shoulder

英 ['ʃəʊldə(r)] 美 ['ʃoʊldər]

• n. 肩膀；肩部
• v. 承担；扛；肩负；(用肩)推挤

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C] 肩,肩部,肩膀,肩胛

   part of the body where an arm, a foreleg or a wing attached; part of the human body from this point to the neck

2. [U] [C] 前腿肉

   piece of meat cut from the upper foreleg of an animal

3. [P] 背的上部

   part of the back between the shoulders

4. [P] 有责任或须承担责任的人

   a person with regard to the responsibilities, blame, etc. he must bear

v. (动词)

1. vt. 扛,担,挑,掮

   put sth on one's shoulder(s)

2. vt. 用肩顶

   … push sb/sth with one's shoulder

3. vt. 承担

   take (guilt, responsibilities, etc.) upon oneself

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 肩膀，肩，肩部，肩胛
2. 山肩
3. 瓶肩
4. 路肩（公路两侧供车辆紧急停靠的地带）
5. 肩状物
6. 衣服的肩部
7. 带肩肉的前腿肉
8. 前腿连肩肉

v. 动词

1. 挑起，肩起，把...掮在肩上，掮起，把...扛在肩上
2. 用肩推，用肩膀推，用肩顶…
3. 担，扛，背，挑，掮
4. 承担，担负，肩负
5. 挤，推
6. 闯，冲
7. 顶开，推开， 使劲推

英英释义

Noun:

1. the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

2. a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg

3. a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula

4. the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder;

   "an ornamental gold braid on the shoulder of his uniform"
   

5. a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road;

   "the car pulled off onto the shoulder"
   

Verb:

1. lift onto one's shoulders

2. push with the shoulders;

   "He shouldered his way into the crowd"
   

3. carry a burden, either real or metaphoric;

   "shoulder the burden"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The bullet wounded his shoulder.
   子弹打伤了他的肩膀。
2. Her hand rested lightly upon his shoulder.
   她的手轻轻地搭在他的肩膀上。
3. The bullet went clean through his shoulder.
   子弹穿透他的肩膀。
4. We walked in the street shoulder to shoulder.
   我们肩并肩走在街上。
5. Her hair falls over her shoulder.
   她的头发垂肩。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The manager was ready to shoulder the blame.
   经理愿意承担过失。
2. You don't need to shoulder the blame for this failure.
   你无须对这次失败承担责任。
3. He can shoulder a 200-pound bag.
   他能扛两百磅的袋子。
4. The soldiers shouldered their kit and moved on.
   士兵们背起行装，继续前进。
5. Each young person must shoulder his responsibility.
   每个青年都要担负他自己的责任。
6. Jack shoulder his way through the crowd.
   杰克用肩从人群中挤过去了。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. I have rheumatism in my left shoulder.
   我左肩患有风湿症。
2. She patted Hans on the shoulder.
   她拍汉斯的肩膀。
3. He dressed a jacket with wide shoulders.
   他穿了一件宽肩的夹克衫。
4. His shoulders bowed with age.
   他因年老而佝偻了。
5. The wife looked over her shoulder at her husband when she was hesitant.
   妻子犹豫不决,回头看丈夫的眼色行事。
6. As usual, those followers were looking over their shoulders at their master.
   和往常一样,奴才们回头看主子的眼色行事。
7. The patient seemed to feel a cold finger on his shoulder.
   病人似乎感到自己快要死了。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. She shouldered her rucksack and set off along the road.
   她背起帆布背包就上路了。
2. The oldest son should shoulder the burdens of the family.
   长子该担负起家庭的重担。
3. He must shoulder his responsibilities.
   他必须承担起他的责任。
4. She won't shoulder all the blame for the mistake.
   她不承担该过失的全部责任。

经典引文

• Kirsti called out over her shoulder.

  出自： F. King

• Asta..threw an arm around my shoulders, and guided me to a seat.

  出自： S. Rosenberg

• That supposed male idealsthe V-shaped torso, broad shoulders and slim waist.

  出自：Men's Health

• Andrew got between them, almost shouldering Nicandra out of his way.

  出自： ssssM. Keane

• Walls of rock..shouldering back the billows.sssss fig.: @{Literary Review}

  出自： transf.

