present

英 ['preznt] 美 ['preznt]

• n. 礼物；现在
• adj. 出席的；现在的；当前的；存在的
• v. 提出；赠送；呈现

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. [P]出席的,到场的

   being in the place in question announced

2. [A]现在的,目前的

   existing or happening now

3. [P]存在的,含有的

   being in a place, substance. etc.

4. [A]正在处理或讨论中的

   now being considered, dealt with or discussed

n. (名词)

1. [S]现在,目前

   the time now passing; the present time

2. [C]礼物,赠品

   thing given or received as a gift

v. (动词)

1. vt. 出现; 出席; 显示

   appear or attend; show

2. vt. 介绍

   introduce

3. vt. 赠与; 交给

   give or hand sth to sb

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 礼物，赠品
2. 现在，目前
3. 【语】现在时（态），动词的现在时形式
4. 【律】本文件
5. （举枪）瞄准，（举枪）致敬

adj. 形容词

1. 出席的，在座的，在场的，存在的
2. 现在的，目前的，正在处理（或考虑）中的
3. 【语】现在时（态）的
4. <古>即刻可用的，应急的，随时在手边的
5. <废>即刻的，立即的

v. 动词

1. 提出，提供，递交
2. 上演，演出，表演，使扮演...角色
3. 表示，致以（问候等）
4. 赠送，授予，呈献
5. 显示，呈现，表现，描述，显露
6. 引见，介绍
7. 以（武器等）瞄准
8. 举枪致敬
9. 主持播出
10. 【宗】行使牧师推荐权
11. 【律】控告，告发，检举
12. 【医】露出，先露

英英释义

Noun:

1. the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech;

   "that is enough for the present"
   "he lives in the present with no thought of tomorrow"
   

2. something presented as a gift;

   "his tie was a present from his wife"
   

3. a verb tense that expresses actions or states at the time of speaking

Adjective:

1. temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration;

   "the present leader"
   "articles for present use"
   "the present topic"
   "the present system"
   "present observations"
   

2. being or existing in a specified place;

   "the murderer is present in this room"
   "present at the wedding"
   "present at the creation"
   

Verb:

1. give an exhibition of to an interested audience;

   "She shows her dogs frequently"
   "We will demo the new software in Washington"
   

2. bring forward and present to the mind;

   "We presented the arguments to him"
   "We cannot represent this knowledge to our formal reason"
   

3. perform (a play), especially on a stage;

   "we are going to stage `Othello'"
   

4. hand over formally

5. introduce;

   "This poses an interesting question"
   

6. give, especially as an honor or reward;

   "bestow honors and prizes at graduation"
   

7. give as a present; make a gift of;

   "What will you give her for her birthday?"
   

8. deliver (a speech, oration, or idea);

   "The commencement speaker presented a forceful speech that impressed the students"
   

9. cause to come to know personally;

   "permit me to acquaint you with my son"
   "introduce the new neighbors to the community"
   

10. represent abstractly, for example in a painting, drawing, or sculpture;

    "The father is portrayed as a good-looking man in this painting"
    

11. present somebody with something, usually to accuse or criticize;

    "We confronted him with the evidence"
    "He was faced with all the evidence and could no longer deny his actions"
    "An enormous dilemma faces us"
    

12. formally present a debutante, a representative of a country, etc.

13. recognize with a gesture prescribed by a military regulation; assume a prescribed position;

    "When the officers show up, the soldiers have to salute"
    

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday present.
   他给我买了一只贵重的钻戒作生日礼物。
2. I wish to make you a present in token of my gratitude.
   我想送你一件礼物，以表示对你的感谢之情。
3. Focusing on the future instead of the present can cripple any activity.
   不注意现在只考虑将来就可能做不成任何事。
4. There's no certain cure for this illness at present.
   现在这种病尚无确实可靠的疗法。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. He insists on being present.
   他一定要出席。
2. A number of local personalities were present at the meeting.
   一些当地名人出席了会议。
3. According to our present ideas of physics, nothing can travel faster than light.
   根据我们现在物理学的概念,没有什么东西能超过光速。
4. I am content to stay in my present job.
   我对现在的工作心满意足。
5. My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.
   按我目前的财务状况我是不可能买车的。
6. He suspected that a leak was present somewhere along the pipe.
   他猜疑管道里什么地方漏了。

用作动词 (v.)

