grind

英 [ɡraɪnd] 美 [ɡraɪnd]

• v. 磨；压迫；碾碎；磨得吱吱响；逐渐停顿
• n. 苦事；磨；碾

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 摩擦

   rub harshly together, especially with a circular motion

2. vt. & vi. 磨碎; 嚼碎

   crush to grains or powder between millstones, the teeth, etc.

3. vt. 旋转

   work by turning

4. vt. 压迫; 折磨

   oppress or crush

n. (名词)

1. [S]磨,碾

   the act of grinding

2. [S]苦差事,苦活儿

   a long steady tiring effort of movement

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 磨（碎），碾（碎） ，磨成，碾成
2. 压榨
3. 折磨
4. 磨薄，磨光，磨快
5. 磨擦发出刺耳声（如嘎嘎响）
6. 用力挤压
7. <口>刻苦地做，苦心地教
8. 苦学，苦干
9. 转动
10. 推摇
11. 咬（牙）
12. 用手摇风琴演奏
13. 反复地灌输
14. 压迫
15. 用力挤压（入表层）
16. 摇动手柄（操纵机器）
17. 嚼碎
18. 研磨
19. 耐磨，受磨
20. 扭摆，扭屁股

n. 名词

1. 磨（声）
2. 碾（声）
3. 磨擦声
4. <口>苦差使
5. 单调的事，枯燥的工作
6. 苦学，刻苦，用功
7. <美口>用功的学生
8. 研细的程度
9. 开玩笑（的人）
10. 讥讽
11. 研磨

英英释义

Noun:

1. an insignificant student who is ridiculed as being affected or boringly studious

2. the grade of particle fineness to which a substance is ground;

   "a coarse grind of coffee"
   

3. hard monotonous routine work

4. the act of grinding to a powder or dust

Verb:

1. press or grind with a crushing noise

2. make a grating or grinding sound by rubbing together;

   "grate one's teeth in anger"
   

3. work hard;

   "She was digging away at her math homework"
   "Lexicographers drudge all day long"
   

4. dance by rotating the pelvis in an erotically suggestive way, often while in contact with one's partner such that the dancers' legs are interlaced

5. reduce to small pieces or particles by pounding or abrading;

   "grind the spices in a mortar"
   "mash the garlic"
   

6. created by grinding;

   "grind designs into the glass bowl"
   

7. shape or form by grinding;

   "grind lenses for glasses and cameras"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. It won't grind down any finer than this.
   不能磨得比这个再细了。
2. Some people grind their teeth while they are asleep.
   有些人睡觉时磨牙齿。
3. People in this area were ground down by hunger and poverty.
   这个地区的人们受着饥饿和贫穷的折磨。
4. We grind up the wheat to make flour.
   我们把小麦磨成面粉。
5. The old engine ground and shuddered.
   那台陈旧的发动机抖动著发出摩擦的声音。
6. The strike brought industry grinding to a halt.
   由於罢工生产逐渐停顿下来。
7. If trade doesn't improve soon, the industry will grind to a halt.
   如果商业不迅速恢复景气，工业就要陷入停顿。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Marking examination papers is a real grind.
   批改试卷的确是个苦事。
2. I need a holiday as a relief from the daily grind.
   我需要休假以摆脱单调的日常工作。
3. He finds any kind of study a real grind.
   他发现任何一种学习都是名副其实的苦差使。
4. The grind of the oats will be an all day affair.
   磨这些燕麦需要干一整天。
5. Making a coarse grind is easier for us.
   对我们来说弄粗磨容易些。
6. He heard gears grind as the transmission broke down.
   他听到齿轮碾磨的声音当传送带断掉的时候。
7. Men who dare to enjoy themselves amidst pressure that would grind mere mortals to dust.
   能够大胆地让自己去享受压力的人可以把那些纯粹是平庸的人完全碾成尘土。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. This wheat grinds well.
   这种麦子很好磨。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He ground a knife.
   他磨了小刀。
2. Some people grind their teeth while they're asleep.
   有些人睡着时会磨牙。
3. She is grinding the flour.
   她正在磨面粉。
4. Facer grinded coffeemill.
   费瑟转动了磨咖啡机。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ pron./n. + n./pron.

1. Grind him a pound of coffee.
   给他磨一磅咖啡。

S+～+ n./pron. +for pron./n.

1. Would you please grind a pound of coffee for me?
   请给我磨一磅咖啡好吗?

用作名词 (n.)

