desert

英 ['dezət] 美 ['dezərt]

• n. 沙漠；荒地；应得(的惩罚或奖励)
• v. 遗弃；离弃；放弃；擅离职守

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C][U]沙漠,不毛之地

   barren land, with very little water and vegetation, often sand-covered

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 舍弃,遗弃

   leave without help or support

2. vi. 开小差,逃亡

   leave military service without permission

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 沙漠，荒漠，荒野，荒凉的境地，不毛之地，荒地，荒原
2. 功过，赏罚，功罪，功劳，惩罚
3. 该受奖赏的品质，美德
4. 应得的报酬、奖赏或惩罚
5. 枯燥无味的学科
6. 历史上的荒芜时代

v. 动词

1. 遗弃，抛弃，离弃，丢弃，舍弃，背弃，丢开，扔掉，不管，背离，撇下（不管）
2. （从...）开小差
3. 擅离（职守、部队）
4. 逃跑，逃走，逃亡，当逃兵
5. 废弃，放弃
6. 使（某人）失望

adj. 形容词

1. 沙漠的，荒漠的，荒凉的，荒芜的，不毛的，无人的，荒无人烟的，无人居住的

英英释义

Noun:

1. arid land with little or no vegetation

Verb:

1. leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch;

   "The mother deserted her children"
   

2. desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army;

   "If soldiers deserted Hitler's army, they were shot"
   

3. leave behind;

   "the students deserted the campus after the end of exam period"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.
   这个国家有三分之二的地方气候干燥,或者是沙漠。
2. Some of them died of thirst in the desert.
   他们中有些人在沙漠中渴死了。
3. Water can transform a desert into a garden.
   水能把一片不毛之地变成一座花园。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth.
   那个母亲生下他后不久就把他遗弃了。
2. The villages had been deserted.
   这些村庄已经荒无人烟了。
3. The price rise caused many readers to desert the magazine.
   价格上涨让使这本杂志丧失了很多读者。
4. A soldier who deserts in time of war is punished severely.
   战争期间开小差的士兵要受到严惩。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Vast areas of land have become desert.
   广大的地区均已变成沙漠。
2. The rest of the country is mostly desert.
   这个国家其余部分多半是沙漠。
3. The explorers struck out for the desert.
   勘探人员精神抖擞地向沙漠进发。
4. An Arab was walking alone through the desert when he met two men.
   一个阿拉伯人在穿越沙漠时遇到了两个人。
5. We gazed out over the limitless expanses of the desert.
   我们凝望着那一片漫无边际的沙漠。
6. The settlers made a garden out of the desert.
   移民们把荒漠改造成花园。
7. The new nation is hoping to reclaim much of its land from the desert.
   这个新建立的国家希望从沙漠中开垦出许多土地。
8. He raced his car across the desert.
   他开车驰过那片荒凉的沙漠。
9. The Arab stopped and pitched in the desert.
   这个阿拉伯人停下来,然后在沙漠中搭起了帐篷。
10. It's a story about an Arab in the desert.
    这是一个生活在沙漠地区的阿拉伯人的故事。
11. They cannot get water at all in that desert area of Africa.
    在非洲沙漠地区,他们根本找不到一滴水。
12. The camel is still man's best friend in the desert.
    在沙漠地区,骆驼仍然是人类最好的朋友。
13. This kind of flower does not plant in the desert.
    这种花在沙漠上不生长。
14. The desert land was split into three development regions.
    这块荒凉的土地被分成3个开发区。
15. The town used to be a cultural desert.
    那个城市过去是一座文化沙漠。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The whole crew deserted.
   全体船员弃船逃生。
2. Many men deserted during the food shortage.
   饥荒时许多人逃往他乡。
3. The village had hurriedly deserted, perhaps because bandits were in the district.
   全村的人都匆匆逃走了,或许因为有土匪到达该地区。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Never desert a friend in need.
   决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。
2. He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.
   他丢下妻子儿女出国了。
3. He has become so rude that his friends are deserting him.
   他变得粗暴无礼,所以朋友们都不和他来往了。
4. Why did you desert us just when we needed you?
   我们正需要你的时候,你为什么扔下我们不管?
5. The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth.
   那个母亲生下婴儿后不久就把他遗弃了。
6. They deserted the fort without firing a shot.
   他们一枪未放便把要塞丢了。
7. They deserted the village because of the war.
   由于战争他们背井离乡。
8. They deserted their party and became a turncoat.
   他们背叛了自己的党,成了叛徒。
9. When he had to speak to her his courage suddenly deserted him.
   当他需要同她说话时,他突然失去了勇气。
10. The smile deserted his broad face.
    笑意从他宽阔的脸庞上消失了。
1
11. The students had gone. The corridor was deserted.
    学生们已经走了,走廊里空荡荡的。
12. The streets were deserted—everyone was watching the football match on television.
    街上空无一人,大家都在看电视上的足球赛。
13. The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.
    敌人头目众叛亲离。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.
   这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
2. The children came to a deserted castle and began with their mysterious expedition.
   孩子们来到这个荒无人烟的城堡,开始了他们神秘的探险活动。

经典引文

• In this desert inaccessible, Under the shade of melancholy boughs.

  出自：As You Like It , Shakespeare

• Hot winds whistle columns of dust out of the desert into the town.

  出自： R. P. Jhabvala

• Once they move out of a town centre, others will follow, leaving a desert.

  出自：Daily Express

• Far too many children have died in a desert of apathy.

