run

英 [rʌn] 美 [rʌn]

• v. 跑；行驶；运转；运营；持续；蔓延；传播；竞选；遭遇；熔化；褪色；流
• n. 路程；奔跑；趋向
• adj. 熔化的；浇铸的；洄游的

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 跑

   move fast on foot

2. vt. & vi. 移动

   move or travel in some other way

3. vt. & vi. (使)流动

   (cause to) flow

4. vt. & vi. 操纵; 管理

   operate or be in charge of

5. vi. 延伸,延续

   continue in a particular direction or state

n. (名词)

1. [C]跑,奔跑

   act or period of running on foot

2. [U][C]旅行,旅程

   instance or period of travelling by car, train, etc.

3. [C]行驶路线

   route taken by vehicles, ships, etc.

4. [C]持续的演出,一连串事件

   series of performances, a continuous set of similar events

5. [C]时期,一段时间

   period or succession; spell

6. [U][C]趋势,趋向

   tendency or trend of sth

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 跑，奔，赛跑
2. 达到
3. 持续
4. 赶紧，赶去
5. 淌，流，使流
6. (墨水等)渗开
7. 开动
8. 冲过
9. 使撞
10. 刊登
11. 进行
12. 偶然遇见
13. 快速阅读
14. 竞赛，竞选
15. 滴
16. 逃走，逃跑
17. 变，变得
18. 蔓延，传播
19. 使跑，使奔
20. 参加，同...比赛 ，使比赛
21. 驾驶，开
22. 使处
23. 冒
24. 使穿过， 刺
25. 运转，行驶
26. 开始（比赛），使（比赛）开始
27. 迅速赶往，匆忙跑（到另一处）
28. 管理，经营

n. 名词

1. 跑，奔跑
2. 航程，路程
3. 旅行
4. 挤兑
5. 畅销
6. 争购
7. 趋势，动向
8. 连续， 一连串
9. 类型
10. 运转
11. 走向
12. 路线
13. 使用的自由
14. 兜风
15. 班次
16. 连续的演出
17. 饲养场；<澳>牧场

adj. 形容词

1. 熔化的，液化的
2. 走私的，偷运的
3. 刚出海的
4. 刚捉上来的（鱼）
5. 榨取的
6. 铸的，浇铸的
7. 洄游的
8. 提取的，抽出的

英英释义

Noun:

1. a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely;

   "the Yankees scored 3 runs in the bottom of the 9th"
   "their first tally came in the 3rd inning"
   

2. the act of testing something;

   "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"
   "he called each flip of the coin a new trial"
   

3. a race run on foot;

   "she broke the record for the half-mile run"
   

4. an unbroken series of events;

   "had a streak of bad luck"
   "Nicklaus had a run of birdies"
   

5. (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team;

   "the defensive line braced to stop the run"
   "the coach put great emphasis on running"
   

6. a regular trip;

   "the ship made its run in record time"
   

7. the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace;

   "he broke into a run"
   "his daily run keeps him fit"
   

8. the continuous period of time during which something (a machine or a factory) operates or continues in operation;

   "the assembly line was on a 12-hour run"
   

9. unrestricted freedom to use;

   "he has the run of the house"
   

10. the production achieved during a continuous period of operation (of a machine or factory etc.);

    "a daily run of 100,000 gallons of paint"
    

11. a small stream

12. a race between candidates for elective office;

    "I managed his campaign for governor"
    "he is raising money for a Senate run"
    

13. a row of unravelled stitches;

    "she got a run in her stocking"
    

14. the pouring forth of a fluid

15. an unbroken chronological sequence;

    "the play had a long run on Broadway"
    "the team enjoyed a brief run of victories"
    

16. a short trip;

    "take a run into town"
    

Verb:

1. move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time;

   "Don't run--you'll be out of breath"
   "The children ran to the store"
   

2. flee; take to one's heels; cut and run;

   "If you see this man, run!"
   "The burglars escaped before the police showed up"
   

3. stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point;

   "Service runs all the way to Cranbury"
   "His knowledge doesn't go very far"
   "My memory extends back to my fourth year of life"
   "The facts extend beyond a consideration of her personal assets"
   

4. direct or control; projects, businesses, etc.;

   "She is running a relief operation in the Sudan"
   

5. have a particular form;

   "the story or argument runs as follows"
   "as the saying goes..."
   

6. move along, of liquids;

   "Water flowed into the cave"
   "the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi"
   

7. perform as expected when applied;

   "The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in"
   "Does this old car still run well?"
   "This old radio doesn't work anymore"
   

8. change or be different within limits;

   "Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion"
   "Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent"
   "The instruments ranged from tuba to cymbals"
   "My students range from very bright to dull"
   

9. run, stand, or compete for an office or a position;

   "Who's running for treasurer this year?"
   

10. cause to emit recorded audio or video;

    "They ran the tapes over and over again"
    "I'll play you my favorite record"
    "He never tires of playing that video"
    

11. move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way;

    "who are these people running around in the building?"
    "She runs around telling everyone of her troubles"
    "let the dogs run free"
    

12. have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined;

    "She tends to be nervous before her lectures"
    "These dresses run small"
    "He inclined to corpulence"
    

13. be operating, running or functioning;

    "The car is still running--turn it off!"
    

14. change from one state to another;

    "run amok"
    "run rogue"
    "run riot"
    

15. cause to perform;

    "run a subject"
    "run a process"
    

16. be affected by; be subjected to;

    "run a temperature"
    "run a risk"
    

17. continue to exist;

    "These stories die hard"
    "The legend of Elvis endures"
    

18. occur persistently;

    "Musical talent runs in the family"
    

19. carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine;

    "Run the dishwasher"
    "run a new program on the Mac"
    "the computer executed the instruction"
    

20. include as the content; broadcast or publicize;

    "We ran the ad three times"
    "This paper carries a restaurant review"
    "All major networks carried the press conference"
    

21. carry out;

    "run an errand"
    

22. pass over, across, or through;

    "He ran his eyes over her body"
    "She ran her fingers along the carved figurine"
    "He drew her hair through his fingers"
    

23. cause something to pass or lead somewhere;

    "Run the wire behind the cabinet"
    

24. make without a miss

25. deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor

26. cause an animal to move fast;

    "run the dogs"
    

27. be diffused;

    "These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run"
    

28. sail before the wind

29. cover by running; run a certain distance;

    "She ran 10 miles that day"
    

30. extend or continue for a certain period of time;

    "The film runs 5 hours"
    

31. set animals loose to graze

32. keep company;

    "the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring"
    

33. run with the ball; in such sports as football

34. travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means;

    "Run to the store!"
    "She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there"
    

35. travel a route regularly;

    "Ships ply the waters near the coast"
    

36. pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals);

    "Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland"
    "The dogs are running deer"
    "The Duke hunted in these woods"
    

37. compete in a race;

    "he is running the Marathon this year"
    "let's race and see who gets there first"
    

