pain

英 [peɪn] 美 [peɪn]

• n. 痛苦；疼痛；辛苦；烦人之人或事
• v. 使 ... 痛苦；痛苦；疼

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U]疼痛; 痛苦

   suffering; great discomfort of body or mind

2. [C]身体某部分的疼痛或不适

   feeling of suffering or discomfort in a particular part of the body

3. [S]令人厌烦的人或事物

   annoying or boring person or thing

4. [P]劳苦,辛劳,烦劳

   trouble; effort

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)疼痛,(使)痛苦

   cause suffering; give pain; (cause to) feel painful

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 痛苦
2. 疼痛
3. 产痛
4. 辛苦
5. 努力
6. 讨厌的人
7. <古>惩罚
8. 悲痛
9. 刻苦
10. 忧虑
11. 烦闷
12. 刑罚
13. 费心
14. 苦心
15. 阵痛
16. 苦恼
17. 烦恼

v. 动词

1. 使痛苦
2. 使烦恼
3. 引起疼痛
4. 感到疼痛
5. 使疼痛
6. 使心痛
7. 使感到痛苦
8. 使难堪
9. 使苦恼
10. 作痛
11. 疼痛
12. 伤害
13. 使痛
14. 使悲痛
15. 觉得痛
16. 使 … 痛苦

英英释义

Noun:

1. a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder;

   "the patient developed severe pain and distension"
   

2. emotional distress; a fundamental feeling that people try to avoid;

   "the pain of loneliness"
   

3. a somatic sensation of acute discomfort;

   "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain"
   

4. a bothersome annoying person;

   "that kid is a terrible pain"
   

5. something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness;

   "washing dishes was a nuisance before we got a dish washer"
   "a bit of a bother"
   "he's not a friend, he's an infliction"
   

Verb:

1. cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed

2. cause emotional anguish or make miserable;

   "It pains me to see my children not being taught well in school"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.
   他的腿断了,遭受了巨大痛苦的折磨。
2. He has a pain in the knee.
   他膝盖酸痛。
3. He spares no efforts to study English.
   他不辞劳苦地学习英语。
4. She's been complaining again she's a real pain!
   她又发牢骚了－－真烦人！

用作动词 (v.)

1. She's pained by her son's conduct.
   她对儿子的行为感到痛心。
2. His feet seem to be insensitive to pain.
   他的脚好像没有疼痛感。
3. Weeping is a normal response to pain.
   哭泣是痛苦的正常反应.

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Her back gives her a lot of pain.
   她背痛得厉害。
2. He was crying with pain after he broke his arm.
   他折断手臂后疼得大叫。
3. Mother has a pain in her chest.
   母亲胸口疼。
4. As Jim leaned to the ground to pick up the pen, he felt a sharp pain in his back.
   吉姆弯腰拾钢笔时,感到后背一阵剧痛。
5. He has pains in the arm.
   他手臂痛。
6. The old patient has shooting pains in the head.
   这位老病人脑部有放射痛。
7. Some patients don't refer to the discomfort of angina as an ache; rather they describe it as sudden sharp pains.
   有些病人不把心绞痛叫做钝痛,而说成阵阵剧痛。
8. The doctor was associated in the child's mind with injections and pains.
   在孩子的脑子里,医生总是使他联想到打针与疼痛。
9. She asked after the aches and pains of all the old people.
   她询问了所有老人的各种病痛。
10. His unkind behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain.
    他那不仁慈的举止使其父母极为伤心。
11. You may save your pains.
    你不必费心。
12. He spared neither pains nor expense.
    他既不辞劳苦也不惜费用。
13. We shall spare no pains to support the oppressed people.
    我们要全力支持被压迫人民。
14. He lavished enormous pains on the choice of every word.
    他选用每个词都煞费苦心,推敲再三。
15. She's a real pain.
    她真是个讨厌的人。
16. You give me a pain.
    你真叫我讨厌。
17. We've missed the last bus—what a pain!
    我们没赶上末班公共汽车——真倒霉!