1. Marking examination papers is a real grind.
   批改试卷的确是件苦差事。

经典引文

• The grind of the gate itself, as it scraped the stone beneath and was opened.

  出自： D. du Maurier

• Dry rough/substance encountered the grind / of my teeth.

  出自： T. Gunn

• Though the mills of God grind slowly, yet they grind exceeding small.

  出自： Longfellow

• What we did not..devour we could grind away in the electric Disposall beneath the sink.

  出自： N. Mailer

• A bird needs sharp gravel to grind food in its crop.

  出自： W. Wharton

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

grind away (v.+adv.)

苦干〔学〕; 反复不断地干 work or study hard and long at (sth); work continuously at (sth)
grind away
This old mill has been grinding away for over 50 years.50

多年来,这间老磨坊一直在磨粮食。 grind sth ⇔ away
The steps have been ground away by the passing feet of many visitors over the centuries.

几个世纪以来,台阶在络绎不绝的来客脚下磨损了。 grind away at〔for〕 sth
She grinds away at history studies.

她在历史学习方面下了很多功夫。
My friend is grinding away at English and preparing for TOEFL.

我的朋友正在苦读英语,准备参加托福考试。
Yes,I'm still grinding away at the same old job.

不错,我仍在干我那无聊的老行当。
She's grinding away for the college entrance exams.

她正在埋头苦学,准备大学入学考试。

grind down (v.+adv.)

压迫,折磨 oppress or crush

grind in (v.+adv.)

〈非正〉刻苦攻读以牢记… force (sth usually acknowledge) in so that it's difficult to forget

grind into (v.+prep.)

〈非正〉向(某人)灌输(知识) force (knowledge) into (sb)

grind out (v.+adv.)

弹奏 keep on playing (music)

grind to a halt (v.+prep.+n.)

慢慢停下 come slowly but surely to a stop

grind together (v.+adv.)

使在一起挤压〔摩擦〕 cause to rub things roughly together
grind sth ⇔ together
All night she grinds her teeth together, keeping me awake.

她整夜咬牙,吵得我睡不着觉。

grind under (v.+prep.)

以(权势)欺压(某人) control (sb) cruelly with the power

grind up (v.+adv.)

把…磨成粉末 crush (sth) into small pieces or powder
grind sth ⇔ up
They ground this rock up for road building.

他们碾碎这些石头用来筑路。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• grind an axe 磨斧子
• grind the faces of the poor 榨取贫民之膏血
• grind glass 碾磨玻璃
• grind a pound of coffee 碾一磅咖啡
• grind super-profits 榨取超额利润
• grind teeth 咬牙切齿

～+副词

• grind away 把…碾成粉末,磨破,用坏
• grind down 碾碎,磨成粉,折磨,压迫
• grind out 压榨出,(乐器等)单调地奏出
• grind out a tune on an organ 用手风琴奏出一曲
• grind up 把…磨成粉,磨细

～+介词

• grind away at 刻苦认真地干
• grind away at duties 努力工作/学习
• grind away for 为…刻苦用功
• grind away for an exam 用功准备考试
• grind into 把…磨成,向(某人)灌输
• grind corn into flour 将谷磨成粉
• grind wheat into flour 把麦子磨成面粉
• grind grammar into sb's mind 费很大劲教某人语法
• grind on the rocks (船)触礁
• grind to 把(某物)粉碎或磨成(粉末)
• grind sth to fine powder 将某物磨成粉末
• grind sth to pieces 将某物磨碎
• grind to a halt (汽车)嘎的一声停下来
• grind with sand and water 用沙和水碾磨

用作名词 (n.)

形容词+～

• coarse grind 粗磨
• real grind 真正的苦差事

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. grind的基本意思是用摩擦的方法把刃磨锐、把平面磨光或把颗粒磨碎。引申可表示因摩擦而使之损耗,也可表示为达到目的或取得成功而采取粗暴的手段。
2. grind既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接简单宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转换为介词for的宾语; 用作不及物动词时,其主动形式常含有被动意义。
3. grind可用于被动结构。
4. grind后接away, at可表示“苦干”“苦等”等。
5. grind的过去式和过去分词均为ground。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

grind, scrape, scratch

• 这组词的意思相近。其区别是：
• scrape指用有锋刃的工具从物体的表面刮〔擦〕掉某物; grind表示通过磨〔擦〕使工具、武器变得锐利或光滑; scratch指用利器在物体的表面上划出一道线或沟。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的grindan，意为磨。

近反义词

【近义词】

• grate
• mill
• polish
• sharpen

【反义词】

• dull
• take the edge off