  出自：New Statesman

• His slacken'd hand deserts the lance it bore.

  出自： Pope

• St. Kilda,..where men clung tenaciously for a time, but which..they have now deserted.

  出自： J. Hawkes

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

receive one's just deserts

受到应有的惩罚 get what one deserves

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• reclaim a desert 开垦沙漠

形容词+～

• barren desert 荒凉的不毛之地
• cultural desert 文化沙漠
• trackless desert 人迹罕至的沙漠
• arid desert 干旱的沙漠
• entertainment desert 一个缺乏文化娱乐的地方

名词+～

• the Gobi desert 戈壁滩沙漠
• the Sahara desert 撒哈拉沙漠

介词+～

• in a desert 在沙漠中
• on a desert 在沙漠中

～+介词

• be lost in a desert of doubt 陷入疑惑的荒漠中
• a desert of snow 一片雪原

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• desert a cause 背弃某种事
• desert a doctrine 背离某种学说
• desert an institution 离开某机构
• desert campaign pledges 背弃竞选的保证
• desert one's colours 变节
• desert one's family 遗弃家庭
• desert one's post 弃职
• desert one's principles 抛弃原则
• desert one's wife 抛弃妻子
• desert the army 从军队里开小差
• desert the land 抛弃土地
• desert the stage 离开舞台

～+副词

• desert basely 基本抛弃
• desert completely 绝迹
• desert cruelly 残忍地抛弃
• desert easily 容易抛弃
• desert finally 最后地抛弃
• desert heartlessly 狠心地抛弃
• desert virtually 事实上抛弃
• desert willfully 故意抛弃

～+介词

• desert from ship 擅自离船
• desert from the army 擅自离开军队
• desert sb in misfortune 抛弃遇到不幸的人
• desert sb in trouble 抛弃遇到困难的人
• desert to the enemy 叛逃投敌

词语用法

1. a desert表示“荒芜的地方”，指“一片沙漠”。表达“多片沙漠或荒地”时，用deser；
2. desert前有时可以加the有时可省，如a great stretch of desert的表达方式中没有the。

   Camels are peculiarly adapted for life in the desert.
   骆驼特别能适应沙漠里的生活。

3. 注意desert和dessert的区分。只是差了一个字母s，但是前者表示“沙漠，荒地”，后者则表示“甜点，甜品”。

n. (名词)

1. desert的基本意思是“沙漠”,指全部被沙子覆盖、很少下雨和少有植物生长的地方。也可指“像沙漠一样荒芜的地方”。可充当不可数名词,也可作可数名词,“一片沙漠”是a desert,“多片沙漠”是deserts。用作比喻可作“荒凉的境界”解,是不可数名词。desert还可作“应得到的事物”解,作此解时常用复数形式。
2. desert的重音在第一个音节。
3. desert前一般要有定冠词the,在作“沙漠地区”解时,前面的介词通常用in。

v. (动词)

1. desert用作及物动词意思是“抛弃,遗弃”,强调违背允诺、誓言,或逃避责任等,通常指永久的遗弃,并含有过失之义,后面接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
2. desert用作不及物动词时,意思为“开小差,逃亡”。
3. desert引申可表示“(在需要的时候)失去…”,作此解时,其宾语总是人,其主语通常是被失去的表示抽象意义的名词短语。
4. desert的过去分词deserted可用作形容词,在句中作定语。
5. desert用作动词时重音在第二个音节上。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

desert from, desert to

• desert from的意思是“逃出,逃离”; 而desert to的意思是“投向”。试比较:
• Many soldiers have deserted from the army.
• 许多士兵逃离了部队。
• Many soldiers have deserted to the enemy.
• 许多士兵已投降了敌人。

desert, abandon, forsake, give up, leave, quit

• 1.abandon的宾语可以是对其负有权利和义务的人(朋友、妻室儿女等)、物或事物(计划、希望、意见、职业等),例如:
• He abandoned medicine for literature.他弃医从文。
• desert的宾语主要是职责或应尽的义务; forsake的宾语可以是某种宗教信仰或爱好等,也可以是某人曾经一度爱慕或依恋过的人或物。例如:
• She forsook her worldly possessions to devote herself to the church.她抛弃所有而献身教会。
• 2.leave为普通用语,表示一般的“离开”,与off搭配时表示“放弃”,例如:
• It's time you left off that childish habit of thought.你该放弃那种孩子似的思维习惯了。
• abandon强调不负责任,丢弃不顾,永远和完全放弃,例如:
• I would never abandon any friends.我永远不会遗弃我的朋友。
• desert强调背信弃义,违背允诺、誓言或逃避责任,为法律或道德所不容; forsake强调断绝感情上的依恋,含有并不违背法律和道德规范的意味; quit表示突然地、仓促地放弃; give up包含有abandon, quit或leave的意思。
• 3.在原因或动机上, abandon, leave, give up可以是主动的、自愿的,也可以是被迫的、勉强的; quit则是主动的、自愿的,例如:
• I'd had enough, so I quit.我受够了,所以我辞职不干了。

abandon，desert，leave，give up，forsake

• 这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意
• abandon强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
• desert着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
• leave普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与结果。
• give up普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
• forsake侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的deserter；最初源自古典拉丁语的deserere：de (取消） + serere (加入），意为放弃。

近反义词

【近义词】

• barren
• wildness
• abandon
• forsake
• leave

【反义词】

• accompany
• join