absence

英 ['æbsəns] 美 ['æbsəns]

• n. 缺席；缺乏

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U][C]缺席; 不在

   the fact of sb being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when sb is away

2. [C]不存在; 缺乏

   the fact of sb/sth not existing or not being available; non-existence; lack

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 缺席，不在，缺勤，不在这里，不在场
2. 缺乏，缺少
3. 心不在焉
4. 不注意
5. 外出，离开，在外
6. 失踪
7. 失掉，丧失
8. 无，不存在，没有
9. 不在场的次数或时间，不在的时间

英英释义

Noun:

1. the state of being absent;

   "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
   

2. failure to be present

3. the time interval during which something or somebody is away;

   "he visited during my absence"
   

4. the occurrence of an abrupt, transient loss or impairment of consciousness (which is not subsequently remembered), sometimes with light twitching, fluttering eyelids, etc.; common in petit mal epilepsy

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. His long absence raised fears about his safety.
   他长期不在引起了大家对他的安全的担心。
2. What was the real reason for your absence?
   你缺席的真正原因是什么？
3. We are in the absence of experience.
   我们缺乏经验。
4. The absence of color in that drawing make it dull.
   那幅画因没有着色而显得晦暗。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Absence increased as a result of the spread of the disease.
   由于疾病的蔓延,缺席人数增加了。
2. Absence diminished as the new regulations are enforced.
   由于执行了新规章,缺席情况减少了。
3. Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of their homeland.
   华侨离乡背井,远居海外,因此他们在感情上越来越向往故乡。
4. His frequent and prolonged absences were making his wife suspicious.
   他频繁且长时间的不在家引起了妻子的怀疑。
5. Her husband's absence increased the weight on her shoulders.
   丈夫不在,加重了她肩上的担子。
6. He didn't notice your absence.
   他没有发现你缺席。
7. He made up a story to explain his absence.
   他编造谎言为他的缺席开脱。
8. Nobody could explain his absence.
   没有人能解释他缺席的原因。
9. I was much disappointed at his absence.
   他不在,我很失望。
10. His illness accounts for his absence.
    他因为生病,所以才缺席。
11. He went to the dean to ask for a two-day leave of absence.
    他找系主任想请两天假。
12. He has got leave of absence for a week.
    他已请准一周的假。
13. It is not John's intention to take advantage of her absence.
    约翰不想趁她不在时搞什么名堂。
14. We are concerned about your child's frequent absences.
    你的孩子频繁缺课使我们很担心。
15. After a long absence, he has returned to doing TV work.
    他长期没有露面,现在又回来做电视工作了。
16. You were conspicuous by your absence yesterday.
    你昨天因缺席而引人注意。
17. Behave yourself during my absence.
    我不在时要规矩点。
18. Please act for me during my absence.
    我不在时,请充当我的全权代表。
19. They remained in their seats during my absence.
    我离席时他们仍呆在自己的座位上。
20. Please look after my office during my absence at home.
    我没上班呆在家中时,请照料一下我的办公室。
21. Caroline will be in charge of the office during my absence.
    我不在的时候,办公室由卡罗琳负责。
22. A new manager was appointed during your absence.
    你不在的时候任命了一位新经理。
23. A stranger brought you this letter during your absence.
    你不在时，一个陌生人给你捎来了这封信。
24. We did not receive any news during his long absence.
    我们在他长期离开的时候没有得到一点消息。
25. She returned from a day's absence.
    她离开一天后回来了。
26. A good many of the degrees were conferred in absence.
    很多学位都是缺席授予的。
27. I am on leave of absence.
    我正在休假。
28. Many families today were conscious of absences.
    如今许多家庭都觉得少了人。
29. The apparent cause of his absence was a bad cold.
    他缺席的原因表面上看来是重感冒。

