family

英 ['fæməli] 美 ['fæməli]

• n. 家庭；亲属；家族；子女；[生]科；语族；[化]族
• adj. 家庭的；家族的；适合于全家的

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C]家,家庭

   group consisting of parents and their children

2. [S]子女

   people's children

3. [C]家族,氏族

   all the people descended from a common ancestor

4. [C]语族,语系

   group of things related by common characteristics especially a group of languages

5. [C](动植物的)科

   a group of plants or animals

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 家族
2. 子女
3. 家庭
4. 家
5. 亲属，家人，家庭成员
6. 【动、植】科
7. 【化】【数】【天】族
8. 【语】语族
9. 氏族
10. 民族
11. 派别
12. 阁员，同僚
13. 科
14. 亲族
15. 门第
16. 家系

adj. 形容词

1. 家庭的
2. 家族的
3. 祖传的
4. 全家团聚的
5. 一家所有的
6. 适合全家人的
7. 同类的

英英释义

Noun:

1. a social unit living together;

   "he moved his family to Virginia"
   "It was a good Christian household"
   "I waited until the whole house was asleep"
   "the teacher asked how many people made up his home"
   

2. primary social group; parents and children;

   "he wanted to have a good job before starting a family"
   

3. a collection of things sharing a common attribute;

   "there are two classes of detergents"
   

4. people descended from a common ancestor;

   "his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower"
   

5. a person having kinship with another or others;

   "he's kin"
   "he's family"
   

6. (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera;

   "sharks belong to the fish family"
   

7. a loose affiliation of gangsters in charge of organized criminal activities

8. an association of people who share common beliefs or activities;