38. progress by being changed;

    "The speech has to go through several more drafts"
    "run through your presentation before the meeting"
    

39. reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating;

    "melt butter"
    "melt down gold"
    "The wax melted in the sun"
    

40. come unraveled or undone as if by snagging;

    "Her nylons were running"
    

41. become undone;

    "the sweater unraveled"
    

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. The little boy ran off to get his brother.
   这个小男孩跑去找他的哥哥。
2. We ran into port for supplies.
   我们驶进港口装补给品.
3. I can't make this machine run properly.
   我无法使这部机器正常运转。
4. He has no idea of how to run a business.
   他不知如何经商。
5. This is unsustainable, in the long run.
   从长期来看，这是不可持续的。
6. The monsoon will run to the end of the next month.
   雨季会持续到下个月底。
7. Vines run over the ground.
   藤蔓爬满地面。
8. The disease does tend to run in families.
   这种疾病往往在家庭之间快速传播。
9. Although this approach will probably be effective in the long run, it is unlikely to impact disease transmission in the near future.
   这种方法虽然从长远来看大概会是有效的，但对近期内疾病的传播可能影响不大。
10. He declared his intention to run for office.
    他宣布了自己参加竞选的想法。
11. We had the misfortune to run into a violent storm.
    我们不幸遭遇了猛烈的暴风雨。
12. Tears run down her cheeks as she tells us about her suffering.
    她给我们讲她的苦难遭遇时，眼泪顺着面颊流了下来。
13. The molten metal was run into a mould.
    熔化的金属被倒进模内。
14. Some colours run quickly in the sun.
    有些颜色在阳光下很快就褪色了。
15. If one idles away his time, youth will fade away and life will run out him.
    谁虚度年华，青春就要褪色，生命就会抛弃他。
16. I had a bad headache and my nose ran a lot.
    我头痛得很厉害,而且我的鼻涕很多。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Father, please guide them to run for the course of eternal immutability.
   天父啊，请您引领他们朝向永恒不变的路程奔跑。
2. He started off at a run but soon tired and slowed to a walk.
   他跑步出发，但很快就累得慢下来成了步行。
3. In the process of explicating this analysis, he had utility dominant in the short run and cost of production in the long run.
   价格，或市场交换价值，一般是在需求和供应，但以价值计算的理论阐释追求一直是执政的最终价格原则上搜寻，以价值，为的是价格必须从根本上趋向。
4. Individuals with this style tend to be very broad in their outwork and look at many alternatives.They focus on the long run.
   具有这种风格的人趋向于具有广泛的看法和愿意考察更多的选择，他们关注决策的长期结果。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The molten metal was run into a mould.
   熔化的金属被倒进模内。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Rabbits run fast.
   兔子跑得快。
2. I used to run when I was in the middle school.
   我在中学的时候常常跑步。
3. I don't run as fast as you.
   我跑得没你快。
4. He cannot run because he has a weak heart.
   他有心脏病,不能跑。
5. He ran home in tears to his mother.
   他流着泪跑回家去找妈妈。
6. They turned and ran when they saw he had a gun.
   他们看见他有枪,转身就跑。
7. He dropped his gun and ran.
   他把枪丢下逃跑了。
8. She ran to meet us.
   她跑来接我们。
9. When we heard that he was in trouble, we ran to help him.
   听说他遇到麻烦,我们跑去帮助他。
10. Run get the key for me.
    赶快把钥匙给我拿来。
11. Ade will be running tonight.
    艾德今晚参加赛跑。
12. Some of these old cars are still running.
    有些这样的老车仍在行驶。
13. The trains don't run on Sundays.
    火车星期天不开。
14. Buses to Oxford run every half an hour.
    去牛津的公共汽车每半小时开一班。
15. Don't touch the engine while it's running.
    发动机运转的时候不要去碰它。
16. The machine runs by electricity.
    这台机器靠电力运转。
17. The engine is running properly.
    发动机运转情况良好。
18. Your new car seems to run very nicely.
    你的新汽车开起来还很不错。
19. The programme is running smoothly.
    节目进行得很顺利。
20. Despite the shortage of drugs and trained staff, they managed to keep the hospital running.
    尽管缺少药品和受过训练的医务人员,他们还是保证了医院的正常运转。
21. The new computer has arrived but it won't be up and running until next week.
    新买的计算机已经到了,但要到下个星期才能完全投入使用。
22. Have you left the bath running?
    你忘了关浴缸的水龙头了吗?
23. The baby's nose is running.
    这个婴儿流鼻涕了。
24. The butter will run if you put it near the fire.
    如果你把黄油放在靠近炉子的地方它会融化的。
25. The wax began to run.
    蜡烛开始融化了。
26. I'm afraid the colours ran when I washed this shirt.
    看来这件衬衫洗的时候掉色了。
27. I cannot remember how the rest of Hamlet's speech runs.
    我记不清哈姆雷特接下来的话是怎么说的了。

S+～+ n -A

1. I run five miles every day.
   我每天跑五英里。
2. Who was the first man to run a mile in under four minutes?
   谁第一个在4分钟以内跑完了一英里?

用作系动词

S+～+ adj.

1. The water ran cold when I turned the tap on.
   我把水龙头打开,水就凉了。
2. That old woman's food has run short.
   那位老妇人的粮食已经吃完了。
3. The well here has run dry.
   这口井已经干涸了。
4. The tide was running strong.
   潮水涨得很猛。
5. The sea runs high at the sunset.
   太阳落山时,海水涨潮。
6. They ran short of gasoline.
   他们的汽油不够了。
7. That guy's blood ran cold at last.
   那个家伙终于提不起劲头来了。
8. During the election, feelings ran high.
   选举期间,群情激昂。
9. Matters ran smoother than expected.
   情况比料想的顺利。
10. Who ran third?
    谁跑了第三名?
11. The horse ran second.
    那匹马跑了第二名。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The children ran races in the park.
   孩子们在公园里赛跑。
2. He ran a race with me.
   他与我赛跑。
3. We won't run this horse in any more races this season.
   我们不打算让这匹马在这个赛季内参加更多的比赛。
4. Cram ran a fine race to take the gold medal.
   克拉姆在赛跑中成绩突出夺得金牌。
5. Run the water until it gets hot.
   放水,直到热了为止。
6. London Transport runs extra trains during the rush hours.
   伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时增开加班列车。
7. They have all learned to run modern farm machines.
   他们都学会开现代农业机械了。
8. Can you just run the projector to check that it's working?
   你能不能开一下放映机,看看它是不是好的?
9. Teach me how to run the business.
   教教我如何经营这个企业。
10. Mr. Smith runs a grocery shop.
    史密斯先生经营一家杂货店。
11. Who's running this company?
    谁经营这家公司?
12. They ran the nurseries extremely well.
    他们把托儿所办得很好。
13. Don't try and run my life!
    不要试图主宰我的生活!
14. The little boy can run his own life now.
    现在那个小男孩能管理自己的生活了。
1
15. The car race will be run at Monte Carlo next month.
    汽车赛将于下个月在蒙特卡洛举行。
16. The Grand National Race will be run in spite of the bad weather.
    尽管天气不好,一年一度的全国大赛仍将举行。
17. A rope is run between two posts.
    两柱间系着一根绳子。
18. Cheap trains will be run on Saturdays.
    星期六增开的列车票价便宜。
19. The school is run by a young headmaster.
    学校由年轻校长管理。

S+～+that-clause

1. The story runs that she poisoned her husband.
   据报道说,她把丈夫毒死了。
2. The story runs that they have been secretly married for months.
   传说他们秘密结婚已有几个月了。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. Please run me a nice hot bath.
   请帮我放热水,让我好好洗个澡。

S+～+ n./pron. +to+ pron./n.

