harden

英 ['hɑːdn] 美 ['hɑːrdn]

• v. (使)变硬；(使)坚强

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)变坚硬,(使)变坚强,(使)坚定

   (cause sth) become hard, strong, unyielding, etc.

2. vt. 使麻木不仁或毫不在乎

   make sb less sensitive (to sth)

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 变硬，硬化，变坚固
2. 变强硬，变果断，更强硬
3. 变坚强，更坚定
4. (股市)变得坚挺，上涨
5. 更严厉，更严肃
6. 变强硬，变果断，更强硬
7. 变冷酷，变得冷酷无情，变得严峻
8. 变得强壮，变得壮实有耐受力
9. 使变硬，使坚硬，使坚固
10. 使坚强，使顽强，使不屈
11. 使冷酷，使变得冷酷，使变得无情，使冷酷无情，使心肠变硬
12. 【冶金学】使硬化，把…淬化
13. 使强壮，使锻炼得结实，把…锻炼得坚强
14. 【经济学】使(市场、物价等)坚挺(或稳定)，使(价格)上涨
15. 使变成硬水
16. 【军事】硬化(或强化)(防空系统)使(核武器、基地等)硬式化

n. 名词

1. 淬火
2. 哈登（Sir Arthur，1865-1940，英国化学家，曾获1929年诺贝尔化学奖）

英英释义

Verb:

1. become hard or harder;

   "The wax hardened"
   

2. make hard or harder;

   "The cold hardened the butter"
   

3. harden by reheating and cooling in oil;

   "temper steel"
   

4. make fit;

   "This trip will season even the hardiest traveller"
   

5. cause to accept or become hardened to; habituate;

   "He was inured to the cold"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. They harden clay by putting it in a fire.
   他们把粘土坯放在炉火里使其变硬。
2. The varnish takes a few minutes to harden.
   清漆几分钟就能变硬。
3. Missus Lederer later said that one Sun-Times editor helped her harden herself to those stories.
   莱德尔太太后来说，有一位晨报的编辑帮助她，让她面对这些信件而变得坚强。
4. Hardship can harden your will.
   艰难困苦可以使你意志坚强。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Clay hardens when it becomes dry.
   黏土干了的时候就变硬了。
2. The soft concrete will harden till it is like stone.
   水泥将变硬直到像石头一样。
3. The varnish takes a few minutes to harden.
   清漆几分钟就变硬了。
4. The snow hardened until ice was formed.
   雪变成冰后就会硬。
5. Attitudes to the strike have hardened on both sides.
   双方对罢工所持的态度更加强硬了。
6. Opposition to the military government hardened after the massacre.
   大屠杀后,反对军政府的力量更强硬了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He hardened his hold on the door.
   他更加使劲地抓住门。
2. Life in the mountains hardened me.
   山区的生活使我更加坚强。
3. Don't harden your heart against him.
   不要对他冷酷无情。
4. For her good,You must harden your heart.
   替她着想,你不能心软。
1
5. Doctors are hardened to the sight of blood.
   医生看见血无动于衷。
6. He had utterly been hardened by all shame.
   他毫无廉耻之心。

经典引文

• The rise of a lawyer class was everywhere hardening customary into written rights.

  出自： J. R. Green

• The statues..spotted black, green and yellow with clots of hardened moss.

  出自： W. Wharton

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

harden in (v.+adv.)

绷得紧 stretch sth tight
harden sth ⇔ in
You'd better harden in the ropes, the sails are not tight enough!

你最好拉紧大绳,帆绷得还不够紧。

harden into (v.+prep.)

凝固成 change sth into sth because of coldness
harden into sth
Lava as it cools hardens into rock.

岩浆冷却后凝成岩石。 harden sth into sth
Harden one's revolutionary will into steel.

把革命意志锻炼得钢铁般坚强。

harden off (v.+adv.)

使耐寒以备室外种植 become hard, ready for planting outside
harden off
When the onion plants have hardened off, we can plant them in the garden; they should be ready soon.

洋葱苗长壮后,我们就可以把它们移植到菜园里; 这些苗很快就可以移植。 harden sth ⇔ off
What is the best way to harden off new rose bushes only a few inches high?

要想使只有几英寸高的玫瑰长壮以移植户外,什么办法最好?
Potted plants should be hardened off before planting out.

盆栽植物应经耐寒锻炼才能移植到室外。

harden to (v.+prep.)

对…变得无动于衷 make sb less sensitive
harden to sth
He hardened early to a life of crime.

他很早就习惯了犯罪生涯。 harden sb to v-ing
Do you think that John is becoming hardened to failing his driving test?

你是不是认为约翰对驾照考试的失败已麻木了?
Poor people often become hardened to suffering.

穷人常常变得能忍受苦难。 harden sb to sth
They've been hardened to the horrors of war.

他们对战争的恐怖已无动于衷了。
He became hardened to the suffering around him.

他对周围的苦难现象已见怪不怪了。

harden toward (v.+prep.)

对…冷酷无情 be cold to sb
harden toward sb
His heart hardened toward his nephews.

他对他的侄子们心肠很硬。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• harden the body 锻炼身体
• harden one's heart 心肠变硬
• harden steel 淬火

～+副词

• harden considerably 很坚硬
• harden utterly 非常坚定
• harden in 拉紧
• harden off 使长壮以移植户外
• harden up 变得坚实

～+介词

• harden into 凝固成
• harden to 对…变得无动于衷
• harden toward 对…冷酷无情

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. harden的基本意思是指事物的硬度增强到坚固的程度,即指硬化的过程,也指硬化的结果,引申可指“心肠硬”“麻木不仁”。
2. harden用作及物动词时,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。用作不及物动词时，接into表示“凝固成”,接toward表示“对…冷酷无情”。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

harden, cake, indurate, petrify, solidify

• 这组词都有“使变硬或凝固”的意思。它们的区别是:harden强调变硬的过程或结果; cake指凝结成坚硬的块状物; indurate指使原来坚硬的东西更加坚硬或结实; petrify指动植物石化或变得像石头一样坚硬; solidify强调最终发生质的变化。

近反义词

【近义词】

• strengthen 加强
• petrify 使石化
• thicken 变浓
• steel 钢铁
• cake 蛋糕
• cohere 粘合
• acclimate 使习惯于新环境...
• solidify 变固体
• freeze 冻结
• set 放置
• consolidate 合并
• settle 解决
• coagulate 凝结
• congeal (使)凝结
• toughen 变坚韧
• reinforce 加固
• stabilize 使安定
• roughen 弄粗弄崎岖不平...
• coarsen （使）变粗
• indurate 使坚固
• inure (使)习惯
• temper 脾气
• season 季节

【反义词】

• soften (使)变柔和