1. He presented quite a new view of the affair.
   他对那件事提出了相当新的看法。
2. We should like to present some suggestions which would help settle the question.
   我们愿提出一些建议，可能有助于解决这个问题。
3. They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
   他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
4. The whole village presented a face placid.
   整个村庄呈现出一片宁静。
5. The ships in the bay present a beautiful sight.
   海湾内的船舶呈现一派美丽的景致。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The present situation is foreign to me.
   我对目前的形势不熟悉。
2. It is well known that he is the master of the present situation.
   众所周知,他是目前局势的控制者。
3. He judged the present situation badly.
   他很糟糕地错估了当前形势。
4. This is the present situation of world affairs.
   这是目前世界的形势。
5. The present wave of strikes stems from discontent among the lower-paid.
   当前的罢工浪潮起因于低工资雇员的不满情绪。
6. What are the issues facing the workers at the present time?
   当前工人们面临的问题是什么呢?
7. If certain factors limit present investment in industry, this is even more true for agriculture.
   如果说某些因素限制了目前对工业的投资,那么对农业更是如此。
8. They established their present working methods by a process of trial and error.
   他们经过反复试验确立了目前的操作方法。
9. I propose that a provisional national assembly be held to meet the present emergency.
   为应付当前的紧急状况,我提议召开临时国民会议。
10. She was too angry at the present moment to listen to reason.
    此刻她正在气头上,根本就听不进理智的劝告。
11. When is my pay going to be increased from its present rate?
    什么时候我现在的工资才能增加呢?
12. The present contract can't ensure you a job.
    现在这合同保证不了你有工作。
13. I'm feeling rather frustrated in my present job; I need a change.
    我感到现在做得很不顺心,需要换一换工作。
14. Your present behaviour cancels out any past help you gave us.
    你现在的行为抵消掉了过去你给我们的任何帮助。
15. We have all agreed that the present proposal is a good one.
    我们都认为这个正在讨论的建议很好。
16. The present proposal will be accepted upon the following conditions.
    这项正在讨论的提案将按下列条件予以采纳。
17. We hesitated to accept the present proposal.
    我们对是否接受这一正在讨论的建议犹豫不决。