1. They're running a special train to the football match.
   他们为这场足球比赛安排了一列专车。

S+～+ n./pron. +for+ pron./n.

1. Stop trying to run my life for me!
   我的生活用不着你来管。
2. The college runs summer courses for foreign learners of English.
   这所学院为学习英语的外国人开设了暑期班。

其他

v -ing as Attrib.

1. There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.
   伦敦和布莱顿之间火车班次很多。

用作名词 (n.)

1. She usually goes for a run before breakfast.
   她常常在早饭前去跑步。
2. A cross-country run is a run across the fields.
   越野赛跑是一种穿越山野的赛跑。
3. Oxford to London is about an hour's run by train.
   从牛津到伦敦乘火车大约有一小时行程。
4. The train makes a run of one hundred miles in two hours.
   这列火车两小时行驶100英里的路程。
5. The boat operates on the Dover-Calais run.
   这艘船航行的是多佛—加莱航线。
6. The boat was taken off its usual run.
   那船驶出其寻常的航线。
7. The play had a good run of six months.
   那出戏演了6个月。
8. It's just finished its West End run.
   在伦敦西区的长期演出刚刚结束。
9. I've had a run of bad luck recently.
   我最近碰到了一连串倒霉的事。
10. This policy has had a run of success in Africa.
    这项政策已在非洲取得一连串的成功。
11. We've enjoyed an exceptional run of fine weather recently.
    我们这里最近天气好极了。
12. After 40 minutes Spurs scored, against the run of play.
    斯伯尔斯队每况愈下,40分钟后却得了分。
13. The run of the cards favoured me.
    我起到的牌非常好。
14. Let's go for a run in the car.
    咱们开车去兜兜风。
15. She's different from the general run of students.
    她和普通的学生不一样。
16. There's been a big run on ice cream during this hot weather.
    这热天气使市面上对冰淇淋的需求量大增。
17. The run on the pound forced the government to act.
    对英镑的挤兑迫使政府采取行动。
18. England scored 301 runs.
    英格兰队得了301分。

经典引文

• Mr. Pickwick..took two or three short runs..and went slowly and gravely down the slide.

  出自： Dickens

• The spring salmon run is the most important.

  出自：Trout Salmon

• He ran faster now, sweating and panting.

  出自： R. C. Hutchinson

• Running fast on long..legs across the..playground.

  出自： G. Greene

• Carley turned..and ran out of the flat.

  出自： I. Colegate

• The train was puffing into the station; they had to run to catch it.

  出自： M. Wesley

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

run about (v.+adv.)

跑来跑去 run here and there
run about
Put your coat on, or you'll catch cold running about.

快把外套穿上,不然你到处乱跑会感冒的。

run across¹ (v.+adv.)

〈主英〉开车送 give a ride to sb
run sb ⇔ across
Don't wait for the bus in this cold weather; I'll get the car and run you across to your mother's.

这么冷的天气别等公共汽车了,我开车送你到你母亲那里去。

run across² (v.+prep.)

非法地运送… bring or take sth into a country illegally and secretly; smuggle
run across sb/sth
I ran across her in the public library yesterday.

我昨天在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她。
I ran across my old friend Jail in Paris last week.

上星期,我在巴黎遇见老友杰尔。
I ran across a beautiful poem in this book.

我在此书中偶然发现了一首好诗。 run sth across sth
He used to run guns across the border.

他过去经常偷运枪支出境。

run after (v.+prep.)

伺候 perform the duties of a servant for

run against (v.+prep.)

偶然遇到 meet sb by chance
run against sb/sth
He ran against a wall in the darkness.

黑暗中他撞在一堵墙上。
While walking on the pavement, he ran against a lamppost.

他正在便道上走着,一不注意撞到电灯杆上了。 run against sb
He is running against many competitors in the 100 metres.

在100米赛跑中,他得对付许多竞赛者。
Roosevelt ran against Hoover in 1932.1932

年罗斯福与胡佛竞选总统。
Mr. Price risked defeat in running against Mr. Johnson in the last election.

在上次大选中,普赖斯先生冒着失败的风险与约翰逊竞选总统。 run against sb
I ran against an acquaintance in the street yesterday.

我昨天在街上偶遇一位熟人。

run along¹ (v.+adv.)

走开 go away
run along
Run along now, all of you!I'm busy now.

你们全给我走开!我很忙。
Be a good girl and run along,Daddy's busy.

好闺女快走开,爸爸正忙着呢。
It's late.I must run along.

时候已经不早,我该走了。

run along² (v.+prep.)

延伸,贯穿 pass or continue in the stated direction, way, etc.
run along sth
The road runs along the river bank.

这条马路延着河岸伸展。

run around (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉不忠于配偶 be unfaithful to one's marriage partner, lover, etc.
run around with sb
He was sorry that he had wasted his youth running around with criminal types.

他很后悔以前跟罪犯一类的人混在一起,虚度了青春。
I wish my son wouldn't run around with those hooligans.

我希望我儿子不要跟那些小流氓鬼混在一起。
Her husband found she'd been running around with another man.

她丈夫发现她经常和另外一个男人在一起。 run around
She suspected her husband of running around .

她怀疑她丈夫有外遇。

run at (v.+prep.)

目前为 (usually of trade, a debt, etc.) be presently existing at (a rate of sth)
run at sb
A big fellow ran at me with a knife.

一个高大的家伙持刀向我扑过来。
The dog ran at the visitor and bit him.

那条狗突然向来客扑去,并咬了他一口。 run at sth
Inflation is running at 25％.

通货膨胀率达25％。
Interest rates are running at record levels.

利率达到创记录的水平。

run away (v.+adv.)

(使)流走〔流掉〕 (cause to) flow away
run away
She hit the boy and he ran away .

她打那个小男孩,那小男孩就跑了。
The horse became frightened and ran away .

那匹马受惊吓跑了。
The enemy broke and began to run away in all directions.

敌人溃散,开始四处逃窜。 run away from sth
He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home.

他恨他的继父,最终从家中逃走了。
In a fit of temper the girl threatened to run away from home if her parents would not let her have her own way.