   "the message was addressed not just to employees but to every member of the company family"
   "the church welcomed new members into its fellowship"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. There are five people in my family.
   我家里有五口人。
2. He was born in a wealthy family.
   他出生在一个富裕的家庭。
3. He had to work hard to support his family.
   他不得不努力工作来养家。
4. All our family came to Grandad's eightieth birthday party.
   我们所有的亲属都来参加了祖父八十寿宴。
5. Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years.
   有些家族在该地区务农已达数百年。
6. She has a large family on her hands.
   她有许多子女需要照顾。
7. Give my regards to Mr and Mrs Jones and family.
   代我向琼斯夫妇及其子女问好.
8. The tiger is a representative of the cat family.
   老虎是猫科动物的典型。
9. These languages belong to the Latin family.
   这些语言都是属于拉丁语族的。
10. English is a branch of the Germanic family of languages.
    英语是日耳曼语系的一个分支。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. Quarrels are a normal part of family life.
   争吵是家庭生活正常的一部分。
2. She works in the family business.
   她在家族的企业工作。
3. They rented a three-bedroom family home with a pool.
   他们租住了一个带有三间卧室和一个游泳池,适合全家人居住的房子。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. She comes of a musical family.
   她出身于一个音乐家庭。
2. She comes from a famous family.
   她出身于名门望族。
3. He is a boy of a good family.
   这个小伙子出身于很好的家庭。
4. We shouldn't judge a person by his family.
   我们不应以出身门第来判断一个人。
5. He comes of a noble family.
   他出身于贵族家庭。
6. He came of a poor peasant family in the old society.
   他出生在旧社会一个贫农家庭。
7. The child was adopted into a wealthy family and received a good education.
   这个孩子被一有钱人家收养,并受到良好教育。
8. Each apartment could house a family of six.
   每套公寓可住下一个六口之家。
9. He is blessed in having such a family.
   他为有这样一个家庭而感到幸福。
10. His crimes stained the family honor.
    他的罪行玷污了他家庭的名誉。
11. Mrs. Hall is well known to all the family, and I am certain that she will make a good servant in your house.
    那家人都很了解霍尔太太的为人,我敢肯定她在你家一定会成为一个听话的仆人。
12. There has been a lot of illness in the family recently.
    最近以来这家人常生病。
13. Would you steal from your own family?
    你会从自己家里偷东西吗?
14. She was sustained by pride in her family.
    对家庭的自豪感支持着她。
15. Who is more powerful in your family?
    在你家里谁权力更大?
16. She brought honour to her family.
    她给家庭带来了荣誉。
17. Something unfortunate must have happened to his family.
    他家一定发生了什么不幸的事。
18. Many families keeps snakes.
    很多家庭养蛇。
19. We won't have a family until we've been married a few years.
    我们打算结婚几年后再要孩子。
20. When do you hope to start a family?
    你希望什么时候要孩子?
21. Her family is a large family so that she has to be often ignored.
    她的家庭是个多子女的大家庭,因此她经常被忽视。
22. Tom is the eldest of the family.
    汤姆是家里最大的孩子。
23. Does he has any family?
    他有孩子吗?
24. Give my regards to Mr. Jones and family.
    代我向琼斯夫妇及其子女问好。
25. Mary's whole family united in disapproving Jim.
    玛丽一家人联合起来反对吉姆。
26. The family live in the big mansion near the coast.
    这一家人住在靠海边的公寓里。
27. My family is very large.
    我家人口很多。
28. Mr. Smith and his family came together.
    史密斯先生和他的家人一起来的。
29. My family have gone to my aunt's, but I stay at home.
    我的家人到我姑母家去了,我留在家里。
30. She disgraced her family and friends.
    她使家人和朋友蒙受耻辱。
31. The picture reminded him of his home and family in Taiwan.
    这幅画使他想起了在台湾的家和亲人。
32. Though hardworking, he can hardly support his family.
    虽然工作勤劳,他几乎还是不能养家糊口。
33. If you can't support your family, you can at least apply for relief.
    如果你养活不了家,至少可以申请救济。
34. We'll let his family know that he is in danger.
    我们得马上通知他的家属,告诉他们他的处境很危险。
35. His family can trace its history back to the tenth century.
    他的家史一直可以追溯到10世纪。
36. Some families have farmed in this area for hundreds of years.
    有些家族在该地区务农已达数百年。
37. Spanish belongs to the same language family as Italian, both being descended from Latin.
    西班牙语和意大利语属于同一语族,两者都源自拉丁语。
38. The horse family also includes the donkey.
    马科也包括驴子。
39. The royal family consists of the king and queen and their relatives.
    王室成员包括国王、王后及其亲属。
40. The royal family is insulated from many of the difficulties faced by ordinary people.
    皇室成员与世隔绝,不可能面对普通百姓的困难。
41. Many families have lived in new houses.
    许多家庭住进了新房。
42. His family are spending a holiday these days.
    他一家最近在度假。
43. Smith family are all very athletic.
    史密斯家人都很强健。
44. Are your family all well?
    你家人都好吗?
45. The family were all present.
    家里人全在。
46. These houses were built for families.
    这些房子是为居民家庭建的。
47. He decided to reduce family expenses.
    他决定缩减家庭开支。
48. The will obliges the heirs to live in the family mansion.
    遗嘱要求继承人住在这一家的私宅里。
49. Despite his poverty he refused to part with the family jewels.
    尽管家穷,他仍不愿卖掉家传的珠宝。
50. I go home every summer to see my family relations.
    我每年夏天回家探亲。
51. His illness added to the family's troubles.
    他的病增加了家庭的困难。
52. I don't know any other family who would do so much.
    我不知道有哪个家庭成员会做这许多事。

经典引文

• I am of Anglo-Irish stock on both sides of my family.

  出自： Day Lewis

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• bring up a family 养家,养育妻子儿女
• come of a family 出身于…家庭
• disgrace one's family 给家庭带来耻辱
• have a family 有家庭
• head a family 担当一家之主
• leave one's family 抛弃家庭,离家出走
• limit the family 限制生育
• protect one's family 保护自己的家庭
• raise a family 养育家庭
• start a family 成家
• support one's family 供养家庭,养家糊口
• unite two -lies 联合两家

形容词+～

• big family 大家庭,人口多的家庭
• broken family 破裂的家庭
• complete family 父母双全的家庭
• entire family 全家
• good family 良家
• happy family 幸福的家庭
• high family 门第高的家庭
• large family 子女多的家庭
• lower-income family 收入少的家庭
• middle-class family 中产阶级家庭
• middle-income family 收入中等的家庭
• noble family 贵族名门,显贵的家庭
• poor family 贫穷的家庭
• rich family 富有的家庭
• single-parent family 单亲家庭
• small family 小家庭
• special family 特殊家庭
• upper-income family 收入高的家庭
• wealthy family 豪门富户
• well-to-do family 富裕的家庭
• whole family 全家