n. +～

1. The men present were his supporters.
   出席的人是他的支持者。
2. He answered all the questions with a readiness that startled everyone present.
   他敏捷地回答了所有问题使在座的每个人为之震惊。
3. He read the story aloud for everybody present to hear.
   他朗读这篇小说给在场的人听。
4. He was the only Englishman present.
   他是在场的唯一的英国人。
5. What he said deeply affected the people present.
   他说的话深深地感动了在场的人。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. How many of the group are present today?
   今天该组有多少人出席?
2. All the fashion of the town were present.
   全城名流都到了。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. A good many people were present at the rally.
   许多人参加了集会。
2. All were present at the meeting.
   全都到会了。
3. Many of them were present at the conference.
   他们中的许多人出席了这次会议。
4. How many people were present at the meeting?
   多少人出席了会议?
5. They insisted that he should be present at the meeting.
   他们坚持要他出席这次会议。
6. It so happened that he had to be present at a meeting.
   他碰巧得去参加一个会议。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Writers of history books often attempt to integrate the past with the present.
   写历史书的人总是力图把过去与现在联系起来。
2. The children were delighted with the presents.
   孩子们得到礼物都很高兴。
3. The present to the boy is conditioned on his good marks.
   那孩子得到礼物的条件是取得好成绩。
4. He accepted the present with hearty thanks.
   他衷心感激地接受了这件礼物。
5. He gave me a handsome present.
   他给我一份很好的礼物。
6. We clubbed together to buy her a present.
   我们凑钱给她买了一件礼物。
7. We chose a Christmas present for her.
   我们为她挑选了一件圣诞礼物。
8. We chose her a nice birthday present.
   我们给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
9. We lump all our money together to buy our teacher a present.
   我们把所有的钱放在一起去给我们的老师买件礼物。
10. He got a splendid present for her.
    他送她一件极好的礼物。
11. The children band together to buy a present for their teacher.
    孩子们合起来为他们的老师买了件礼物。
12. Please accept the diamond ring as a present.
    请把这枚钻戒作为一件礼物收下。
13. He refused to accept any present.
    他不接受任何礼物。
14. Father's birthday present was hidden in the kitchen cupboard.
    送给爸爸的生日礼物藏在厨房的碗橱里。
15. Jane let out where she had hidden her father's birthday present.
    简无意中把藏着给父亲的生日礼物的地方说了出去。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The question naturally presented itself in my mind.
   我的脑海中自然而然地出现了这个问题。
2. The question presented itself for our attention.
   这问题引起了我们的注意。
3. A good opportunity has presented itself for doing what you suggested.
   要是按你的建议办,现在有个好机会了。
4. She presents her idea very clearly.
   她把自己的观点表达得十分清楚。
5. The book presents a faithful account of the event.
   这本书忠实地描述了这一事件。
6. He presented himself for an examination.
   他参加了考试。
7. He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.
   他在医院接受体检。
8. Miss Smith, may I present Mr. Brown?
   史密斯小姐,让我把布朗先生引荐给你好吗?
1
9. The characters in the book are vividly presented.
   这本书里的人物写得栩栩如生。
10. I was presented with a new dictionary.
    别人给我送了本新词典。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. Michael presented the manager his application.
   迈克尔向经理递交了一份申请报告。

S+～+ n./pron. +to pron./n.

1. You'd better present a bunch of flowers to her.
   你最好送束花给她。
1
2. A book list was presented to the dean.
   送了一份书单给系主任。

经典引文

• There is no past and future, only a sort of eternal present.

  出自： U. Le Guin

• The next part brought the story to the present.

  出自： E. Leonard

• Maybe he'd be saying he loved her, bringing her flowers, buying her presents.

  出自： R. Ingalls

• Jon was present at the next meeting.

  出自： A. Davis

• I had not wanted him to be present when I introduced Hal and Cora.

  出自： C. McWilliam

• An aunt in London..was going to present her at court.

  出自： P. Mortimer

• After completing high school, Emily was presented to Boston society.

  出自： L. Gordon

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

on present form

基于某人先前的行为 based on sb's previous actions

the present day

当今 the present age

用作名词 (n.)

at present

目前,现在 at this time

for the present

目前,现在; 暂时,暂且 at present

make a present of

赠送 give

用作动词 (v.)

present to (v.+prep.)

向…介绍… introduce to
present sb to sb
Allow me to present my former teacher to you.

请允许我向你们介绍我以前的老师。
He presented the guests to each other.

他介绍客人们互相认识。
The new employees were presented to the rest of the staff.

新雇员被介绍给其余职员。
The ambassador was presented to the president.

大使被总统召见。
He had the honour of being presented to the chairman in the office.

