paris.

去巴黎之前,我必须温习法语。
Your English grammar needs to be rubbed up.

你的英语语法需要复习一下。

rub up against (v.+adv.+prep.)

偶然遇到 come into contact with sb by accident

rub with (v.+prep.)

用…反复擦 touch (sth) repeatedly and firmly with sth
rub sth with sth
She rubbed the window with a cloth.

她用一块布擦窗子。

rub shoulders with (v.+n.+prep.)

接触 live or work closely with sb
rub shoulders with sb
The more we rub shoulders with the workers, the more we come to appreciate their excellent qualities.

我们和工人接触越多,就越能体会到他们的优秀品质。
During those two terms at the boarding school, she rubbed shoulders with the rich.

那两个学期寄宿于学校,所以她与富人的子弟有了交往。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• rub briskly 轻快地搓
• rub incessantly 不停地摩擦
• rub injuriously 致伤地摩擦
• rub mechanically 机械地摩擦
• rub skillfully 熟练地揉
• rub along 勉强相处
• rub down a horse 把马梳洗得光滑
• rub down rough points 把粗糙的尖端擦光
• rub in 擦进表层
• rub off colour 使颜色显得暗淡
• rub off rust 擦掉铁锈
• rub sb out 把某人干掉
• rub through 勉强渡过
• rub together 互相摩擦

～+介词

• rub against 使…沾上
• rub sth into the skin 把某物擦进皮肤
• rub out of sth 擦某物
• rub with stone 用石块摩擦

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. rub的基本意思是“擦; 搓; 揉”。引申可作“摩擦”“接触”解。
2. rub可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。rub还可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. rub along的意思是“勉强地相处”; rub away 的意思是“擦去; 消除”; rub it in的意思是“触别人的痛处”; rub through的意思是“勉强渡过”; rub up against的意思是“偶然碰到”; rub up原意是“擦亮”,引申可表示“温习”; rub shoulders with sb 的意思是“亲切交往,接触(群众) ”。
4. rub的过去式和过去分词均为rubbed。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

rub, wipe

• 这两个动词都有“擦,拭”的意思,其区别简言之即是rub＞wipe,具体表现在于:
• 1.rub的含义除“擦,拭”外,还可表示“摩擦”。例如:
• He bent over and rubbed his sore ankle.他弯着身子按摩疼痛的脚踝。
• Trainers rub down an athlete after hard exercise.强化训练之后,教练员为运动员按摩。
• 2.rub一般说比wipe更用劲。例如:
• Please wipe up the spilt milk.请把溅出来的牛奶擦干净。
• I rubbed the rust from the old machine.我把旧机器上的锈擦掉。
• 3.rub的用具除布、纸等外,还可以用刷子。例如:
• She was rubbing her shoes with a brush.她正用刷子擦她的鞋子。
• 4.rub的目的除“干”“净”之外,还有“滑”“亮”。例如:
• She has rubbed up the plate.她把盘子擦亮了。

近反义词

【近义词】

• massage 按摩
• scrub 用力擦洗
• scour 擦洗
• buff 浅黄色
• stroke 中风
• wipe 擦
• chafe 擦痛
• polish 光泽
• brush 刷子
• clean 干净的
• caress 爱抚
• fondle 爱
• pat 轻拍
• knead 揉(面粉等)
• shine 照耀
• hurt 损害
• grit 砂砾
• irritate 激怒
• shave 刮
• burnish 磨光
• scrape 刮掉
• nose 鼻子
• embarrassment 困窘
• fray 恼火
• crossing 人行横道
• sponge 海绵
• abrade 擦伤
• graze 放牧
• scratch 抓
• hang-up <美俚>(尤指个人或感...
• hitch 猛拉
• itch 痒
• fret (使)烦恼
• snag (隐伏的)障碍...