absent

英 ['æbsənt] 美 ['æbsənt]

• adj. 缺席的；不在的；缺乏的
• vt. 使缺席

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 缺席的,不在的

   not present; not in a place because of illness, etc.

2. 没有的，缺乏的

   not existing; lacking; not present in sth

3. 心不在焉的; 走神的

   showing that you are not really looking at or thinking about what is happening around you

v. (动词)

1. vt. 缺席,不参加,不在

   not go to or be in a place where you are expected to be

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 缺席的，不在场的，缺勤的，不在的
2. 缺少的，缺乏的，（全）无的，没有的
3. 恍惚的，茫然的，心不在焉的，茫然若失的
4. 不在意的
5. 不存在的

n. 名词

1. 缺席的人

v. 动词

1. 缺席，不参加，不在，使缺席

英英释义

Adjective:

1. not being in a specified place

2. nonexistent;

   "the thumb is absent"
   "her appetite was lacking"
   

3. lost in thought; showing preoccupation;

   "an absent stare"
   "an absentminded professor"
   "the scatty glancing quality of a hyperactive but unfocused intelligence"
   

Verb:

1. go away or leave;

   "He absented himself"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. Professor Li is absent, I will take the lesson in the place of him.
   李教授不在，我替他上课。
2. Many students were absent, notably the monitor.
   许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
3. You should not be absent from class.
   你不应当旷课。
4. Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom.
   在做这些实验前,人们认为动物王国缺乏语言技能。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?
   昨天你为何不到校?

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. After the party he telephoned his absent friends.
   晚会后他打电话给没有赴约的朋友。
2. The absent party is always to blame.
   不在场的一方总受责备。
3. He had an absent look on his face.
   他脸上带着茫然若失的神情。
4. He listened with an absent air and kept glancing at the door.
   他一副心不在焉的样子听着,不时地瞥一眼门。
5. He is a reckless driver and often drives in an absent way.
   他是个粗心的司机,开车时经常漫不经心。
6. When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent way and didn't answer.
   当我和他说话时,他茫然地望着我而不答话。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. Three members of the class are absent today.
   班上今天有三人缺席。
2. It would be less embarrassing to have a bath while Phillip was absent.
   趁菲利普不在的时候赶紧洗个澡,免得尴尬。
3. In the Manx type of cat, the tail is absent.
   马恩岛猫没有尾巴。
4. In that province a conventional political system was absent.
   那个省份不存在常规的政治制度。
5. His look had grown absent, as if he were calling up memories.
   他脸上一副心不在焉的神情,好像想起了什么往事似的。
6. She was absent, preoccupied.
   她心不在焉,不知在想什么。

S+be+～+ prep. -phrase

1. He was absent at roll call.
   他点名时不在。
2. I want permission to be absent for a week.
   我想请一星期假。
3. At times he would be absent for a couple of days.
   他有时会离开几天。
4. She was absent for no more than ten minutes.
   她只离开了不到十分钟。
5. He's been absent from work all week.
   他整整一个星期没有上班。
6. I'll be absent from home in the afternoon.
   我下午不在家。
7. Several students are absent from school today.
   有几个学生今天没上学。
8. Who is absent from the meeting?
   谁没到会？
9. She was absent from work〔school〕 with a cold.
   她因感冒而没去上班〔上学〕。
10. I was absent from the meeting with leave.
    我请了假，未出席会议。
11. He was absent from his work without leave.
    他擅离职守。
12. Any sign of remorse was completely absent from her face.
    她脸上丝毫没有懊恼的表情。
13. The secretary is absent from mind today.
    秘书今天心不在焉。
14. Calcium is absent from his diet.
    他的食物中缺乏钙质。
15. Love was totally absent from my childhood.
    我童年时一点也没有受到过疼爱。
16. Parental affection is absent from these children's lives.
    父母的慈爱与这些孩子的生活无缘。
17. Revenge is absent from his mind.
    他不想报复。
18. Something which is still absent from your work is any reference to class.
    你作品中仍然只字未提社会的阶级。
19. He is absent in Beijing.
    他外出,到北京去了。
20. Snow is absent in some countries.
    有些国家从不下雪。
21. This idiom is absent in that dictionary.
    那本词典里没有这个习语。
22. He is absent on business.
    他因事外出。
23. How many of them are absent without permission?
    他们中有多少人擅自缺席？

