irritate

英 ['ɪrɪteɪt] 美 ['ɪrɪteɪt]

• v. 激怒；使疼痛或发炎

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 使发怒；使急躁

   make angry or excite in an unpleasant way

2. vt. 使发炎；使疼痛

   cause discomfort to (part of the body); make sore

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 刺激，使兴奋
2. 激怒，使恼怒，使发怒
3. 使烦恼，使烦躁，使急躁
4. 起使人不愉快的影响，引起不快
5. 使难受，使疼痛，使不舒服，使发炎，使过敏
6. 激化
7. 【法律】使无效

英英释义

Verb:

1. cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations;

   "Mosquitoes buzzing in my ear really bothers me"
   "It irritates me that she never closes the door after she leaves"
   

2. excite to an abnormal condition, or chafe or inflame;

   "Aspirin irritates my stomach"
   

3. excite to some characteristic action or condition, such as motion, contraction, or nervous impulse, by the application of a stimulus;

   "irritate the glands of a leaf"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. His letter irritated me a little.
   他的信使我有点恼怒。
2. Don't irritate her, she's on a short fuse today.
   别惹她，她今天动不动就发火。
3. Wool irritates my skin.
   毛织物会使我的皮肤过敏。
4. Insect bites irritate your skin.
   虫子叮疼了你的皮肤。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～

1. It irritates and I want to scratch.
   那地方总觉得痒痒，我想挠一挠。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. That man really irritates me!
   那人真让我恼火！
2. Bob irritates me—he’s too clever by half!
   鲍勃让我恼火，他有点聪明过头了！
3. His words irritated me.
   他的话使我很生气。
4. The noise was beginning to irritate me intensely.
   噪音开始令我感到极为烦躁。。
5. After a while the noise began to visibly irritates her.
   过了一会儿，那噪音显然开始让他焦躁不安。
6. Her habit of tapping her fingers on the chair while she read the newspaper irritated him.
   她读报时用手指敲椅子的习惯弄恼了他。
7. The boy's foolish questions irritated his father.
   男孩提的那些傻乎乎的问题惹恼了他父亲。
8. His pointless questions irritated me.
   他那无意义的质疑令我恼怒。
9. Rudeness irritates me.
   别人的无礼对待使我生气。
10. His aggressive manner irritated her.
    他那放肆的态度把她激怒了。
11. His bright and breezy manner sometimes irritated people.
    他那春风得意的态度有时会让人发火。
12. The slowness of the traffic irritated a person in a hurry.
    车辆行驶得慢往往使有急事的人恼火。
13. It really irritates me the way he keeps repeating himself.
    他反复说同样的事真令我反感。
14. It irritated me to learn that she had been promoted.
    听说她提升了，我很生气。
15. The smoke irritated my throat.
    烟呛得我嗓子痛。
16. The smoke irritated her eyes.
    烟熏得她的眼睛很难受。
17. At first my contact lenses irritated my eyes.
    我刚开始带隐形眼镜时眼睛会发炎。
18. Rough material irritates the skin.
    粗糙的料子会使皮肤难受。
19. The stff collar's irritating my neck.
    这个硬领磨得我脖子不舒服。
20. These spots irritate.
    这些丘疹使我疼痛。
21. The November weather irritate my old wound.
    十一月的天气使我的旧伤疼痛。
1
22. She was really getting irritated.
    她真的急躁起来。
23. She was moody at times and easily irritated.
    她有时心情反复，容易发火。
24. She was deeply irritated at being thwarted.
    她为遭遇阻力而深感恼火。
25. He was irritated by a person.
    他为某人所激怒。
26. I was very much irritated by his bahavior.
    他的行为使我非常恼怒。
27. He was irritated by the delay.
    他被这一耽搁弄得很生气。
28. I was irritated by my son's endless questions.
    我为儿子没完没了的问题激怒了。
29. He was slightly irritated by her forgetfulness.
    她的健忘令他有些恼火。
30. Ringold was slightly irritated by Wright's interruption.
    莱特打断他的话，林格尔德有些不高兴。
31. I'm irritated that you should reject her like that.
    我为你那样拒绝她而生气。
32. A muscle contracts when it is irritated by an electric shock.
    肌肉受了电击的刺激便收缩。

经典引文

• These things irritated her so much that she could have boxed his ears.

  出自： J. C. Powys

• These domestic crises bored and irritated Wells.

  出自： V. Glendinning

• So boring, and actually sometimes irritating.

  出自： R. Ingalls

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. irritate的基本意思是“激”，用于人，可指“激怒”，即“使发怒；使急躁”，强调某事经常出现，直到把人惹恼；用于人体的器官，可指“刺激”，即“使发炎；使疼痛”。
2. irritate是及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语，可用于被动结构。irritate偶尔也用作不及物动词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

irritate, aggravate, exasperate,provok

• 这组次的共同意思是“激怒（某人）”，其区别在于：
• 1.从程度上说，irritate可以从不愉快、不舒心、瞬间的不耐烦直到勃然大怒，可用于各种程度；aggravate, exasperate,provoke三个词都用于强烈的愤怒。
• 2.从主体上说，irritate和provoke可以是人，也可以是事物；exasperate多为事物；而aggravate则多为持久或反复的行动。
• 3.从结果上说，irritate之怒常表露在外；exasperate多为内心深深的苦恼；而provoke则常刺激得某人采取某行动。
• 例如：
• It was transparent that she was irritated.显然她是生气了。
• Constant interruption of his work exasperated him. 不断地打断他的工作使他非常恼火。
• Oppression provoked the people to rebellion. 压迫引起人民反抗。
• He aggravates the beyond endurance. 他使她怒不可遏。

bother，disturb，trouble，annoy，irritate，vex

• 这些动词均有“使人不安或烦恼”之意。
• bother指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
• disturb较正式用词，多用被动态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
• trouble指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
• annoy强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打扰或恼怒。
• irritate语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。
• vex侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼，有时含激怒的意味。

provoke，irritate，aggravate

• 这些动词均含“激怒”之意。
• provoke指挑衅。
• irritate指因受到不愉快的刺激而烦燥。
• aggravate口语用词。指因长时间的反复言行而引起不快。

词源解说

• ☆ 1530年左右进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的irritatus，意为激动，激怒。

近反义词

【近义词】

• aggravate
• angry
• bed-tempered
• easily annoyed
• edgy
• fractious
• grumpy
• ill-tempered
• impatient
• irascible
• make sore
• over-sensitive
• prickly
• provoke
• querulous
• short-tempered
• vex

【反义词】

• delight
• ease
• even-tempered
• gratify
• please
• soothe