他有幸在办公室被主席召见。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• present continuous tense 现在进行时
• present case 此际,当下,在目前情况下
• present participle 现在分词
• present tense 现在时
• present time 现在
• present writer 本作者,笔者
• the present address 现住址
• the present chairman 现任主席
• the present government 现政府
• the present king 现任国王
• the present situation 当前的形势

～+介词

• present at 出席(会议),是…的见证人
• present to 出现在…上
• present to mind 放在心上,记忆犹新
• present to party 参加那个晚会

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• represent present 描绘现在
• sacrifice present 牺牲现在
• accept present 接受礼物
• accept as present 作为礼品接受
• bring sb present 给某人带来礼物
• buy sb present 给某人买礼品
• decline present 谢绝礼品
• deliver present to sb 交给某人礼品
• exchange present 互赠礼物,交换礼品
• get present 得到一件礼物
• give sb present 给某人礼品,给某人赠送礼物
• receive present 收到礼品
• make sb present 赠送某人礼物
• make sb present of book 赠给某人一本书
• offer sb present 给某人礼品
• present sb with a present 向某人赠送礼物
• receive present 接到礼物
• send sb present 给某人送礼物
• take present 接受礼物
• welcome present 对礼物表示欢迎

形容词+～

• historical present 历史上的现在
• immediate present 目前
• acceptable present 可接受的礼物
• anniversary present 周年纪念礼物
• beautiful present 好看的礼物
• excellent present 漂亮的礼品,很好的礼物
• expensive present 贵重的礼物
• free present 免费赠品
• good present 好的礼物
• interesting present 有趣的礼品
• little present 区区薄礼
• lovely present 漂亮的礼品,使人喜欢的礼物
• official present 正式赠送的礼品
• parting present 临别赠品
• pleasant present 美好的礼品
• practical present 实用的礼物
• precious present 珍贵的礼物
• small present 小礼物
• valuable present 宝贵的礼物
• wonderful present 很好的礼品

名词+～

• birthday present 生日礼物
• Christmas present 圣诞礼物
• farewell present 临别赠品
• graduation present 毕业礼物
• wedding present 结婚礼物

介词+～

• at present 目前,现在
• for present 目前,暂时
• in present 现在式
• until present 到目前为止,至今
• up to present 到目前为止,至今

～+介词

• present for 给…的礼物
• present from university 大学校方的礼品

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• present a faithful account of the event 忠实地描述了这一事件
• present sb's idea 表达某人的观点

～+副词

• present adequately 充分地介绍
• present aimlessly 无目的地介绍
• present appropriately 适当地介绍
• present brazenly 厚颜无耻地交给
• present carefully 仔细介绍
• present casually 偶尔出现
• present conditionally 有条件地出席
• present consciously 自觉地介绍
• present cordially 真心诚意地介绍
• present curtly 三言两语地介绍
• present directly 直接交给
• present formally 正式出现
• present handsomely 大方地介绍
• present humbly 谦恭地介绍
• present listlessly 无精打采地出席
• present modestly 合适地介绍
• present necessarily 必要地介绍
• present parenthetically 附带介绍
• present passively 被动地出席
• present philosophically 冷静地介绍
• present reasonably 有理地介绍
• present reluctantly 不情愿地介绍
• present unanimously 一致出席
• present unflaggingly 悄悄地介绍

～+介词

• present an award to sb 给某人颁奖
• present sb with 把…赠送给某人

词语用法

1. at present，for the present都属于固定搭配格式，不能修改成at the present，in present等其他格式。前者指“现在”，后者指“暂时”；
2. at present同presently意思不同，但前者常用于现在时，表示“目前”，后者则常用于将来时，表示“一会儿”；
3. present和gift的比较：present指“礼物”，但gift可以不是“礼物”。Birthday/Christmas gift中，gift属于礼物。在别人需要而将东西送给他时，如一本旧书或是把书捐给图书馆，都属于gift，但不算送“礼”；
4. 表示“把…送给（某人)”的几种说法：

   He presented a book to her.
   值得注意的是，present 作动词时，很少有双宾语。

5. present作形容词时，常用于名词后，指“出席的”。

   There are other people present.
   还有其他人出席。

adj. (形容词)

1. present作形容词表示“出席的,到场的”“存在的,含有的”时在句中主要用作表语,偶尔用作定语,一般须后置。表示“现在的,目前的,现行的”“正在处理或讨论中的”时只用作前置定语。
2. present无比较级和最高级。

n. (名词)