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+~(+A)

1. My tongue is paining.
   我舌头痛。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Her injured arm pained her sharply.
   她那受伤的手臂使她感到剧烈疼痛。
2. Does your ankle still pain you?
   你的脚踝还痛吗?
3. The child's constant tantrums pained his mother.
   孩子经常发脾气,他母亲感到很烦恼。
4. Such remarks always pained him.
   这些话总是使他痛苦。
5. Your laziness pains your parents.
   你的懒惰使父母很痛苦。
6. It pains me deeply.
   这使我深为痛苦。
1
7. She was pained when you refused her invitation.
   你拒绝接受邀请时她十分痛苦。
8. She looked pained when I refused to help.
   当我拒绝帮助时,她显得很痛苦。

It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +to- v

1. It pained me to see him thinner from illness.
   看到他因病而日渐消瘦,我心里很难受。
2. It pains him to have to go there.
   不得不去那儿使他很烦。

It ～s/ed+ n./pron. +that-clause

1. It pained him that his father talked like that.
   他的父亲那样说使他痛苦。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. He had a pained look.
   他露出痛苦的神情。
2. After they had quarrelled there was a pained silence between them.
   他们吵架后,彼此难堪地一言不发。

经典引文

• The simple reaction..is expressed..psychically as the Principle of following Pleasure and avoiding Pain.

  出自： A. Barratt

• But your arm, my lord...Does it not pain you?

  出自： Sir W. Scott

• Only her mother could cause her to lie..and the act pained her.

  出自： A. Massie

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

a pain in the neck

讨厌或可恶的家伙,使人厌烦的责任 sb/sth that is always a nuisance

be at (great)〔the〕 pains

尽力,用心,下苦功 take much trouble
be at (great) pains to-v
He is at pains to find facts.

他正在努力了解事实真相。
He was at great pains to point out my mistake.

他极力指出我的错误。 be at the pains of v-ing
We are at the pains of quickening our steps.

我们正努力加快步伐。

feel no pain

醉倒 be drunken

for one's pains

作为辛劳的酬报; 费尽苦心的结果 as a response to one's efforts

go to great pains

努力,下工夫 take much trouble
go to great pains to-v
He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was.

他极力指出战争是多么的恐怖。
She went to great pains to see that all her guests were provided with whatever they needed.

她努力确保使每位客人都得到他们各自的需求。

in (great) pain

很疼痛 aching severely

on (the) pain of death

冒受处罚的危险 at the risk of severe punishment

take (great) pains

下工夫,花气力 try hard (to do sth); take much trouble
take (great) pains to-v
He took pains to make me realize my mistake.

他费了很多力气,让我认识到自己的错误。
They took great pains to build up their influence there.

他们花很大气力在那里培植他们的势力。 take (great) pains with sth
Mary took great pains with her English lessons and got high marks.

玛丽在英语课方面狠下了工夫,因而考了高分。

under pain of

如果违反则以…论处 at the risk of suffering (some punishment)

with great pains

费力地 with great efforts

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• aggravate pain 加剧疼痛〔痛苦〕
• allay pain 减轻疼痛〔痛苦〕
• bear pain 忍受痛苦
• cause pain 引起痛苦
• combat pain 与疼痛作斗争
• cry with pain 痛得叫喊
• deaden pain 止痛
• ease pain 减轻痛苦
• endure pain 忍受痛苦
• experience pain 经受痛苦
• feel pain 觉得痛,感到痛苦
• give pain 产生痛苦
• have pain 疼痛
• inflict pain 使受痛苦
• intensify pain 加剧痛苦
• kill pain 解除痛苦
• know pain 了解痛苦
• lull pain 减轻痛苦
• occasion pain 引起疼痛
• reduce pain 减少痛苦
• relievepain 减轻痛苦
• remove pain 消除痛苦
• save pains 不必费心
• share pain 分担痛苦
• show pain 表现出痛苦
• spare no pains 不辞劳苦
• stand pain 忍受疼痛
• suffer pain 遭受痛苦
• take pain 忍受疼痛
• take pains about meals 操心伙食
• undergo pain 经历痛苦

形容词+～

• a lot of pain 非常痛
• accepted pain 可接受的惩罚
• aching pain 疼痛
• bodily pain 肉体的疼痛
• ceaseless pain 无休止的疼痛
• constant pain 持续的疼痛,慢性疼痛
• dull pain 钝痛
• eternal pain 永久的痛苦
• extreme pain 极端的痛苦
• fearful pain 可怕的疼痛
• frightful pain 可怕的疼痛
• great pain 剧烈的疼痛
• helpless pain 无助的痛苦
• hopeless pain 绝望的痛苦
• immediate pain 骤然疼痛
• infinite pain 无限的痛苦
• local pain 局部疼痛
• lonely pain 孤独的痛苦
• mental pain 精神痛苦
• momentary pain 瞬间的疼痛
• mortal pain 致命的疼痛
• mutual pains 共同的努力
• needless pain 不必要的痛苦
• non-stop pain 持续不断的疼痛,疼痛不止
• peculiar pain 特殊的疼痛
• persistent pain 持续的疼痛
• physical pain 肉体的痛苦
• pure pain 单纯的疼痛
• severe pain 剧烈的疼痛
• sharp pain 剧烈的疼痛
• sleepless pain 难眠的痛苦
• slight pain 微痛
• some pain 有点痛
• steady pain 持续的疼痛
• stubborn pain 难以消除的疼痛
• sudden pain 突然发作的疼痛
• tender pain 敏感的疼痛
• terrible pain 可怕的痛苦
• tolerable pain 可忍耐的痛苦
• unbearable pain 难以忍受的痛苦
• violent pain 剧烈的疼痛
• yearning pain 思念的痛苦

