firm

英 [fɜːm] 美 [fɜːrm]

• n. 公司；商行
• adj. 坚定的；结实的；坚固的；严格的
• v. (使)变得坚实；确定
• adv. 稳固地；坚定地

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 结实的,坚硬的,牢固的

   solidly fixed in place

2. 坚定不移的,矢志不渝的

   not changing or likely to change

3. 强有力的,坚信

   strong and giving a feeling of trust

n. (名词)

1. [C]公司,商行

   a business company

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)坚硬,(使)稳固

   (cause to) become firm

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 公司，企业，工作集体
2. 商号，商号，厂商
3. 事务所
4. 冰川粒雪

adj. 形容词

1. 坚定的，坚决的
2. 稳固的，牢固的，结实的，坚固的，坚硬的
3. 严格的
4. 【商】（货币）坚挺的，稳定的
5. 确定的
6. 紧缩的
7. 靠得住的

v. 动词

1. 变牢固，变坚实，变坚固
2. 使牢固，使坚固，使坚实，使稳固，（使）坚硬
3. 使确定下来，敲定，定案
4. 使强壮
5. 最后落实
6. 进一步确定（常与up连用）
7. 紧肤

adv. 副词

1. 稳固地，牢固地
2. 坚定地，坚定不移地

英英释义

Noun:

1. the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments;

   "he worked for a brokerage house"
   

Adjective:

1. marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable;

   "firm convictions"
   "a firm mouth"
   "steadfast resolve"
   "a man of unbendable perseverence"
   "unwavering loyalty"
   

2. not soft or yielding to pressure;

   "a firm mattress"
   "the snow was firm underfoot"
   "solid ground"
   

3. strong and sure;

   "a firm grasp"
   "gave a strong pull on the rope"
   

4. not subject to revision or change;

   "a firm contract"
   "a firm offer"
   

5. (of especially a person's physical features) not shaking or trembling;

   "his voice was firm and confident"
   "a firm step"
   

6. not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall;

   "stocks are still firm"
   

7. securely established;

   "holds a firm position as the country's leading poet"
   

8. possessing the tone and resiliency of healthy tissue;

   "firm muscles"
   

9. securely fixed in place;

   "the post was still firm after being hit by the car"
   

10. unwavering in devotion to friend or vow or cause;

    "a firm ally"
    "loyal supporters"
    "the true-hearted soldier...of Tippecanoe"
    "fast friends"
    

Adverb:

1. with resolute determination;

   "we firmly believed it"
   "you must stand firm"
   

Verb:

1. become taut or tauter;

   "Your muscles will firm when you exercise regularly"
   "the rope tautened"
   

2. make taut or tauter;

   "tauten a rope"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. He has established his own firm.
   他已建立起自己的公司。
2. He resigned his directorship and left the firm.
   他放弃了董事职务, 离开了公司。
3. The businessment started out as an errand boy at the age of 14 in a firm.
   这位大企业家从14岁时起就在一家商行里当听差。

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. We must maintain a firm attitude.
   我们必须采取坚定的态度。
2. Because of their pleasant personality, they had soon formed a firm friendship.
   因为他们友善的个性,他们很快就建立起坚固的友谊。
3. Parents must be firm with their children.
   父母对孩子一定要严格。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Exercise will firm up your muscles.
   锻炼身体能使肌肉结实。
2. We should be able to firm up the agreement today.
   我们今天应该能把协议确定下来。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. They made a firm pledge to support us.
   他们做出了坚定地承诺支持我们。
2. He gave a concise and firm summary of our position.
   他扼要而坚定地阐述了我方的立场。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The runner has firm muscles.
   那个赛跑运动员有一身结实的肌肉。
2. They have taken firm possession of the enemy position.
   他们已牢牢地占领了敌人的阵地。
3. He kept a firm hold on her hand as he helped her across the river.
   他在帮她过河时紧紧地抓住她的手。
4. His reply to the request was a firm “No”.
   对那个请求他坚决地回答:“不”。
5. Our offer was met with a firm refusal.
   我们的报价被坚决拒绝。
6. He expressed firm support for their cause.
   他对他们的事业表示坚决的支持。
7. He kept a firm hold on my arm as he helped me over the fence.
   他有力地拉着我的手臂,帮我越过栅栏。
8. I'm a firm believer in telling the truth.
   我坚信应该说真话。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. His muscles are very firm.
   他肌肉很结实。
2. Some soft foods become firm when cold.
   有些松软的食品凉了就变硬。
3. You must be firm.
   你必须坚决。

S+be+～+to- v

1. This wet ground is not firm enough to walk on.
   这块湿地不够坚实,不能在上面走。
2. I don't think that chair is firm enough to stand on.
   我想那椅子不够牢稳,不能站上去。

用作名词 (n.)

1. She works for an engineering firm.
   她在一家工程公司工作。
2. She works for a firm of stockbroker.
   她在一家股票经纪公司工作。
3. He was a partner in a firm of solicitors in Holborn.
   他是荷尔本一家律师事务所的合伙人。
4. The firm has not been doing well recently.
   这家公司最近经营状况不佳。
5. The firm is very successful, they're raking it in.
   这家公司很成功,正在赚大钱。
6. The firm have agreed to give me a two weeks' holiday.
   公司已经同意给我两个星期的假。
7. The firm are giving an important dinner.
   这家公司大摆宴席。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The jelly firmed quickly.
   果冻迅速坚硬起来。
2. His face firmed and he spoke with restrained anger.
   他把脸一沉,按捺着火气说话。
3. The market firmed slightly.
   行情稍有回升。
4. The voice firmed with decision.
   嗓音变得果断坚定。
5. Stock market prices have firmed.
   股票市场已经稳定了。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He reshuffled the cabinet to firm his government.
   他重新改组内阁以强化其政府。

经典引文

• Trading under the firm of 'Grant Co.'