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

a chip on one's shoulder

好吵架的脾气 quarrelling temper

have broad shoulders

有能力承担更多的责任 be able〔willing〕 to accept much responsibility

put one's shoulder to the wheel

开始艰苦的工作 start hard work

rub shoulders with

接触 have a touch with

shoulder to cry on

向某人倾诉苦楚 sb who listen to one's troubles sympathetically

shoulder to shoulder

肩并肩地; 齐心协力地 close together

shrug one's shoulder

不作决定,缺乏兴趣 display indecision; lack of interest

stand head and shoulders above

超过; 优于 excel sb

straight from the shoulder

直截了当地,坦率地 directly; without compromise

turn the cold shoulder

给予冷遇 turn a cold shoulder to sb

用作动词 (v.)

shoulder aside (v.+adv.)

用肩膀挤开 make sb move to one side, by or as by pushing with shoulder
shoulder sb aside
That rude man shouldered me aside and got on the bus ahead of me.

那个鲁莽的男子用肩膀把我挤开,抢在我前面上了公共汽车。

shoulder off (v.+adv.)

用肩膀推开 make sb move to one side, by or as by pushing with shoulder
shoulder sb/sth ⇔ off
He shouldered off a defender and shot at goal.

他用肩膀挡开防守队员，然后射门。

shoulder through (v.+prep.)

硬挤过去 force one's way through sth by pushing with shoulders
shoulder one's way through sth
He shouldered his way through the crowd.

他用肩挤,穿过人群。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• brush against sb's shoulder 擦某人的肩膀
• have broad shoulders 能挑重担
• give a/the cold shoulder to sb 对某人冷淡
• lower one's shoulders 落肩
• put one's shoulder to the wheel 出一把力,努力工作,尽力完成任务
• show the cold shoulder to sb 冷淡地对待某人
• square one's shoulders 挺直地坐〔站立〕(表示厌恶)
• tap sb's shoulder 拍拍肩膀
• turn a/the cold shoulder to sb 对某人冷淡

形容词+～

• broad shoulders 阔肩膀
• square shoulders 阔肩膀

介词+～

• straight from the shoulder 直截了当的(批评)
• have a head on one's shoulders 有见识
• have a heavy task on one's shoulders 肩负重任
• rifle on one's shoulder 肩上扛着的枪
• cry on sb's shoulder 向某人诉苦
• an old head on young shoulders 少年老成
• take it upon the shoulder 把它担负起来
• head and shoulders above 远远高出,大大胜过

～+介词

• shoulder of a lamb 羊的前腿肉
• shoulder of a mountain 山肩
• shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩,共同,协力地
• stand shoulder to shoulder 并肩而立
• work shoulder to shoulder 并肩工作,齐心协力地工作

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• shoulder one's rucksack 背起帆布背包
• shoulder one's way 用肩膀开路
• shoulder the burden 担起负担
• shoulder the duties 负起义务
• shoulder the responsibilities 负起责任

～+副词

• shoulder aside 把…挤到一边
• shoulder off 用肩挤开
• shoulder up 用肩扛起

～+介词

• shoulder one's way through 用肩挤以穿过…
• shoulder one's way to 用肩挤到

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. shoulder的基本意思是“肩,肩膀,肩胛”,指胳膊、前腿或翅膀与身体相连接的部位或两肩之间的部位,也可指“衣服的肩部”或“形状、部位似肩的部分”,是可数名词。
2. shoulder也可指牲畜的“前腿肉”,可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。
3. shoulder的复数形式shoulders可作“背的上部”解,即两肩之间的部位,用于比喻,可表示“有责任或须承担责任的人”。

v. (动词)

1. shoulder用作动词的意思是“扛,担,挑,掮”,指把某物放在肩上,也可表示“用肩顶某人〔物〕”,引申可作“承担”解。
2. shoulder是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

下面两个句子意思不同:

• He looked over his shoulder.
• 他回头望去。
• He looked over her shoulder.
• 他越过她的肩头向前看。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 他们并肩战斗,打败了侵略者。

   误 They fought shoulder by shoulder and defeated the aggressors.

   正 They fought shoulder to shoulder and defeated the aggressors.

   正 They fought side by side and defeated the aggressors.

   析 表示“并肩,齐心协力”,应该说shoulder to shoulder,或者side by side,但不能说成 shoulder by shoulder。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的sculdor，意为肩膀。

近反义词

【近义词】

• accept
• assume
• bear
• carry
• press
• push
• shove
• sustain
• thrust