rough

英 [rʌf] 美 [rʌf]

• adj. 粗糙的；粗略的，大概的；粗暴的；艰难的；讨厌的；不适的；汹涌的
• adv. 粗糙地；粗暴地
• n. 粗制品；暴徒；高低不平的路面
• vt. 使粗糙；殴打；草拟

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 粗糙的

   having an uneven surface; not smooth

2. 粗野的,粗暴的

   showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, orconsideration etc.

3. 混乱的,暴乱的,喧闹的

   not gentle or tuneful

4. 艰难的,不愉快的

   unfortunate and unfair; unwell

5. 粗略的,大致的

   done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate

6. 未加工的,粗制的

   not delicate or comfortable; simple

7. 狂暴的,汹涌的

   stormy and violent; not calm

adv. (副词)

1. 简陋地

   in uncomfortable condition

2. 粗暴地

   using force

3. 大致地

   not in a gentle way

v. (动词)

1. vt. 使粗糙

   make untidy or uneven

2. vt. 过简陋的生活

   live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 粗糙的，表面不平的
2. 粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
3. 狂暴的，汹涌的
4. 艰难的
5. 粗略的，不够精细的，粗陋的
6. 剧烈的
7. 蓬乱的
8. 需要体力的
9. 烈性的
10. 令人不快的
11. 刺耳的
12. 朴实简单的
13. 毛茸茸的
14. 高低不平的，崎岖的

adv. 副词

1. 粗暴地，粗鲁地，粗野地
2. 粗糙地
3. 简朴地
4. 粗略地

n. 名词

1. 草图，草样，草稿
2. 深草区
3. 未加工状态
4. <主英>暴徒，粗暴的人，粗野的人
5. 高低不平的地面，崎岖不平的地面
6. 艰难，苦难
7. 粗糙的东西，粗制品
8. 防滑钉
9. 【高尔夫】障碍区域
10. 虐待
11. 粗矿

v. 动词

1. 弄粗，弄粗糙，使粗糙，使不平
2. 殴打，粗暴对待，虐待，粗鲁行事
3. 使蓬乱
4. 弄成崎岖不平
5. 弄成乱七八糟，搅乱
6. 草草作成，粗制，制…的毛坯
7. 使略具雏形
8. 装防滑钉
9. 讲粗鲁话，粗暴地说
10. 惹怒，使发脾气
11. 写概略，拟定大体的计划
12. 暂时过艰苦的生活，渡过暂时的难关
13. 画...的轮廓
14. 粗暴对待，在橄榄球等运动中对对方队员采取粗暴行动

英英释义

Noun:

1. the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

Adjective:

1. having or caused by an irregular surface;

   "trees with rough bark"
   "rough ground"
   "rough skin"
   "rough blankets"
   "his unsmooth face"
   

2. (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse;

   "she was a diamond in the rough"
   "rough manners"
   

3. not quite exact or correct;

   "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"
   "a rough guess"
   "a ballpark estimate"
   

4. full of hardship or trials;

   "the rocky road to success"
   "they were having a rough time"
   

5. violently agitated and turbulent;

   "boisterous winds and waves"
   "the fierce thunders roar me their music"
   "rough weather"
   "rough seas"
   

6. unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound;

   "a gravelly voice"
   

7. ready and able to resort to force or violence;

   "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"
   "they were rough and determined fighting men"
   

8. of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped

9. causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements;

   "a rough ride"
   

10. not shaped by cutting or trimming;

    "an uncut diamond"
    "rough gemstones"
    

11. not carefully or expertly made;

    "managed to make a crude splint"
    "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"
    "rough carpentry"
    

12. not perfected;

    "a rough draft"
    "a few rough sketches"
    

13. unpleasantly stern;

    "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"
    "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
    

14. unkind or cruel or uncivil;

    "had harsh words"
    "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"
    "a rough answer"
    

Adverb:

1. with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly');

   "he was pushed roughly aside"
   "they treated him rough"
   

2. with rough motion as over a rough surface;

   "ride rough"
   

Verb:

1. prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The rough road made the car vibrate.
   崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。
2. You'd better give us a rough idea of your price.
   您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。
3. It is only a rough guide to ideal weight.
   这只是一个实现理想体重的粗略的办法。
4. They complained rough handling by the police.
   他们抱怨受到警察粗野的对待。
5. I feel a bit rough--I'm going to bed.
   我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. He is now able to play rough and tumble with the other kids.
   现在他可以粗暴地摔倒其他孩子了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. I think that new singer is a diamond in the rough.
   我觉得那个新歌手是块未经雕琢的玉。
2. Write it in rough and then copy it.
   先起草再誊写。
3. We only saw the new painting in the rough.
   我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. Micro-exfoliators help slough away rough, dull, uneven skin for a more radiant complexion.
   细腻的磨砂颗粒帮助去除被溶解的角质，使粗糙晦暗不均匀的皮肤重现柔嫩和光泽。
2. The gang decided to rough him up,as a warning to others.
   暴徒们决定揍他一顿，作为对别人的警告。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The cat had a rough tongue.
   猫的舌头表面很粗糙。
2. They knocked together a rough box with wooden boards.
   他们用木板草草地做成了一个粗糙的箱子。
3. He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
   他拿了钉子和木头,做了一个粗糙的食品橱。
4. In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.
   黑夜里我们的吉普车在崎岖的山路上颠簸。
5. The Poet's rough life contrasts with his sensitive poetry.
   这个诗人的豪放生活与他缠绵悱恻的诗篇形成鲜明的对照。
6. We had rather a rough time.
   我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。
7. It is a rough idea.
   那仅仅是个初步的想法。
8. It's just a rough drawing.
   这只是一张草图。
9. It was a rough but plentiful dinner with a rough country wine.
   这尽管是一顿粗茶淡饭,但很丰盛,而且还辅以乡间酿制的土酒。
10. It's just a very rough translation.
    这只是一个非常粗糙的译稿。
11. If you give me the rough draft of your article I'll lick it into shape for you.
    如果你愿把文章的草稿给我,我会为你把它修改得像样一些的。
12. He files away the rough edges.
    他把粗毛边锉去。
13. He wears a rough linen shirt and white short pants.
    他穿着粗亚麻布衬衣和白色短裤。
14. As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.
    这块宝石未经琢磨,他不知道加工后有多大。
15. The ship-wrecked sailors were able to fit a rough shelter together from building materials that they found on the island.
    这些落难的水手在岛上找到一些建筑材料搭了一个简陋的房子。
16. Would it be wise to launch into this rough sea?
    到这样汹涌的大海中游泳明智吗?
17. The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea.
    船被巨浪颠簸得很厉害。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. This paper feels rough.
   这纸摸起来是粗糙的。
2. I think Jones has tended to get just a little rough.
   我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。
3. His reply was a bit rough.
   他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。
4. Should the weather be rough, we won't be able to go riding.
   万一是狂风暴雨的天气,我们就不能去骑马。
5. The water was rough and, despite our low speed, we were drenched by spray.
   水上风浪很大,尽管我们的航速不快,飞溅的浪花仍湿透了我们的全身。
6. The trip was rough.
   这次旅行很艰苦。
7. Things are rough all over.
   情况非常困难。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. She is rough in speech.
   她说话粗鲁。
2. He is rough in manner.
   他的举止不文雅。
3. It's rather rough on him, having to work when other people are on holiday.
   其他人度假时他得工作,他真倒霉。
4. You've been pretty rough on the children.
   你对孩子的态度太粗暴了。
5. Don't be so rough with the child.
   对小孩不要这样粗暴。
6. Her hands are rough with hard work.
   她的手因干粗活而变得很粗糙。

S+be+～+to- v

1. This paper is too rough to write on.
   这种纸太粗糙,不能写字。

用作副词 (adv.)

用作状语

1. I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.
   在农村我的生活可随便一些。
2. Don't treat him rough.
   不要待他这样无礼。
3. That fellow will cut up rough.
   那个家伙要撒野。
4. The wanderer has to sleep rough.
   这个流浪汉到处为家。
5. He estimated rough that his rate of profit would be ten percent at the outside.
   他大致地估计一下,他的利润最多不过10%。
6. The coach chews out rough lazy players who slept for the whole morning.
   教练狠狠地指责了那些睡了一个上午的懒队员。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Don't rough my hair.
   别弄乱我的头发。
2. The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.
   那些探险家进入丛林后,不得不过着艰苦的生活。
3. Living in a tent is not for me,I don't like roughing it.
   住在帐篷里不合适,我不喜欢过艰苦的生活。
1
4. Satin is very easily roughed.
   缎子很容易起毛。

经典引文

• O'er rough and smooth she trips along.