一气之下,这位姑娘威胁说：如果父母不让她按照自己的意愿行事,她将要离家出走。
It is reported that three important criminals ran away from prison last night.

据报道,有三名要犯昨夜越狱逃跑。
Charlie ran away twice from his boarding school.

查理两次从寄宿学校逃跑。
He was so unhappy that he tried to run away from school.

他实在太苦恼了,试图逃离学校。
Many times Tom said he would run away from school if the teacher would assign too much homework, but he never did.

汤姆曾多次说过,如果老师留太多的作业,他就逃学。但他从未这样做过。
The candidate tried to run away from controversial issues by pretending to be ill.

这位候选人佯装生病,以回避参与一些有争议的问题。 run away
There's a hole in my bucket, and the water is running away.

我的桶有个洞,水正在往外漏。
The water ran away through this pipe.

水通过这条管道流走了。 run sth ⇔ away
He ran the water away.

他把水放走了。

run away/off with (v.+adv.+prep.)

轻易取胜 win easily
run away〔off〕 with sb
The old man was quite depressed, because his second daughter had run away with a young man.

老头很沮丧,因为他的二女儿与一个男青年私奔了。
His wife has run off with another man.

他妻子跟另外一个男人私奔了。
Anna's mother has run off with her bank manager.

安娜的母亲和她那位银行经理私奔了。 run away〔off〕 with sth
Your education runs away with most of my money.

你的教育消耗掉了我的大部分钱。
The new scheme will run off with a lot of taxpayer's money.

这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。 run away〔off〕 with sth
Don't run away with the idea that I can lend you money every time you need help.

不要认为每当你需要帮助时,我就能借钱给你。
Don't ever run away with the notion that bankruptcy is a joke.

切莫误认为破产是件开玩笑的事情。
Don't run off with the idea that you needn't do any work, just because you're working for your father.

不要以为你是为你父亲工作就可以什么事都不必做了。
Don't run off with the grapevine news.

不要轻信那个小道消息。 run away〔off〕 with sth
He's run away with all my jewels.

他盗了我所有的珠宝潜逃了。
The work was suspended because someone in the office ran away with the plans of the new engine.

由于办公人员偷走了新发动机的图纸,工作只好暂停。
Someone has run off with the keys to my safe.

有人偷走了我保险柜的钥匙。 run away〔off〕 with sb
Eddie has let his temper run away with him.

埃迪已控制不住自己。
Don't let your temper run away with you.

别让你的脾气失去控制。
She tends to let feelings run away with her.

她易于感情用事。
Don't let your enthusiasm run off with you.

不要热心得过了头。 run away〔off〕 with sth
The girl from Japan ran away with the first set.

那位日本姑娘轻易地拿下了第一局。

run back (v.+adv.)

倒回 come back to the begin
run sth ⇔ back
Run the videotape back to the point where the ball bounces.

把录像带倒回到球弹起的地方去。

run back over (v.+adv.+prep.)

回忆过去 review the past
run back over sth
On seeing the picture,I let my thoughts run back over my childhood.

一看到那幅照片,我的思绪就回到了童年时代。
If you run back over the season, you can't pick out a game in which he played badly.

如果你回顾一下那个赛季,你找不出他哪一场打得不好。

run down¹ (v.+adv.)

(使)虚弱,疲乏 (cause to) become exhausted; be in poor health
run down
That clock ran down hours ago.

那座钟在几小时以前就停了。
The kitchen clock ran down because we forgot to wind it up.

厨房里的钟停了,因为我们忘了上发条。
The battery has run down; it needs recharging.

这电池已用完,需要再充电。 run sb/sth ⇔ down
The liner ran down a fishing boat in the dense fog.

那艘轮船在浓雾中与一艘渔船相撞。
The careless driver ran down two school boys.

粗心的司机撞倒了两个学童。
The cyclist was run down by a big lorry.

那个骑自行车的人被一辆大卡车撞倒。
The old lady carrying a basket of eggs was run down by a taxi when crossing the street.

那位手提着一篮鸡蛋的老太太横过马路时被一辆出租汽车撞倒了。 run sb ⇔ down
He's always running me down.

他总是讲我的坏话。
She's jealous of your success; that's why she's always running you down.

她嫉妒你的成功,这就是她老是诽谤你的原因所在。
She's always running her children down in public.

她总是当着人说自己的孩子不懂事。 run sb/sth ⇔ down
The police were trying to run down the escaped prisoner before he had a chance to leave the state.

警方正设法在那越狱犯逃离州境之前将他捕获。
See if you can run down that book in the library for me.

看看你能否在图书馆里帮我找到那本书。
At last I ran down the book I had been looking for in the library.

最后,我在图书馆发现了我一直在找的那本书。
The criminal was eventually run down in the woods near his home.

那罪犯终于落网了,就在他家附近的树林里被捕。 run down
The local steelworks is running down and is likely to close within three years.

当地的这家钢铁厂越来越不景气,有可能在三年内倒闭。 run sb ⇔ down
This exhausting work is enough to run everyone down.

这项费力的工作足以使每个人精疲力竭。
I really was run down after working a whole year without a break.

不停息地做一年后,我真的精疲力竭了。
He is quite run down and needs a vacation.

他的身体太虚弱,需要休假。
I felt thoroughly run down after work.

下班后,我觉得彻底累垮了。

run down² (v.+prep.)

沿…迅速而下; 顺…流下 pass or move quickly down (sth); (of liquid) flow down (sth)
run down sth
A lorry ran down the hill out of control.

卡车失去了控制,直往山下冲去。
The tears ran down his face.

眼泪顺着他的脸颊往下流。

run for (v.+prep.)

持续 continue
run for sb/sth
He is going to run for mayor again.

他要再次竞选市长。
Mr.William wants to run for governor of the state.

威廉先生想竞选州长。
He wanted very much to run for a second term, but owing to poor health he was compelled to give it up.

他非常想竞选连任,但由于健康状况不佳,他被迫放弃了这一念头。 run sb for sth
They are running Mr.Green for the House of Representatives.

他们提名格林先生参加众议院竞选。 run for sth
The play ran for six months on Broadway.

这出戏在百老汇连续演了半年。
Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks.

英国选举活动持续三周。

run in (v.+adv.)

拘捕并带往派出所 arrest and take to a police station
run in
Would you run in and bring my ball?

快跑进去把我的球拿来好吗?
As soon as Mary opened the door, the dog ran in.

当玛丽一打开门,狗就跑了进来。
There's water still running in; you can't have mended the roof property.

水还是往里流,你一定没把房顶修补好。 run in
Let's run in and see out parents this morning.

今天早上咱们开车去看望一下父母亲吧。 run sb ⇔ in
I will run you in if the bus isn't going into the town because of the snow today.

如果今天公共汽车因为下雪不送你进城的话,我会开车送你去的。 run sth ⇔ in
I'm running my new car in.