其他

1. The absent are never without fault, nor the present without excuse.
   不在场的人总有错,在场的人总有理。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Many absented this afternoon, appearing neither in person nor proxy.
   这天下午许多人没有到场,既不见他们本人也不见他们的代表。

用作及物动词

S+～+oneself

1. Saying “ Would you please excuse me for a minute”, he absented himself.
   说着“对不起,我要出去一下”,他就离开了。
2. The student absented himself without notice.
   这学生擅自缺席。
3. He absented himself from the picnic.
   他没去参加野餐。
4. He had absented himself from the office for the day.
   这一天他没有去办公室上班。
5. He absented himself from the meeting without good reason.
   他无正当理由而未出席会议。
6. The club attempted to induce its members to absent themselves from the bar.
   俱乐部极力劝说成员不要涉足酒吧。

经典引文

• Absent officers were summoned.

  出自： James Mill

• If he absents himself from her side.

  出自： D. Runyon

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• absent expression 茫然的表情
• absent friends 不在场的朋友
• absent look 神不守舍的样子
• absent stare 茫然的呆视
• absent way 茫然

～+介词

• absent at roll call 点名时不在
• absent for an indefinite period 无限期缺席
• absent from someplace 不在某地
• absent from a meeting 未出席会议
• absent from home 不在家
• absent from one's native place 背井离乡
• absent from school 缺课
• absent from work 缺勤
• absent in one's mind 心不在焉
• absent in someplace 在某地,而不在说话人所在地
• absent on a tour 外出旅行
• absent without leave 擅自缺席,擅离职守
• absent without reason 无故缺席

词语用法

1. 指某人不在某地用absent from，如absent from Shanghai意为“不在上海”，而说某人absent in Shanghai时，则是指“在上海”；
2. 涉及到不会动的东西时，absent in ...意为“不在……里”或“在……里没有”，可参考absence， 但是有特例。

   Prejudice is absent from his mind.
   句中习惯用from，因成见虽不会动，但会自己产生和消灭。

adj. (形容词)

1. absent的基本意思是“缺席的,不在场的”,在句中可用作定语或表语。用作表语时常与介词from连用,有时还可接动名词,主语一般为人。
2. absent作“没有的,缺乏的”解是正式用法,在句中多用作表语,常与介词from连用,主语一般为物。
3. absent作“心不在焉的,走神的”解时,指思想不能集中于当前的事情。
4. absent不用于比较等级。
5. absent前加定冠词the可用作名词,意思是“缺席的人”。

v. (动词)

1. absent用作及物动词时常接反身代词作宾语,其后常接from引起的介词短语。absent偶尔也可用作不及物动词。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

be absent from, be absent in

• 这两个短语在接表示地点的名词时,含意不同：be absent from的意思是“不在…(地方)”; be absent in的意思是“在某地,而不在说话人所在地”。试比较：
• He was absent from London.
• 他不在伦敦。
• He was absent in London.
• 他不在这里,而在伦敦。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自中世纪法语的absent；最初源自拉丁语的absentem，意为离开的原因。

近反义词

【近义词】

• away
• gone
• missing
• out
• truant
• lacking
• blank
• distracted
• dreamy
• empty
• heedless
• inattentive
• preoccupied
• unaware
• unthinking
• vacant
• vague
• cause to be not present
• fail to attend
• keep away
• not appear
• play truant
• stay away

【反义词】

• attendant
• in attendance
• present
• alert
• attentive
• aware
• conscious
• meaningful
• thoughtful
• appear
• attend
• show up

派生词

v.(动词)

• absently adv. 心不在焉地; 出神地‖ absentee n. 缺席者‖absenteeism n. (经常无故)旷工; 旷课