1. present用作“现在,目前”解时,通常与定冠词the连用,只用作单数名词。
2. present作“礼物”解时,一般指亲友间互送的“礼物”或“赠品”,多是出于好意、礼貌或尊敬等而予以赠送,并不一定期望报答或回赠。是可数名词。

v. (动词)

1. present的基本意思是“出现”,指人时多指“到场”“出席”,指物或事物时则指“显示”。多接反身代词作宾语。
2. present也可作“介绍”“引见”解,多用于涉及的人地位高低不等的场合。
3. present可作“赠送,给予”解,此时多接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词to的宾语。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

be present, attend

• 这两者均可译为“出席”。二者的区别是：attend强调的是过程, be present强调的是状态。例如:
• I attended a meeting this morning.
• 今天上午我参加了一个会议。
• He was present at the scene.
• 他当时在场。

n. (名词)

at present, for the present

• 这两个短语常可互换使用,但含义并不完全相同。at present指说话的当时; 而for the present则指短时间之内。试比较：
• He can't come at present.
• 他目前不能来。(只指目前)
• He can't come for the present.
• 他暂时不能来。(过一会可能来)

present, gift

• 这两个词的共同意思是“礼物”。其区别是：
• 1.gift常指贵重的礼品,可以是具体的,也可以是抽象的东西; present则往往指一般的具体的礼物,价值可高可低。
• 2.赠送gift往往被看作慷慨的行为; 而赠送present则往往出于好心、礼貌、尊敬等。
• 3.gift多指送给团体、机构或个人的礼品,一般没有回赠; present则多指送给亲友的礼品,往往有回赠。例如:
• The company makes a yearly gift to the Fund.这家公司一年一度向该基金会捐赠。
• We bought a wedding present for John.我们给约翰买了一件结婚礼物。
• 4.gift是比较正式的用语; present则多用于非正式场合。
• 5.gift的主体的身份可高于客体,也可低于客体,而present的主体的身份一般都低于客体或与客体相当。

v. (动词)

present, introduce

• 这两个词都有“介绍”的意思。其区别在于:
• 1.introduce的客体可以是人或物,而present的客体则只能是人。例如:
• Let me introduce a new method of work to you.让我向你们介绍一种新的工作方法。
• The new employees were presented to the rest of the staff.新雇员被介绍给其余职员。
• 2.introduce适用于涉及的人在地位上彼此平等的场合; present则适用于涉及的人地位高低不等的场合。例如:
• He introduced the guests to each other.他介绍客人们互相认识。
• Freshmen are presented to the president of the college.一年级学生被介绍给学院院长。

present, offer, prefer, proffer, tender

• 这组词都可表示“提出”。它们之间的区别是：
• 1.present特指通过礼仪形式或彬彬有礼的行为向对方提供考虑、选择或认可的服务、建议或物品。
• 2.offer是最基本、最常用的词,表示主动奉献某物或提出别人可能接受或拒绝的建议、意见、职务等。例如:
• The teacher offered a few ideas to improve the plan.老师提出了几点改进计划的意见。
• She offered to help me to learn English.她提出要帮我学英语。
• 3.proffer强调因慷慨所产生的自愿奉献行为,是较正式用语。例如:
• Many people proffered blood and skin for the badly burnt worker.很多人要求为那个严重烧伤的工人献血献皮。
• 4.tender专指在公务上或法律上呈请正式批准,作一般用法时,强调温和有礼。例如:
• She tendered him her resignation.她向他提交了辞呈。
• 5.prefer只用在19世纪的英语中或某些法律场合才表示“提出”。例如:
• The police preferred a charge against the motorist.警方控告那个汽车司机。
• Will the police prefer charges against the boys or just give them a warning?警方会控告那些男孩吗?还是只给他们一个警告?