我正在试我的新车。
Don't drive your new car too fast until you've run it in.

新汽车未经磨合运转不要开得太快。 run sb ⇔ in
The police run the two drunks in for causing a disturbance in the street.

警察把两个醉鬼抓了起来,因为他们在街上闹事。
You've no cause to run me in,I've done nothing.

你没有理由抓我,我什么也没干。
He was run in for being in possession of drugs.

由于持有毒品,他被拘留于派出所。

run into (v.+prep.)

把…刺入 push sth sharp into
run into sth
It's snowing, run into the room.

下雪了,快跑到屋里去。
The ship has to run into the harbour when the sudden storm arises.

风暴骤起,轮船只得急忙躲进海港。
This river runs into the Atlantic Ocean.

这条河流进大西洋。 run into sb/sth
I just happened to run into an old friend in a hotel.

我碰巧在一家旅店遇见了一位老友。
When I ran into a problem while making my model airplane I asked Uncle Mark for help.

当我在制造飞机模型遇到问题时,就向马克大叔请教。 run into sth
We ran into the country today and had a wonderful day.

我们今天到乡下转了一圈,玩得很愉快。 run sb into sth
Uncle will ran us into town to buy a color TV set.

叔叔将开车送我们进城买彩电。 run into sth
My father's income runs into six figures.

我父亲的收入已达到六位数字。
That dictionary has run into six editions.

那本词典已再版了六次。
Car repairs can run into a lot of money.

汽车修理费加起来可能要一大笔钱。 run into sth
The taxi ran into the back of my new car.

出租汽车撞在我新车的尾部上。
The bus got out of control and ran into a wall.

公共汽车失去控制而撞在墙上。 run sth into sth
Paul got out of control of his car and ran it into a lamppost.

保罗没能把汽车控制住,结果把它撞到路灯柱子上去了。 run into sth
After a promising start, the company ran into trouble.

公司起先很有生气,但之后便陷入了困境。 run sb/sth into sth
My wife has run me into despair.

我的太太使我绝望。
His wild extravagance is running his family into red.

他的奢侈无度使他的家庭负债累累。
Taking risks like that might run the firm into debt.

冒那样的风险会使公司欠债。 run sth into sb/sth
Mind you, don't run the needle into your finger.

注意别让针扎手。

run off¹ (v.+adv.)

劳累过度 become tired through too much activity
run off
When the temperature reaches melting point; the metal runs off as a liquid and flows into special modules.

当温度达到熔点时,金属就变成液体流出,并注入特殊的铸模中。 run sth ⇔ off
The oil in your engine looks very dirty, get the garage to run it off.

你的发动机里的油看上去很脏,叫车行的人替你把油放出来。 run sth ⇔ off
He ran a batch of mimeographed sheets off.

他油印出一批讲义。
I'll run off 100 copies of these booklets.

我要把这些小册子打印出一百份。
When you've finished typing this letter, could you run off four copies for me, please?

你打完这封信后,请给我复印四份好吗? run sth ⇔ off
I can run off the list from memory.

我能把清单倒背如流。
I ran off an article for the local newspaper a week during the last summer.

去年暑假,我每周为本地报纸写一篇文章。
He's a remarkable writer, he can run off a novel in a week.

他是一位非凡的作家,他能在一周内快速写完一部小说。 run sth ⇔ off
You're too fat; try and run off all those excess pounds.

你太胖了,要跑跑步减减肥。 run one's feet〔legs〕 off
I'm running my legs off, having to look after everything in the village.

村里的事件件都得我管,我跑得精疲力竭。

run off² (v.+prep.)

使某人过于劳累 make sb work too hard, especially actively
run off sth
The rainwater can run off the roof through these pipes.

雨水可以通过这些管道从屋顶上流走。 run sb off his feet〔legs〕
I'm sorry I didn't phone earlier but I've been run off my feet today.

很对不起,我没能早一点打电话,今天我一直很忙。

run on¹ (v.+adv.)

不停地讲,滔滔不绝 talk continuously

run on² (v.+prep.)

涉及,讲到 be concerned with a subject
run on sth
Her talk ran on developments in computer software.

她谈的是计算机软件的开发问题。
Our talk ran on recent events.

我们谈的是近来发生的事件。
That boy's thoughts are always running on food.

那个男孩脑子里总是想着吃。

run out (v.+adv.)

抛弃,背弃 abandon; desert
run out
There was such a demand for the new postage stamps that before midday supplies had run out.

对新邮票的需求量是如此之大,以致中午前就卖完了。
We'd just reached the motorway when the petrol ran out.

我们刚到达高速公路,汽油就没有了。
Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.

在旅行快结束时,食物已经吃完了。 run oneself out
He ran himself out in the first few circles.

他才跑了几圈就没力气了。 run out of sth
We have run out of rice. Will you buy some at the grain shop nearby?

我们的米已经吃完了,到附近粮店买些好吗?
I'm running out of petrol, so I have to stop at the next filling station.

我把汽油用完了,所以只得在下一个加油站停下来。
The soldiers ran out of ammunition and had to withdraw.

士兵们打光了弹药,不得不撤退。
Try not to run out of patience with the old lady.She has enough reason to complain.

对那位老夫人不要失去耐心,她埋怨是有充分理由的。
Mrs. Black ran almost out of hope during the Second World War.

第二次世界大战期间,布莱克太太几乎绝望了。
The performing group began well, but seemed to run out of steam halfway through the year.

演出小组开始时很好,可是一年还没到头似乎就有些泄气了。 run out
The contract had run out before Mr. Wells was able to find a new job.

韦尔斯先生未能找到新工作,合同就到期了。
My employment contract runs out at the end of this month.

我的雇用合同本月底期满。
We'd better do our Christmas shopping, time is running out.

我们最好还是去买圣诞节用品,时间不多了。 run out
The water is running out.

水流出来了。
The salt won't run out if it's too damp.

盐如果很潮湿是不会流出来的。
The milk runs in at this end of the bacterial filter and runs out at the other.

牛奶从细菌过滤器这一头流进去,从另一头流出。 run out of sth
The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.

水从管子里流入桶里。 run sb out of sth
They ran him out of town.

他们把他撵出城。
If you refuse to leave of your own free will, the boys will run you out of town.

如果你拒绝自动离开,小伙子们将把你赶出城去。 run out on sb
Poor Mary!Her husband has run out on her.

可怜的玛丽,她的丈夫抛弃了她。
Mr.Perkins ran out on his poor wife.

珀金斯先生遗弃了他那可怜的太太。
Don't run out on your friends when they are in need of your help.

当你的朋友们需要你的帮助时,不要背弃他们。

run over¹ (v.+adv.)

撞倒,撞翻并轧过其身体的一部分 knock down and wound sb or damage sth with a vehicle
run over to sth
Will you run over to the shop and get some butter?

你到铺子里去买点黄油好吗?
Let's run over to the Browns' this evening.