  出自： Wordsworth

• The rough granite surface of the column.

  出自： G. Vidal

• I felt its rough lip against my bare arm.

  出自： G. Swift

• The hurricane roughs up the straw on..the ricks.

  出自： R. Jefferies

• If he roughed my suit, so much the better: I intend to rough his.

  出自： E. Childers

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

give the rough side of one's tongue

对某人说出不客气的话 show a lack of gentleness, good manners to sb
give sb the rough side of one's tongue
I had to give him the rough side of my tongue to show my indignation.

我不得不狠狠地骂他一顿来出这口气。

用作副词 (adv.)

play rough

粗暴地做 do sth in the way that is not in a gentle way; do sth in the way that used force

用作动词 (v.)

rough in (v.+adv.)

画…的轮廓 put in a few practice lines in a drawing
rough sth ⇔ in
I'll just rough in the shape of the head and you can paint the sky round it.

我先把头像的轮廓画出来,你再给周围的天空涂色。

rough out (v.+adv.)

作出,写出 make a first plan of a drawing or piece of writing
rough sth ⇔ out
I'll just rough out the whole picture and you can do the details.

这幅画让我先大致画出整个布局,你再加上细节。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• rough road 崎岖的道路
• rough sea 狂暴的大海
• rough time 辛酸时期
• rough weather 恶劣的天气

～+介词

• rough on 对…粗暴的

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• rough one's hair 弄乱头发

～+副词

• rough curiously 好奇地过简陋的生活
• rough dreadfully 非比寻常地过简陋的生活
• rough extremely 极端地过简陋的生活
• rough pleasantly 愉快地过简陋的生活
• rough stiffly 极度地过简陋的生活
• rough uncomfortably 不自在地过简陋的生活
• rough uncommonly 不平凡地过简陋的生活
• rough in 画…的轮廓
• rough out 作出,写出

词语用法

1. rough与roughen的比较：两者分别都可作及物动词与不及物动词。在表示“变得粗暴”时，一般习惯上多用roughen来表示，不用rough。或者是可以用短语rough up来表示。表示“粗暴地对待”时，一般多用rough，且多与副词in/off/out连用，如rough a horse（殴打马）。名词rough表示“杂草丛生的地区”，take things in the rough与rough it有相同的意思，表示“艰难地生活”。

adj. (形容词)

1. rough指表面看起来或摸上去不平整的东西,用于产品时则表示未经打磨的,还可引申为“(言行)粗野的”“(质量)粗劣的”“(作品)未经润色的”“(处境)艰难的”等意思。
2. rough可用very修饰。

adv. (副词)

1. rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。
2. rough在句中主要用作状语。

v. (动词)

1. rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。引申可表示“过简陋的生活”。
2. rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

rough, coarse, harsh, rude

• 这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：
• 1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如:
• Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。
• Don't be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。
• His manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。
• 2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如:
• It's rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。
• He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。
• All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。
• 3.coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如:
• He is coarse in manner.他举止粗鲁。
• It's a coarse joke.这是个粗俗的玩笑。
• She used to be coarse of speech.她过去说话很粗鲁。
• 4.harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如:
• The colour is very harsh.那颜色很刺眼。
• The cloth is harsh to the touch.这块布料摸上去很粗糙。
• The noise is harsh to the ear.那噪声很刺耳。
• The surface of the table is very harsh.那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。

rough，coarse，harsh，rude，crude

• 这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。
• rough普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。
• coarse指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。
• harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。
• rude指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。
• crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。

常见错误

adj. (形容词)

1. 他们用那种粗暴无礼的态度顶撞我,我可受不了。

   误 I won't have them answer me back in that rough manner.

   正 I won't have them answer me back in that rude manner.

2. 裁判员警告运动员们不要粗鲁。

   误 The referee warned the players not to be so rude.

   正 The referee warned the players not to be so rough.

   析 rough强调粗鲁的言行不够文雅; 而rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的ruh，意为不平的，未作的；最初源自西日耳曼语的rukhwaz，意为毛茸茸的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• coarse
• rigorous
• irregular
• violent
• uneven
• unsmooth
• calm
• upset

【反义词】

• smooth
• refined

派生词

v.(动词)

• roughly adv. 粗略地；大体上；大致上; 粗暴地；粗鲁地; 粗略地；粗乱地；随便地