～+ prep. -phrase

1. He explained his silence by his absence at the battlefront.
   他说,他之所以那时没有表态是因为他不在场,到前线去了。
2. It happened during his absence for business in London.
   这件事是他去伦敦出差期间发生的。
3. Ade's constant absences from work made his boss very angry.
   艾德经常旷工使他的老板很生气。
4. His long illness and consequent absence from school delayed his progress of study.
   他长时间生病以及随后的缺课耽搁了他的学业。
5. His absences from work caused trouble.
   他多次缺勤引起了麻烦。
6. His several absences from class worried his teacher.
   他几次缺课使他的老师很担心。
7. They discovered that absence from each other left a painful void.
   他们发觉彼此不能相见使人感到惆怅。
8. There were 140 absences from school today.
   今天学校有140人缺勤。
9. Only then had I found his absence from London.
   只是那时我才发现他不在伦敦。
10. He's noted for his frequent absences from work.
    他经常旷工是出了名的。
11. Absence of mind may have bad results.
    心不在焉可能会产生恶果。
12. Absence of sunlight caused the plants to die.
    阳光不足导致植物枯死。
13. The absence of sunlight made it difficult to take good pictures.
    没有日光很难把照片拍好。
14. The absence of electricity made matters worse.
    停电使事情变得更糟了。
15. The teacher marked the absence of the students.
    老师记录了学生的缺席情况。
16. He noticed the absence of illustrations in that dictionary.
    他发现那本词典里没有插图。
17. He shows an absence of initiative.
    他表现得不主动。
18. She took a year's leave of absence from her job.
    她休了一年假。
19. He returns to the England team after a long absence from international football.
    他在离开国际足坛很长一段时间之后重返英格兰队。
20. He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week's absence from school.
    他离校一个多星期以后,回校之心甚切。
21. You have a lame excuse for your absence from classes yesterday.
    你昨天缺课的理由是站不住脚的。
22. He could not account for his absence from classes.
    他说不出缺课的原因。
23. She has had repeated absences from work this year.
    她今年屡次旷工。
24. We noticed his frequent absence from the job.
    我们注意到,他常常旷工。
25. Owing to his absences from work, they will deduct his bonus from his pay.
    因为多次旷工,他们将从工资中扣除他的资金。
26. He returned home after an absence of two years.
    离别两年之后,他又回到了家里。
27. She seemed pale from the absence of all cosmetics.
    因为没抹一点脂粉,她看上去面色苍白。
28. She told the story with a complete absence of any humor.
    她毫无幽默感地讲了这个故事。
29. The police are worried about the absence of proof in case of any other explanation.
    警方担心案子缺乏证据。
30. Absolute liberty is absence of restraint.
    绝对的自由就是无约束。
31. A major problem is the absence of water.
    主要的问题是缺水。
32. Darkness is the absence of light.
    黑暗就是没有光亮。

经典引文

• I was..sentenced to death in my absence, so I said they could shoot me in my absence.

  出自： B. Behan

• Her absences..were spent in mysterious ploys of her own.

  出自： B. Pym

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

in sb's absence

当某人不在时while sb is not there

in the absence of

缺乏,不存在 the fact of sb/sth not existing or not being available; a lack of sth

词汇搭配

• absence of mind 心不在焉
• absence without leave 旷职(无故缺席)...
• absence of nose 鼻缺失
• absence of uterus 子宫缺失
• absence test [计] 缺席测试, ...
• absence debtor 失踪债务人
• Congenital absence 先天性缺失
• code absence 缺码, 无码
• absence rate 缺勤率
• absence of uvula 悬雍垂缺失
• absence of penis 阴茎缺失
• absence of restrictions 无约束
• absence of urethra 尿道缺失
• deadlock absence 死锁消除
• leave of absence 休假
• in the absence of 在 ... 不在场的...
• Salt water and absence wash away love. [谚]远航久别恩情疏...
• conspicuous by one's absence 因缺席而引人注目...
• in sb's absence 在某人不在时, 在某...

词语用法

1. absence from意为“不在……地方”，而absence in 则意为“在……地方”，如absence from Shanghai意为“不在上海”，absence in Shanghai则意为“在上海”，同时还有“不在它处而在上海”之意；
2. 涉及不会动的的东西时，absence in ...意为“不在……里”或“在……里没有”，如the absence of this word in that dictionary 意为“这词不在那字典里”，惯用in而不是from。

n. (名词)

1. absence的基本意思是某人“缺席; 离开; 不在场”,通常指该在而“不在”。指“不在”或“缺席”这一事实时是不可数名词; 指“不在场的次数或时间”时是可数名词,有复数形式。引申可表示某人、某物或某事“缺乏”或者“不存在”,即不具有应具备或想要的东西。
2. absence 接介词 from表示“离开某地,不在某地”; 接介词 at 或 in表示“不在某地而在他处”; 接介词of表示某人、某物或者某事物“缺乏”或者“不存在”。而in absence意为“在缺乏或不存在的情况下”; in sb's absence意为“当某人不在时,在某人离开时”; in the absence of则意为“在缺少…时”。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

absence, lack, shortage, want

• 这组词都有“缺乏”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.从内容上说:absence指在某一特定的场合应具备或想要的某一事物或事实; lack指应具备或需要的东西; shortage指按规定应具备或需要的数量; want则指缺少必不可少的东西,尤指为一整体的完美所必须具备的东西。
• 2.从程度上说:absence指根本就不存在; lack指完全没有或不够充足; shortage指部分短缺或开始减少; want则指缺少。
• 3.从用法上说:absence, lack和want都是不可数名词,间或可加不定冠词; 而shortage可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词。

下面各组中的短语意思不同:

• in sb's absence
• 在某人不在的情况下
• during sb's absence
• 在某人不在期间
• in the absence of a chairman
• 缺少主席(实际上没有主席)
• in the absence of the chairman
• 主席不在场的

lack，want，absence，shortage，scarcity

• 这些名词均含“缺乏，不足”之意。
• lack普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。
• want指完全或短缺某物，侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。
• absence指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。
• shortage指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。
• scarcity指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的absence，意为离开；最初源自拉丁语的absens，意为不在场，离开。

近反义词

【近义词】

• nonappearance
• not being present
• defect
• deficiency
• lack
• nonexistence
• privation
• scarcity
• shortage
• unavailability
• want

【反义词】

• appearance
• attendance
• presence
• adequacy
• existence
• sufficiency
• surfeit