present, award, confer, give, grant

• 这组词都有“给予”的意思。其区别是：
• give是最普通用语。present较正式,指以一定的形式或程序赠给,并暗示所给的物有一定的价值。例如:
• When Mr. Brown left the firm, the director presented a gold watch to him.布朗先生离开这家公司时,董事长送给他一只金表。
• grant指依照对方的希望或要求给予,有权者以正式手续给予。例如:
• They have been granted permission to pull down the old theatre.他们已获准拆除这座旧戏院。
• award指有充分理由给予奖赏。例如:
• She's been awarded a scholarship to study at Oxford University.她获得了去牛津大学念书的奖学金。
• confer指地位较高者把名誉或地位授予较低者。例如:
• An honorary degree was conferred on him by the university.这所大学授予他荣誉学位。

下面的句子意思不同：

• He presented a pistol to me.
• 他送了我一支手枪。
• He presented a pistol at me.
• 他拿手枪对着我。

下面的句子意思相同：

• He presented me a book.
• He presented a book to me.
• He presented me with a book.
• 他送我一本书。

modern，contemporary，current，recent，present，up-to-date

• 这些形容词均有“现代的、当代的”之意。
• modern指现代或近代，时期可长可短；也可指新颖、时髦的。
• contemporary仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代，但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代。
• current指目前存在和发生的。
• recent表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的人或物而定。
• present是这些词中语气最强的一个。指现在正发生、起作用的。
• up-to-date一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。

offer，present，propose，volunteer

• 这些动词均含“提出、提供”之意。
• offer最普通用词，多指主动提出或提供意见或东西等，但是否接受由对方自行决定。
• present既可指提出意见、建议等，又可指拿出某物供人欣赏或赠送。
• propose指直接而主动地提出问题或建议等，也指在讨论或争辨中提出具体意见或建议。
• volunteer与offer同义，侧重出于自愿，而不是奉命做某事。

常见错误

adj. (形容词)

1. 她昨天没有出席会议。

   误 She was not present for the meeting yesterday.

   正 She was not present at the meeting yesterday.

   析 表示“出席会议”,应该说 be present at the meeting。

2. 他是唯一在场的英国人。

   误 He was the only present Englishman.

   正 He was the only Englishman present.

   析 形容词present作“在场”“出席”解时,如果修饰名词作定语,一般要放在名词之后。

3. 现在中国的形势非常好。

   误 The situation in the present China is very good.

   正 The present situation in China is very good.

   析 中国只有一个,不是“暂时的”事物,故不可说the present China。

n. (名词)

1. 目前我一本词典也没有。

   误 I have not any dictionary at the present.

   正 I have not any dictionary at present.

2. 我们厂现在有2000名工人。

   误 At present day there are two thousand workers in our factory.

   正 At the present day there are two thousand workers in our factory.

   析 表示“目前”,应该说at present,这是固定短语,其中present前没有定冠词。但当present后还有其他名词时, present前就须加定冠词,此时的present是形容词。

3. 暂时我们最好什么也不做。

   误 For present we had better do nothing.

   正 For the present we had better do nothing.

   析 说“暂时”,用for the present, present前必须有the。

4. 这块表是我父母送我的生日礼物。

   误 This watch is a birthday present of my parents.

   正 This watch is a birthday present from my parents.

   析 “ 由某人处收到的礼物”用a present from sb,其中的from不能换作of,因为of含有“所有权”的意味,误句应译为“这表是我父母的生日礼物”。

v. (动词)

1. 总统为获奖者颁奖。

   误 The President presented the prize winners the prizes.

   正 The President presented the prize winners with the prizes.

   析 作“授予”解时不用于present sb sth 结构,须用present sb with sth 结构。

词源解说

• ☆ 1300年左右进入英语，直接源自古法语的present；最初源自拉丁语的prsentem，意为当前，迅速。

近反义词

【近义词】

• at hand
• attending
• current
• here
• immediate
• near
• ready
• there
• to
• hand
• favour
• gift
• offering
• award
• donate
• give
• offer
• pose
• state

【反义词】

• absent
• out-of-date
• past
• take