今天晚上咱们开车去布朗家吧。 run sb ⇔ over to sth
Don't get a bus,I'll run you over to the theatre.

不要去坐公共汽车了,我开车送你去剧场。 run over
The water in the Yangtze River this summer rose rapidly and almost ran over.

今年夏天长江的水位迅速增高,几乎泛溢出来。
You can't pour any more water into that cup, it will run over.

你不能再往那只杯子里倒水了,会溢出来的。 run sb/sth over
Slow down, you might run someone over.

开慢点,你会撞着人的。
Drunk drivers run more people over than those who have not been drinking.

喝醉酒的司机比没喝酒的司机撞人的时候要多。
He was run over and had to be taken to hospital.

他被车轧伤,必须送往医院。
The man was run over by a train and killed.

那个人被火车轧死了。
The old man was nearly run over by a car.

老人差一点儿被汽车撞倒。
This box looks as if it's been run over by a bus.

这个箱子好像被汽车撞翻过似的。

run over² (v.+prep.)

浏览 look through
run over sth
The river is running over its banks and we shall be flooded.

河水正漫过堤岸,我们要遭水灾了。 run over sb/sth
Why doesn't he drive more carefully?He almost ran over that child.

他开车怎么不小心点儿? 险些从那个孩子身上开过去。
The bus ran over his legs.

公共汽车碾过他的腿。
The car ran over a duck crossing the road.

汽车轧死了一只穿马路的鸭子。
The train ran over the bus, killing nine people.

火车撞翻了那辆公共汽车,撞死了9个人。
Sledges run well over frozen snow.

雪橇在冻硬了的雪上顺利滑行。 run over sth
Just run over your notes before the examination.

考试前你只要再看看笔记就行了。
He ran over his notes before starting his lecture.

在开始讲演前,他把大纲匆匆看一遍。
His eyes ran quickly over the letter to see whom it was from.

他在那封信上扫了一眼,看看是谁写来的。 run one's eye over sth
He ran his eye over the page.

他把这一页看了一遍。

run through¹ (v.+adv.)

刺穿,刺中 make a hole through sth/sb, as with a sword
run through
Father told me to unblock the pipe to let the water run through.

父亲叫我把管子打通,让水流过去。 run sth ⇔ through
Run some clean water through, and then you'll see its true colour.

让一些清水从中流过,你就会看清它的真正颜色了。 run sb/sth through
The ruffian threatened to run his victim through if he did not hand over all his money.

暴徒恐吓受害者说如果他不把所有的钱都交出来,就捅死他。

run through² (v.+prep.)

(使)快速移动,(使)随意移动 (cause to) move quickly or freely
run through sth
Running through the forest in the dark, the boys were greatly afraid.

孩子们在黑暗中穿过森林,心里非常害怕。 run through sth
The river runs through several underground caves which store the water for the city's use.

这条河流经几处贮存城市用水的地下蓄水池。 run sth through sth
Run lots of soapy water through the pipe to clean it.

用大量的肥皂水把管子里面冲洗干净。 run through sth
She could run through a year's salary in a week if you let her.

如果你允许她的话,她能在一星期内把一年的薪水挥霍掉。
Here is ten pounds, when you've run through that, let me know, and I may let you have some more.

这是10英镑,花完后告诉我,我再给你一些。
He soon ran through all his father's money.

他很快把父亲的钱全给挥霍掉了。 run through sth
We've got a few minutes before the train goes, so I'll just run through your instructions again.

在火车出发前我们还有一点时间,我再把你的指示看一遍。
I think I've grasped your main proposals, but would you mind running through them once again?

我认为我明白了你的主要意思,不过你可以再叙述一遍吗?
I'll just run through this list of figures with you.

我来和你很快地看一遍这个数目表。 run through sth
Let's run through the first scene again.

我们再把第一场排练一遍吧。
Let's run through the exercises orally before writing them down.

这些练习咱们先口头做一遍,然后再写下来。 run through sth
A feeling of sadness runs through his poetry.

一种悲伤感贯穿于他的诗歌。
A keen humour runs through the writings of G.B. Shaw.

一种强烈的幽默感贯穿在萧伯纳的作品中。 run through sth
An alarming thought kept running through my mind.

一个令人惊恐的念头一直在我脑海中转来转去。
A shudder ran through his body as he died.

他死的时候浑身颤抖了一下。 run sth through sth
He ran his fingers through his hair in confusion.

他心里很乱,禁不住将手放在头发里乱挠。

run to (v.+prep.)

〈主英〉驱车(送某人)去… drive (sb) to a place
run to sth
I can't run to that new car.

我买不起那辆新车。
My money won't run to a holiday abroad this year.

今年我的钱不够到国外度假。 run to sth
My new novel has already run to three impressions.

我的新小说已出了三版了。
It is estimated that the casualties may run to more than ten thousand killed and wounded.

估计伤亡人数可达万余人。
The boundary runs to the south of that forest.

边界线延伸到那片森林的南部。 run to sth
You are running to fat.

你有发胖的趋势。
The ball ran to the boundary.

球向边线滚去。 run to sth
Would you like to run to the harbour to look at the ships?

你想不想开车到码头看看船? run sb to sth
Can I run you to the station?

我开车送你去车站好吗?

run up¹ (v.+adv.)

(使)增长 incur a bill or debt
run sth ⇔ up
They ran up the national flag on the queen's birthday.

他们在女王生日那天升起了国旗。
Seeing a ship on the horizon, we ran up a flag of distress.

看到地平线上出现一艘船,我们连忙升起遇险信号旗。 run sth ⇔ up
Jill ran up a costume for the party on her sewing machine.

吉尔匆匆忙忙用缝纫机赶制了一件参加宴会穿的服装。
I ran this dress up in one evening.

我只用了一个晚上赶制这件衣服。 run up
His debts ran up alarmingly.

他的债务惊人地增长。
The sales of the book ran up.

这部书的销量激增。 run sth ⇔ up
She ran up a large phone bill.

她欠下了很多电话费。
Packing will bring us more money, because the special packing will run up the price of the item.

包装会给我们带来更多的钱,因为这种特殊包装会抬高商品的价格。

run up² (v.+prep.)

迅速地登上; 沿…迅速地移动 move quickly up sth, as by running; move quickly along sth
run up sth
He ran up the stairs three at a time.

他一步三级跑上了楼梯。
I got out of breath running up the hill from the station.

我从车站跑上山顶,连气都喘不上来了。
A sudden pain ran up her leg.

一阵突然的疼痛顺着她的腿蔓延开来。
The insect ran up my leg.

小虫子爬到我腿上来了。

run up against (v.+adv.+prep.)

遇到,碰到 encounter
run up against sb/sth
I ran up against Bill in the market.

我在市场上偶然碰到了比尔。
I ran up against a glass door and hurt my head.

我撞上了玻璃门,把头撞伤了。
In the dark,I ran up against a cupboard.

黑暗中,我撞着了一个碗柜。
The firm ran up against strong competition.