名词+～

• back pain 背部疼痛
• chest pain 胸痛

～+名词

• pain killer 止疼药
• pain phosphorus 磷状药

介词+～

• at pains 尽力,下苦功
• for pain 因痛苦而…
• from pain 减轻痛苦
• in pain 在痛苦中
• of pain 疼得…
• on pain (of death) 违则(处死)
• out of pain 结束痛苦
• under pain of 如果违反则以…论处
• with pain 由于疼痛
• with great pains 煞费苦心

～+介词

• pains about 为…操劳
• pain in the back 背痛
• pain in the ear 耳朵痛
• pain in the knees 膝盖痛
• pain in the mouth 嘴痛
• pain in the nose 鼻子痛
• pains of ( v -ing) 刻苦(做…)

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• pain one's parents 使双亲难过

～+副词

• pain acutely 刀割似地疼痛
• pain agonizingly 令人痛苦地疼痛
• pain cruelly 极度痛苦
• pain deeply 深为痛苦
• pain intolerably 令人难忍地疼痛
• pain poignantly 令人心碎地痛苦
• pain sharply 剧烈地疼痛

～+介词

• pain by 为…而感到痛心

词语用法

1. 表示“痛”的时候可用pain，a pain和pains来表示。

   I have pain(s)/a pain in the stomach.

2. 一般情况下，pain大多是作不可数名词，但是在表示“痛的大叫”时，常用单数来表示，用pain。若是表示身体的某个部分的疼痛时，pain多作可数名词，且常与介词in连用；
3. 表示“努力”或“辛劳”时，常以复数形式pains来表示，不过不一定当做复数。

   Great pains have been taken with her education.
   她在教育上作了很大的努力。

4. in pain表示“在苦恼中”，属于固定搭配词组；
5. at pains表示“尽力，用心”，后一般接不定式或that从句。而take pains表示“尽力，煞费苦心”，后一般接不定式或in和动名词或with和名词。

   I have been at some pains to secure the best available texts.
   They are taking great pains in studying English.

6. pained，表示“痛苦的”，如a pained look（一个痛苦的表情），现在基本上表示精神上的痛苦，较少指肉体上的痛苦。

n. (名词)

1. pain的基本意思是“疼痛,痛苦”,可指肉体上的疼痛,也可指精神、感情上的痛苦或悲痛,泛指疼痛时是不可数名词,特指身体某部位疼痛或pain前有形容词修饰时是可数名词。引申可作“劳苦,辛劳,烦劳”“麻烦”解,是可数名词,多用复数形式,用作主语时,其谓语动词也用复数形式。
2. pain前可加不定冠词修饰,疼痛部位可用介词in引出。表示阵阵疼痛或各种疼痛时也可用复数形式。
3. 在口语里pain还可表示“令人厌烦的人或事物”,常用于单数形式。

v. (动词)

1. pain用作动词的意思是“使疼痛”,此为陈旧用法,仅限于书面语体。用于比喻可表示“使痛苦”。
2. pain多接表示人的名词或代词作宾语; pain作“作痛,觉得痛”解时,主语通常为身体的某部分,可用于进行体,表示持续地疼痛。
3. pain表示身体某部位疼痛时不用于被动结构。
4. pain的过去分词pained可用作形容词,主要用来指精神上的痛苦,在句中可用作定语。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

at pains, at the pains

• 这两个短语都可作“努力”“下苦功”解。其区别在于:at pains搭用动词不定式短语,而at the pains则要搭用介词of引起的动名词短语。

for pain, with pain

• 这两个短语都可作“由于疼痛”解。其区别在于:for pain常用在否定句里,而with pain常用在肯定句里。例如:
• I couldn't sleep for pain.我由于疼痛而不能入眠。
• The boy was crying with pain.那男孩疼得在哭泣。

