contend

英 [kən'tend] 美 [kən'tend]

• v. 竞争；争斗；争辩；坚决主张

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. 争论

   argue

2. vt. 硬说

   assert

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 搏斗，奋斗，战斗，争斗
2. 全力对付，对付困境，处理问题
3. 争辩，争论，辩论，力辩
4. 相周旋，抵抗
5. 声称，（坚决）主张，认为，宣称，断言，坚信（...为事实）
6. 角逐，争夺，竞争，（为...）斗争，展开斗争，争

英英释义

Verb:

1. maintain or assert;

   "He contended that Communism had no future"
   

2. have an argument about something

3. to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation;

   "They contested the outcome of the race"
   

4. come to terms with;

   "We got by on just a gallon of gas"
   "They made do on half a loaf of bread every day"
   

5. compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

6. be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight;

   "the tribesmen fought each other"
   "Siblings are always fighting"
   "Militant groups are contending for control of the country"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. Three armed groups were contending for power.
   三个武装集团在争夺权力。
2. John has to contend with great difficulties.
   约翰得与那些艰难困苦作斗争。
3. They have to contend against drought every year.
   他们每年都得与干旱做斗争。
4. But the potential is simply too significant, the experts contend.
   但是专家们主张，潜力是非常重要的。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+that-clause

1. We contended that every college student must have a command of a foreign language.
   我们坚持认为每位大学生必须掌握一门外语。
2. Columbus contended that the earth was round.
   哥伦布坚信地球是圆的。
3. The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe.
   警方争辩说他们碰到的困难太大。
4. He contended that there must be life on Mars.
   他坚信火星上面一定有生物。

经典引文

• Nature and fortune..seem to have contended which should enrich him most.

  出自： Henry Fielding

• The pulling and pushing of interested groups contending for the assistance of the sovereign power.

  出自： W. Lippmann

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

contend about (v.+prep.)

为获得…而争吵 quarrel about (usually sth) which both parties wish to possess
contend about sth
Sisters contended about silly trifles.

姐妹们为鸡毛蒜皮的小事而争吵。
The two nations have been contending about the rights to deep-sea fishing in their waters.

这两个国家一直为他们在水域中的深水捕鱼权问题争吵不休。

contend against (v.+prep.)

与(天气等)抗争 struggle against (sth) with hope of success

contend for (v.+prep.)

为获得…而竞争 try to win (sth such as a prize or trade) in competition with others
contend for sth
Three students contended for the prize.

三名学生竞争这个奖品。

contend over (v.+prep.)

争夺(某人或某物) quarrel about (usually sth) which both parties wish to possess
contend over sb/sth
When a marriage ends, the former husband and wife often contend over the children.

夫妇双方在离婚后,往往会争夺子女。
The fairy king and queen were contending over possession of the beautiful boy.

仙王和仙后争着要占有这个英俊的孩子。

contend with (v.+prep.)

与(某事物)抗争; 苦于应付 struggle against (sth); suffer from dealing with

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• contend boldly 勇敢地斗争
• contend forcefully 强有力地斗争
• contend narrowly 勉强地斗争
• contend rightly 正确地断言
• contend steadfastly 坚定地斗争
• contend stubbornly 顽固地斗争

～+介词

• contend about silly trifles 为鸡毛蒜皮的小事而争吵
• contend against a disease 同疾病作斗争
• contend against the falsehood 论证虚假不实的坏处
• contend against one's fate 为自己的命运斗争
• contend against large international companies 与国际性的大公司竞争
• contend against nature 同大自然作斗争
• contend against an opponent 同敌人斗争
• contend for control of the sea 争夺制海权
• contend for the faith 为信仰而斗争
• contend for nuclear superiority 争夺核优势
• contend for a prize 争夺奖品
• contend for spheres of influence 争夺势力范围
• contend over the children 为孩子问题发生争执
• contend with 应付
• contend with one's creditor 应付债主
• contend with each other for hegemony 互相争霸
• contend with an embarrassing situation 应付尴尬的局面
• contend with a problem 处理一个问题

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. contend的基本意思是非敌意、平等地“争”,其对手一般是人而不是物,其手段是“文争”而不是“武斗”,其性质仅限于竞争而不是敌意,其目的仅限于制服而不是打败。本词强调为取胜而付出艰苦努力的必要性及紧张程度,引申可表示“声称”“主张”。
2. contend作“竞争”解时是不及物动词,接介词about或over表示“为…争吵或争夺”; 接介词against表示“与…斗争或竞争”; 接介词for表示“为获得…而竞争”; 接介词with表示“应付,对付”。
3. contend作“声称”“主张”解时是及物动词,接that从句作宾语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

contend, compete, contest

• 这组词的共同意思是“争论,竞争”。其区别在于:
• compete指在体育或辩论等需竞争的活动中,为征服或取胜而进行的努力,有时暗示在奖赏的鼓励或刺激下进行竞争; 而contend暗示竞争的紧张程度，通常指双方成功的机会相等,所以,为取胜或征服对方,就需要艰苦的努力,强调奋斗或斗争的必要性; contest则指在竞争中毫无保留地展示自己,比如在总统竞选中,双方尽力展示自己的优势,以战胜对方。

contend, cope, fight

• 这组词的共同意思是“争斗”。其区别在于:
• 1.contend表示与某人对峙或对立的争斗,侧重指压倒对方的欲望或所作出的努力; cope指均等之势的抗衡、对抗,也可指面临灾难、困难或变故等; fight指精神方面的战斗及用拳头或用武器进行打斗,强调体力和勇气。
• 2.contend和cope多用作不及物动词,后常接介词with; 而fight除可用作动词外,也可用作名词。

compete，contend，contest，rival

• 这些动词均可表示“竞争”之意。
• compete普通用词，含义广泛。既可指体育活动等活动中争取优胜的相互竞争，也可指为了自己的利益与他人竞争。
• contend指为战胜或击败对手进行不懈努力，强调拼搏。也可指口头上进行有对立情绪或严重分歧的争论。
• contest指为争夺土地、阵地、权力或荣誉等而展开的竞争。
• rival指在两方或多方的竞争或比赛中，谁都想战胜或比得上对手。

近反义词

【近义词】

• struggle 努力
• argue 说服
• compete 竞争
• cope 应付
• resist 抵制
• oppose 反对
• deal with 讨论
• put up with 忍受
• vie 竞争
• assert 断言
• insist 坚持
• maintain 维持
• state 情形
• declare 宣布（声明）...
• challenge 挑战
• run 跑
• fight 战斗
• quarrel 吵架
• debate 辩论
• strive 奋斗
• play 玩
• differ 不同
• tussle 扭打
• duel 决斗
• profess 声称
• jangle 发出刺耳声
• contest 竞赛
• wrangle 争论
• postulate 假定
• rival 竞争者
• deal 协定
• make do 凑合着用, 将就...
• fence 栅栏
• repugn 反对
• grapple 抓住
• get by 通过
• manage 管理
• make out 起草