  出自： C. E. Riddell

• Try whether the post is firm in the ground.

  出自：Oxford English Dictionary

• All the knots which you wished to be firm would come untied.

  出自： C. S. Lewis

• Jove has firm'd it with an Awfull Nod.

  出自： Dryden

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

a firm hand

严格控制 strong discipline or control

firm about

在…上态度坚定 determined about sth

firm against

坚挺的 not lower than another currency, etc. and possibly about to rise in price

firm in〔of〕

坚定的 determined in purpose

firm on one's feet

步伐稳定的 walking steady

firm with

对…严格 strong and consistent in attitude and behaviour, not easily persuaded to change one's mind, decision

用作动词 (v.)

firm up (v.+adv.)

把…安排得更稳妥,牢靠; 使稳定 arrange (sth) more firmly; cause to become firm
firm up
The soil is firming up now that the weather is drier.

天气干燥了,土壤也变得坚硬起来。 firm sth ⇔ up
Exercise will firm up your muscles.

锻炼身体能使肌肉结实。
The machine helps to firm the ground up for the game.

机器压实了比赛用的场地。 firm sth ⇔ up
We should firm up ties with the Third World.

我们应当加强与第三世界的联系。
I will return to Paris tomorrow, if I firm up the my air ticket.

如果我能把飞机票定下来的话,我打算明天回巴黎。
We should be able to firm up the agreement today.

我们今天应该能把协议确定下来。
The government must act to firm prices up.

政府必须采取措施稳定物价。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• firm faith 坚定的信念
• firm prices 稳定的物价
• firm steps 坚定的步伐

～+介词

• firm about… 的想法很坚定
• firm against 坚定地反对…的,比…坚挺的
• firm against the pounds (美元等)比英镑坚挺
• firm in one's purpose 意志坚决
• firm with 对…严格的
• firm with children 严格对待孩子

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• establish a firm 开商行
• manage a firm 经营商行
• operate a firm 经营商行
• run a firm 经营商行

形容词+～

• advertising firm 广告公司
• long firm 〈英〉诈骗商行
• manufacturing firm 制造公司
• shipping firm 运输公司
• tailoring firm 成衣店

名词+～

• business firm 商业公司
• export firm 出口公司
• trade firm 商行

～+介词

• firm in Paris 在巴黎的公司

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• firm the government 稳定政府

～+副词

• firm quickly 很快硬结
• firm safely 安全硬结
• firm sufficiently 有效地稳固
• firm prices up 稳住物价

～+介词

• firm around sth 把某物周围的土培实
• firm sth in its socket 把某物牢牢插在其座孔里

词语用法

1. firm作为名词是“公司”，“商行”的意思，但是必须是至少两人或者两人以上的企业，一个人独办的不算。例如：the firm of Harrison Co；
2. firm可与介词with连用。

   She is a clerk with the firm.
   她是公司的职员。

adj. (形容词)

1. firm的基本意思是“结实的”“牢固的”,指物体构造结实,不易坏,引申可表示“坚定不移的”“矢志不渝的”,指人处事稳健、坚守原则或信念,还可引申表示“强有力的”“坚信”,指人处事大度坚决、有力、使人有安全感。
2. firm在句中一般用作定语,偶尔也可用作表语。
3. firm的比较级是firmer,最高级是firmest。

n. (名词)

1. firm用作名词时,意思是“公司”“商行”,指两人以上合办的企业。
2. firm作主语时,谓语动词强调整体时用单数形式,强调其成员时用复数形式。

v. (动词)

1. firm用作形容词的意思是“牢固的,坚硬的”,转化为动词意思是“(使)坚硬”,引申可指“使稳定”“使坚定”。
2. firm可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

firm, hard, solid

• 这三个词都可表示“坚硬的”“坚定的”。其区别是：
• firm指组织与构造是坚韧的,不容易因拉伸、弯曲而变形,暗示稳定或坚固; hard指厚实或坚硬,能抵抗压力,几乎不能压缩、拉伸或挖掘或极度执著,有顽固之意; solid指结构很坚固,密度一致,有很强的稳定性,能抵抗任何压力。例如:
• I took a firm hold on the rope.我牢牢地抓住了绳子。
• The ground was too hard to dig.这块地太硬没法挖。
• The buildings are surrounded with solid walls.这座建筑周围用坚硬的墙围着。

n. (名词)

firm, company, corporation, partnerships

• 参见company条。

company，corporation，firm

• 这些名词均可表示“公司”之意。
• company多指生产或销售产品的公司、商号，也可指经办服务性项目的公司。
• corporation多指一个人拥有或多人联办的大公司，也指在其它地区或国家拥有分公司的公司。
• firm含义广泛，可指公司、商行或商号。规模可大可小，经营、管理的人员可多可少。

steady，firm

• 这一对形容词意思很接近。
• steady则意为“稳固的”，“扎实的”，强调保持平衡不动摇，如指有形物，则指根基的稳固；也可用于指运动中的平稳。
• firm常译为“坚固的”，“坚决的”，表示具体的事物地位牢固不易动摇；也可表示意志、信仰的“坚定”。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 他是史密斯兄弟商行的办事员。

   误 He is a clerk in〔at, on〕 the firm of Smith Brothers.

   正 He is a clerk with the firm of Smith Brothers.

   析 表示“是某公司的职员”时, firm前通常用with。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古典拉丁语的firmus，意为稳定，恒定。

近反义词

【近义词】

• braced
• convinced
• crisp
• hard
• reliable
• rigid
• stable
• strong
• sure
• tight
• unchanging
• unshakable
• business
• company
• concern
• corporation

【反义词】

• infirm
• loose
• soft
• unsound
• weak