这家公司遇到了强有力的竞争。
I thought we would be successful, but we ran up against a lack of money.

我原以为我们会成功,但我们遇到了缺乏资金的难题。
We ran up against some unexpected opposition.

我们碰到了意想不到的反对。

run with (v.+prep.)

流满 be covered with
run with sth
The streets were running with blood after the massacre.

那场大屠杀后,街上血流成河。
His face was running with sweat.

他汗流满面。

用作名词 (n.)

at a run

跑 running

by〔with〕 a/the run

迅速下降 declining quickly

get〔have〕 the run of

得到准许充分使用… get permission to make full use of sth

give the run of

准许(某人)充分使用… give (sb) the permission to make full use of sth
give sb the run of sth
He's given our children the run of his garden.

他让我们的孩子随便进出他的花园。

in the long run

从长远来看,终究 ultimately; eventually

in the short run

从短期来看,在短期内,不久 for the near future

on the run

奔逃,逃跑 fleeing from pursuit or capture

run for one's money

满足 reward, interest, enjoyment, etc., especially in return for effort

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• run a hotel 经营一家旅馆
• run all the way 一路跑
• run blockade 冲破封锁
• run business 经商
• run company 经营公司
• run counter to 违反,与…背道而驰
• run errands 供差遣
• run extra train 增开加班列车
• run grocery shop 经营杂货店
• run horse 策马
• run machine 操纵机器
• run projector 开放映机
• run race 赛跑
• run risk 冒险
• run sb's life 主宰某人的生活
• run school 管理学校
• run water 放水

～+形容词

• run dry 变干
• run free 随便乱跑
• run low 不够了
• run short 缺乏
• run smooth 进展顺利
• run wild 无人管

～+副词

• run blindly 盲目地经营
• run easily 容易管理
• run efficiently 有效地管理
• run eventually 最后达到
• run frantically 狂乱地跑
• run infallibly 必然地逃走
• run noiselessly 悄悄地跑
• run obediently 驯服地操作
• run rapidly 快速地跑
• run readily 准备跑
• run regularly 整齐地跑
• run safely 安全地跑
• run serially 连续地跑
• run slowly 缓慢地跑
• run smoothly 平稳地移动
• run speedily 快速地移动
• run successfully 成功地经营
• run swiftly 迅速地移动
• run about 跑来跑去
• run along 跑开,走掉
• run around 到处乱跑,合得来,关系密切
• run away 跑掉,逃跑
• run back 跑回
• run down 流下来,疲惫不堪
• run in 快速进入
• run off 走开
• run on 滔滔不绝往下说
• run out 用完,满期,告终

～+副词+介词

• run away from sth 摆脱某事
• run away with 不受…约束
• run down to 延伸至,伸展到
• run out on sb 抛弃某人
• run up 迅速上升
• run up against 达到,遇到,和…冲突
• run up to 达到,向…跑去

～+介词

• run across 穿过,碰到
• run after 追逐…
• run after a bus 追赶公共汽车
• run against 反对
• run one's head against the wall 把头往墙上撞
• run at 冲向,扑向
• run between 在…之间定期往返
• run between the two cities 往来于两城之间
• run down 很快跑下,倾泻
• run down the stairs 跑下楼梯
• run for 竞选,跑去找
• run for Congress 参加国会议员竞选
• run for dear life 拼命跑
• run for office 竞选公职
• run for the President 竞选总统
• run from 从…伸展
• run from the field of battle 临阵脱逃
• run in the 3000 metres 参加三千米赛跑
• run into 偶然碰见,撞见,碰到,跑进,陷入,撞
• run into an old friend 偶遇老朋友
• run into danger 遇到危险
• run into trouble 碰上麻烦
• run on 涉及
• run on a problem 涉及某问题
• run over 浏览,匆匆复习,略述,溢出
• run round the house 围着房子跑
• run through 花光,穿过,浸透,略谈,浏览,勾销
• run through the mountain 穿山而过
• run to 伸展到,跑到…,累积,寻求…的帮助

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• cover run 走完航程
• finish run 结束航程
• score a run 得了一分

形容词+～

• average run 普通人
• brief run 暂时畅销
• common run 普通人
• considerable run 销路很好
• extra run 增开一班次
• good run 畅销
• hurried run 匆匆跑
• last run 最后一班
• long run 长期演出
• non-stop run 直达航线

名词+～

• railroad run 火车路程

介词+～

• after a run of 一连串的…
• at a run 跑步
• by the run 猛然,马上
• during a run of 在…时间内
• for a run 跑步
• off run 不再航行
• on run 在航线上
• on the run 逃跑,奔波
• out of the run 不寻常的事
• to a run 跑起来
• with a run 突然下降

～+介词

• run between 往返于…之间
• run by 只需
• run from 离开…的航行中
• run of 跑了
• run of office 任期
• run of wet weather 阴雨连绵
• run on the bank 银行发生挤兑
• run to 去…旅行

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. run的基本意思是“跑”“移动”,指人、动物或车辆以一定速度前进或移动,引申可表示“(使)流动”,指水流、血液或眼泪比较湍急、源源不断地在一段时间内流淌。用在日常非正式场合时,还可表示“操纵”“管理”,指使具体事物或企业按照人的意志进行或发展。引申可表示“延伸”“延续”等。
2. run主要用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词或由that引导的从句作宾语,有时还可接双宾语,其间接宾语可转化成介词to或for的宾语。可用于被动结构。run用作不及物动词时其后可跟动词不定式作状语,不定式符号to有时可以省略。
3. run还可用作系动词,意思是“用”“达到”“变得”,常接形容词作表语。用于比赛时可接序数词,表示“跑第几名”。
4. run的现在进行时可表示按计划或安排、打算将要发生的动作,此时句中一般有表明将来的时间状语或特定的上下文。
5. run的过去式是ran,过去分词是run。

n. (名词)

1. run用作名词意思是“跑,奔跑”,也可指“旅行,运行期间”,主要强调运行或旅行的路程,也可指“行驶路线”。run还可指“持续的演出”“时期,一段时间”。引申可指“趋向,趋势”“兜风”“购物潮”“得分”等。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

run short, run short of

• 这两个短语都是“快用完”的意思。前者相当于不及物动词,主语一般为物,以主动形式表示被动意义; 后者相当于及物动词,其主语为人或部门, of后接表示时间或钱、物的名词。例如:
• The flour is running short.
• 面粉快用完了。
• We have run short of flour.
• 我们的面粉快用完了。

run away, escape, flee, fly

• 这组词(组)都有“跑开”“逃跑”“逃亡”的意思。其区别在于:escape多表示逃跑后的结果(如未被捕获,并不指逃跑的动作); flee表示逃跑的行为本身,常含有“惧怕”的意味。例如:
• Many people fled the burning hotel.许多人逃离了着火的旅馆。
• There was evidence that the burglars had been frightened and had fled.有证据说窃贼是受惊之后仓皇逃走的。
• fly强调“逃跑”的仓促性,通常带有紧急意味。例如:
• Why did the sportsman fly his country?为什么那个运动员叛逃到国外去呢?
• run away多用于口语,指不让人知道,有时含有“不辞而别”的意味。例如:
• He ran away twice from his boarding school.他两次从寄宿学校出走。

