litter

英 ['lɪtə(r)] 美 ['lɪtər]

• n. 垃圾；杂乱；一窝(幼仔)；褥草；轿子
• v. 乱丢垃圾；弄乱；产(幼仔)；用草等给动物铺窝

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U]废弃物;垃圾

   waste material thrown away , especially bits of paper scattered untidily in a public place

2. [S]杂乱,凌乱

   state of untidiness

3. [C]一窝

   all the young born to an animal at one time

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 使杂乱;乱丢杂物

   make untidy with odds and ends;scatter litter

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 杂乱
2. 担架
3. 褥草，干草等物
4. 舁床
5. 枯枝层，落叶层
6. 厩肥
7. 轿，舆
8. 垫圈
9. 七零八碎的东西
10. 同胎生下的小崽，一窝（仔畜）
11. 废弃物，垃圾，零乱之物

v. 动词

1. 产（仔）
2. 使充满，使饱含，使遍布
3. 乱扔（废弃物），乱丢东西，乱丢废物，乱丢（杂物），乱丢垃圾
4. 弄乱，把...弄得乱七八糟，使乱七八糟，使凌乱，使杂乱
5. 铺褥草，给（牲畜）垫褥草，为（动物）铺草荐，在...上面铺草荐，铺草，用草等给动物铺窝
6. 使在…上布满杂乱的东西

英英释义

Noun:

1. the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal

2. rubbish carelessly dropped or left about (especially in public places)

3. conveyance consisting of a chair or bed carried on two poles by bearers

4. material used to provide a bed for animals

Verb:

1. strew;

   "Cigar butts littered the ground"
   

2. make a place messy by strewing garbage around

3. give birth to a litter of animals

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. There was litter strewn all over the pavement.
   人行道上到处都是扔的垃圾。
2. The desk was covered with a litter of documents.
   书桌上满满地放着一堆杂乱的文件。
3. His litter strewn room really needed to be cleaned.
   他杂乱的房间该好好收拾一下了。
4. His dog hasn't had a litter of puppies.
   他的狗还没有生过一窝小狗。
5. This litter produced two males and seven females.
   这一窝产下两只雄仔和七只雌仔。
6. I was carried in a litter during the final stage of our journey.
   旅行的最后一段路我是坐着轿子完成的。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. The streets were full of litter.
   街道上满是垃圾。
2. Litter covered the cinema floor after the film.
   电影结束后,电影院的地上丢满了垃圾。
3. Her room was in such a litter that she was ashamed to ask me in.
   她的房间十分凌乱,所以不好意思请我进去。
4. Our cat had a litter of four.
   我们家的猫一胎生了四只小猫。
5. The litter of puppies are〔is 〕 playing in the ground.
   这窝小狗正在地上嬉闹。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Don't litter.
   勿乱丢杂物。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Papers littered his desk.
   他的书桌上乱七八糟地堆满了文稿。

经典引文

• He was carried out on a golden litter.

  出自： R. Macaulay

• A covered litter, borne by four slaves, its occupant quite invisible.

  出自： A. Mason

• A litter was improvised, and throwing their coats over the body, the party carried it back.

  出自： F. Norris

• First to be unloaded..were the litter casessseriously wounded and dying.

  出自：Sun (Baltimore)

• Firewood and shavings lay littered about the floors.

  出自： F. A. Kemble

• The table was littered with bottles of the very best wine.

  出自： W. Gerhardie

• A piece of waste ground littered with tins and rubbish.

  出自： V. S. Pritchett

• The entire south Cornish coast is littered with wrecks.

  出自： C. Francis

• I would not like anyone to imagine we litter the texts of our dictionaries with typesetting codes.

  出自： fig.

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

litter up (v.+adv.)

把(某处)搞得乱糟糟make (a place) untidy
litter sth ⇔ up
Why do you always litter up the table with all these newspapers?

你为什么总是将报纸乱丢,把桌子弄得乱糟糟呢?

litter with (v.+prep.)

使杂乱,使凌乱 make untidy with odds and ends
litter sth with sth
He littered the yard with bottles and cans.

他扔得满地都是瓶子和罐头。
His desk was littered with papers.

他的办公桌上杂乱地堆放着文件。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• clean〔pick〕 up litter 清除〔收拾〕杂物
• drop〔leave〕 litter 乱扔杂物

形容词+～

• a terrible litter 乱七八糟的一大堆

介词+～

• in a litter 一片杂乱

～+介词

• a litter of magazines 乱七八糟的一堆杂志
• a litter of puppies 一窝小狗

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• litter books〔newspaper〕 扔书〔报纸〕

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. litter作“一窝”解时是可数集合名词,当其作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。

词义辨析

waste，garbage，rubbish，litter，debris，junk

• 这些名词均含“废物，垃圾”之意。
• waste普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。
• garbage主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。
• rubbish普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。
• litter是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
• debris着重指分解、分裂或破坏后剩下的碎片，也指零散的普通废品。
• junk指回收的旧汽车或大型机器，也指毫无实用价值，或破烂物体，但不指垃圾。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的litiere，意为废弃物。

近反义词

【近义词】

• rubbish 垃圾
• trash 废物
• disorder 混乱
• waste 废物
• confusion 惶惑
• jumble 掺杂
• family 家庭
• brood 一窝
• young 年轻的
• scatter 散播
• spoil 宠坏
• strew 散播
• rubble 瓦砾
• debris 碎片
• junk 垃圾
• scrap 碎片
• clutter 弄乱
• garbage 垃圾
• dislocate 使脱臼
• muss 搞乱
• remainder 剩余物
• couch 长椅
• refuse 拒绝
• bedding 寝具（人或动物）...
• bedding material 垫底材料