pain, ache, sting, stitch

• 这组词的共同意思是“疼痛”。其区别是：
• 1.pain使用最广泛,可替换本组其他各词。pain所表示的疼痛,可以是全身的,也可以是局部的; 可以是剧烈的,也可以是轻微的; 可以是长时间的,也可以是短暂的; 可以是身体上的,也可以是精神上的。而ache多指局部的、轻微的、持续的身体疼痛,尤指隐痛、闷痛,少指精神上的痛苦。例如“她痛得直叫。”显然是剧烈的、暂时的,故应译为She cried with pain.再如:As the infection developed, the dull ache in his joints became a sharp stabbing pain.由于感染的发展,他关节的隐痛变成了剧烈的刺痛。
• 2.sting指“刺痛”,主要指植物的刺或动物叮蜇所引起的刺痛,也可指精神上所受到的刺激。例如:
• The sting of coral can be very painful.珊瑚刺伤可引起剧痛。
• I still feel the sting of her bitter remarks.她的刻薄话现在仍使我感到痛心。
• 3.stitch特指胁部疼痛且往往伴以痉挛。例如:
• All that dancing gave me a stitch in my side.一直跳舞,我的胁部好疼呀!
• 4.ache可以和表示身体一部分的名词构成复合词,而其他几个词则不能。

pain, pang, smart

• 这三个词都可指肉体上的疼痛,也可指精神上的疼痛。其区别在于:pain所表示的疼痛可以是剧烈的,也可以是轻微的; 而pang和smart表示的都是强烈的、剧烈的疼痛。例如:
• He was anxious about an off-and-on pain in the abdomen.他因腹部时隐时现的疼痛而忧虑。
• She felt a sudden pang of regret.她突然感到痛悔不已。
• He felt his eyes smart with fatigue.他因困倦而感到两眼剧痛。

pain(s), bid, effort(s), endeavour(s), exertion(s)

• 这组词都可作“努力”解。其区别是：
• effort(s)着重指动作的本身; endeavour(s)着重作出努力的认真和决心; exertion(s)着重于动作的积极性或剧烈性; bid着重于为达到某种企图而作出的努力; pain(s)侧重为完成某事花费气力。例如:
• I will make a great effort to master English我会努力掌握英语。
• The cabinet is making all possible endeavours to bring about national economic stabilization.政府内阁将尽最大努力使国家经济趋于稳定。
• I was quite hot and tired after all my exertions.用力干后,我又热又累。
• Our Department is making a bid for the interdepartmental basketball championship.我们系正力求夺取系际的篮球赛冠军。
• For thirty years,Teacher Liu has been taking great pains in educating us.30年来,刘教员一直劳心努力地教育我们。

下面两个句子的意思是一样的:

• It's a pain to get up so early in the morn- ing.
• It's a pain getting up so early in the morn- ing.
• 这么早起床,真叫人讨厌。

ache，pain，sore

• 这些名词均含有“疼、疼痛”之意。
• ache指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
• pain可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
• sore指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 她头痛。

   误 She has a headpain.

   正 She has a headache.

   析 pain一般不可与表示“身体部位”的单词构成复合词。

2. 我的脚疼。

   误 My foot is pain.

   正 I have a pain in my foot.

   析 表示人“身体某个部位疼痛”要用have a pain〔pains〕 in...,其中pain是可数名词,表示具体的疼痛部位。

3. 这妇女在分娩阵痛中。

   误 The lady was in severe pain.

   正 The lady was in severe pains.

4. 即使用刑罚也不能禁止这种习俗。

   误 Even pain and penalties wouldn't put a stop to such a practice.

   正 Even pains and penalties wouldn't put a stop to such a practice.

5. 这位老师很辛苦地批改学生们的考卷。

   误 The teacher took great pain in correcting the pupils' papers.

   正 The teacher took great pains in correcting the pupils' papers.

   析 pain作“产妇的阵阵疼痛”“刑罚”“辛苦”等解时,习惯上用复数形式。

v. (动词)

1. 我的腿还在疼。

   误 I am still paining the leg.

   正 The leg is still paining me.

   析 pain作及物动词时,表示“使疼痛”“伤害”,其宾语一般是人。

2. 我经常喉咙痛。

   误 My throat aches me very often.

   正 My throat pains me very often.

3. 撇下子女不管(这种做法)使他很痛心。

   误 It ached him to leave his family behind.

   正 It pained him to leave his family behind.

   析 ache只用作不及物动词,不能后接宾语,故应改为pain。

词源解说

• ☆ 1300左右年进入英语，直接源自古法语的peine；最初源自古典拉丁语的poena，意为惩罚，煎熬。

近反义词

【近义词】

• ache
• bother
• hurt
• trouble
• annoy
• disquiet
• grieve
• hurt
• irritate
• worry
• wound

【反义词】

• gratify
• please