run into, add up to, amount to, come to, count up to

• 这五个短语动词都是“总计”的意思,其差别很细微：
• 1.从构成上说, add up to和count up to是动副介型短语; 而amount to, come to和run into是动介型短语。
• 2.从主语上说, add up to和come to相同,均多为钱、账单、数目等; amount to和run into的主语多为loss, cost, expense, debt, sum等名词; 而count up to的主语则仅限It。例如:
• Our hotel bill added up to〔amounted to,came to〕 300 dollars.我们的旅馆费共计300美元。
• His debts amounted to〔ran into〕 over 3000 dollars.他的债务已高达3000多美元。
• It counts up to 300 dollars.共计300美元。
• 3.从宾语上说, add up to, amount to, come to后一般接数字; 而count up to和run into后除可接数字外,还可接名词。例如:
• It counts up to a considerable sum.合计起来数目相当可观。
• Losses run into six figures.损失高达6位数。
• 4.从使用场合上说, come to最通俗, count up to不常用。

run, flow, pour, stream

• 这组词的共同意思是“流”“流动”。其区别是：
• 1.flow, run, stream和pour都可指液体流动; flow还可指气体流动; pour还可指光线、微粒等倾泻。
• 2.时间上:flow一般指源源不断地、长时间地流动; run既可以是源源不断地、长时间地流动,也可以是流动一段时间; stream和pour多指短时间地流动。
• 3.方向上:指液体流动时, flow是水平流动; run和stream既可水平流动,也可垂直流动; pour是垂直流动。
• 4.流速上:从快到慢依次为pour, stream, run, flow。具体说就是flow是平平稳稳地流动; run比较湍急; stream比run更有力; pour则是“倾泻”。
• 5.flow, stream和pour常用于比喻, run很少用于比喻。例如:
• The river was flowing quietly.河水静静流着。
• She let her hair down so that it flew darkly over her shoulders.她让乌黑的头发披散下来,飘垂到肩上。
• The river runs through hills and fields.河水流经山冈和田野。
• The water runs out of the pipe into the bucket.水自管内注入水桶中。
• Tears were streaming down her face.她脸上热泪滚滚而下。
• The students streamed into the auditorium.学生们络绎不绝地进入礼堂。

run, gallop, race

• 这组词的意思都是“跑”。其区别是：
• race指与他人比较走得快慢,强调速度上的比赛; gallop多指马全速奔跑,也可指人飞快地跑; run指以一定的速度跑。例如:
• I'll race you to the end of the road.我和你比赛,看谁先跑到这路的尽头。
• Don't bother galloping after the bus, you'll never catch it.别费劲去追赶那辆公共汽车了,你怎么也赶不上的。
• I used to run when I was in middle school.我在中学的时候常常跑步。

run, manage, operate

• 三者都表示“经营”“管理”。它们的区别是：
• 1.operate含所有人与代理人共同经营的意思。
• 2.manage指对经营的工厂、商店等全面的监督,包括处理问题和日常事务,但不一定拥有所有权。例如:
• She managed the shop while the owner was away.店主出门去的时候,她照管商店。
• She manages the money very well.她理财有方。
• 3.run指使经营管理的工厂、企业等运转起来,多为自筹资金,拥有所有权。例如:
• Mr. Smith runs a grocery shop.史密斯先生经营一家杂货店。
• They ran the nurseries extremely well.他们把托儿所办得很好。

下面两句意思相同:

• Her face was running down with tears.
• Tears were running down her face.
• 她泪流满面。

下面各组中的两个句子意思不同:

• The policeman is running after him.
• 警察正在追赶他。
• The policeman is running behind him.
• 警察在他后面跑。
• She ran to me with a knife.
• 她拿着一把刀子向我跑来。
• She ran at me with a knife.
• 她拿着一把刀子向我袭来。
• The farmer ran up a house.
• 那农夫爬上房。
• The farmer ran a house up.
• 那个农夫匆匆建起一栋房子。
• The poor woman ran home.
• 那可怜的女人跑回家。
• The poor woman ran a home.
• 那个可怜的女人照管一个家。

run，jog，race，trot

• 这些动词均有“跑”之意。
• run最普通用词，指由于各种原因而急速奔跑。
• jog指从容不迫地慢跑。
• race多用于赛跑，指以最快速度奔跑。
• trot强调小跑时上下弹跳的动作，是介于跑与走之间轻快的快速运动。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 昨天我在超级市场上正巧碰见她。

   误 I ran across with her in the supermarket yesterday.

   正 I ran across her in the supermarket yesterday.

   析 run across意为“偶然碰见”,其后可直接接sb/sth。

2. 在测验的最后一道题上,我遇到了麻烦。

   误 I ran against trouble on the last problem on the test.

   正 I ran into trouble on the last problem on the test.

   析 run into表示“偶然撞上”“偶然碰到”,宾语可以是困难、危险等, run against 不用于此义。

3. 要是他没把孩子拉开,孩子就会被火车轧死了。

   误 If he hadn't pulled the child away, the child would have been run down by the train.

   正 If he hadn't pulled the child away, the child would have been run over by the train.

   析 run over为及物动词短语,意为“碾过,(车辆)轧死”,而run down仅表示“撞倒,撞翻”,不及run over后果严重。

4. 他们决定不等钱用完就回家。

   误 They decided to go home before their money was run out.

   正 They decided to go home before their money ran out.

   析 run out意为“用完”,是不及物动词短语,因此,不能用于被动结构。

5. 她跑到那里敲了敲门。

   误 She ran away to the place and knocked at the door.

   正 She ran to the place and knocked at the door.

   析 表示“跑”的动作用不及物动词run, run away是“跑掉,逃跑”的意思。

6. 河水开始干涸。

   误 The river was beginning to run drily.

   正 The river was beginning to run dry.

   析 run可以用作系动词,表示“变得”,后接形容词作表语。

7. 恐怕这件衬衫洗时将会褪色。

   误 I'm afraid the colour will be run when I wash this shirt.

   正 I'm afraid the colour will run when I wash this shirt.

   析 run表示“褪色”时用作不及物动词,不用于被动结构。

8. 谁经营镇上的汽车服务站?

   误 Who runs for the taxi service in town?

   正 Who runs the taxi service in town?

   析 run作“经营”解时是及物动词,不用再加介词。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的rinnan，意为奔跑。

近反义词

【近义词】

• escape
• flee
• catch
• hunt
• seize
• collide
• crash
• encounter
• meet
• exhaust
• incur
• dash
• rash
• sprint
• sequence
• series

【反义词】

• idle 无目的