名词+～

• language family 语系

～+名词

• family tree 家谱
• in a family way 像一家人一样,不拘小节(地),随便,〈美〉怀孕
• in the family way 〈英〉怀孕

介词+～

• in family 家中
• man of good family 名门子弟
• with a family 有家(要照应)
• animals of the cat family 猫科动物
• members of the deer family 鹿科动物

～+介词

• family of languages 语系
• family of six 六口之家
• family with four children 有四个孩子的家庭

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. family的意思是“家庭”,指“家庭全体成员”时,为集合名词,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。作为“家庭整体”看待时,谓语动词要用单数形式。谓语动词无论是单数形式还是复数形式, family都应该用复数代词指代。
2. family有时可作“子女,孩子”解,此时不含父母,是单数名词,但可与不定冠词a或an连用。
3. family作先行词时,其关系代词可用who,也可用which。如表示家庭成员,则一般用who;如表示家庭整体,则一般用which。
4. family表示“家属”时,不包括本人。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

family, dwelling, home, house, residence

• 这五个词都有“家,家庭,家宅”的意思。其区别在于:home指某人出生以及成长的环境或与某人一起居住的地方; dwelling为文学用语,用以同商店、办公室及其他建筑物相区别的住宅; family指的是家庭成员,与居住地无关; house强调人们居住的建筑物本身; residence常指周围大片土地的宅邸,也可指普通的房屋,尤其是自己的住宅。例如:
• There's nothing like home.哪儿也没有家里好。
• Their clothes were in rags and their dwellings were small and poorly furnished.他们衣衫褴褛,住房狭小,家具简陋。
• Because our family is happy and healthy we reckon ourselves fortunate.因为我们一家人幸福健康,我们认为我们是幸运的。
• She offered to help Rose in house keeping when I was not here.我不在时,她主动帮助露丝料理家务。
• Buy a house, build a home.买一所房子,安一个家。
• The President's residence is the White House in Washington,D.C.总统的官邸是华盛顿特区的白宫。

in a family way, in the family way

• 在英式英语中, in a family way作“不拘小节”解, in the family way作“怀孕”解; 而在美式英语中, in a family way和in the family way都作“怀孕”解。例如:
• She spoke to me in a family way.她与我说话不拘礼节。
• It makes folks happy to see a girl in the family way.人们看到女孩怀孕了会感到高兴。
• Sue and Liz are happy because their mother is in the family way.苏和利兹都很高兴,因为妈妈就要生孩子了。

下面两个句子的意思不同:

• How are your family?
• 家里人都好吗?
• How is your family?
• 全家好吗?
• 如果侧重家里的每个人,则用“are”; 如果侧重全家,则用“is”,但在回答时都应用are。
• My family〔They〕 are all well.全家都好。

下面两个短语的意思不同:

• a teacher family 一个教师之家(全是教师)
• a teacher's family 一位教师的家(主人是教师)

下面两个句子的意思不同:

• He is family man.
• 他是有家室的人。
• He is a man of family.
• 他是出身名门望族的人。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 我全家每个人都很高。

   误 My family is all tall.

   正 My family are all tall.

   析 family作为一个集体名词,在强调家庭成员个体时,谓语动词通常用复数。

2. 我家是一个大家庭。

   误 My family are very large.

   正 My family is very large.

   析 family被看成是一个整体时,谓语动词通常用单数。

3. 他抛弃了舒适的家。

   误 He abandoned his cosy family.

   正 He abandoned his cosy home.

   析 “家”是home,指一个人出生和居住的处所; 而family指家庭成员的集体或个体。

4. 王家已搬进新住宅。

   误 The Wang of the family has moved into the new house.

   正 The Wang family has moved into the new house.

   析 family作“家族”解时,习惯上不与介词of连用。

词源解说

• ☆ 1400年左右进入英语，直接源自古典拉丁语的familia，意为家庭，住户；最初源自未知语的famulus，意为仆人。

近反义词

【近义词】

• house
• household
• kindred
• relatives
• tribe