familiar

英 [fə'mɪliə(r)] 美 [fə'mɪliər]

• adj. 熟悉的；不拘礼节的；熟知的
• n. 熟人；精灵

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 熟悉的,通晓的

   that you know well

2. 冒昧的,放肆的

   too friendly for the occasion

3. 随便的,非正式的

   without tight control; informal

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 熟悉的，通晓的
2. 日常用的，常见的，普通的
3. 亲近的
4. 不拘形式的，随便的，友好的
5. 冒昧的，放肆的
6. （男女间）亲昵的
7. （野生动物）驯服的，见人不害怕的，习惯与人相处的

n. 名词

1. 知交，伴侣
2. 常客
3. 熟谙者，老手
4. 高级官吏的家属
5. （天主教）教皇（或主教）的仆人
6. （传说中供女巫差遣的）妖精
7. （中世纪天主教会宗教裁判所）负责逮捕和关押被告的官员

英英释义

Noun:

1. a person attached to the household of a high official (as a pope or bishop) who renders service in return for support

2. a friend who is frequently in the company of another;

   "drinking companions"
   "comrades in arms"
   

3. a spirit (usually in animal form) that acts as an assistant to a witch or wizard

Adjective:

1. well known or easily recognized;

   "a familiar figure"
   "familiar songs"
   "familiar guests"
   

2. within normal everyday experience; common and ordinary; not strange;

   "familiar ordinary objects found in every home"
   "a familiar everyday scene"
   "a familiar excuse"
   "a day like any other filled with familiar duties and experiences"
   

3. (usually followed by `with') well informed about or knowing thoroughly;

   "conversant with business trends"
   "familiar with the complex machinery"
   "he was familiar with those roads"
   

4. having mutual interests or affections; of established friendship;

   "on familiar terms"
   "pretending she is on an intimate footing with those she slanders"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. I am not really familiar with the local laws.
   实际上我对当地的法律并不熟。
2. This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.
   我对这首摇篮曲很熟悉。
3. The children are too familiar with their teacher.
   这帮小学生对老师过于随便。
4. He looks so familiar but I can't remember his name.
   他看上去非常面熟，但我想不起他的名字来了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. She looked around for a familiar face.
   她环顾四周想寻找一个熟人。
2. The man was busy helloing familiar faces, shaking hands.
   那个男人正忙著一边和熟人打招呼，一边握手。
3. A familiar will assist the wizard.
   精灵会协助男巫。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. I hear her singing a familiar song.
   我听到她在唱一首熟悉的歌。
2. My eyes range over the crowded room, seeking a familiar face.
   我的眼睛不断地扫视挤满了人的房间,想找到一张熟悉的面孔。
3. He orientated himself by finding a familiar landscape.
   他找到了一处熟悉的景色,从而确定自己所处的方位。
4. St. Paul's cathedral is a familiar sight.
   圣保罗大教堂是人们熟悉的一个景观。
5. I can't stand that familiar tone he uses when he talks to young women.
   当他与年轻的女子谈话时,我不能忍受他那种放肆的语调。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. Two or three of them look familiar.
   他们中间有两三个人看起来很面熟。
2. She looks very familiar, but I can't remember her name.
   她看上去很面熟,但是我记不起她的名字了。
3. His name is familiar in the country.
   他的名字是全国周知的。
4. She told the taxi-driver not to be so familiar.
   她告诉计程车司机别这样过分随便。

经典引文

• Time and intercourse have made us familiar.

  出自： S. Johnson

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

familiar to

为…所熟悉 well known to sb; often seen or heard

familiar with

友好的,过分亲密的,不拘礼节的 friendly and informal

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• familiar article of everyday use 日常用品
• familiar excuse 常听到的借口
• familiar expression 常见说法
• familiar greeting 日常问候
• familiar phrase 习惯用语
• familiar poet 熟识的诗人
• familiar practice 习惯做法
• familiar routine 常规
• familiar scene 常见的情景
• familiar sight 常见的情况
• familiar song 熟悉的歌曲
• familiar voice 熟悉的声音

副词+～

• fairly familiar 相当熟悉
• thoroughly familiar 精通…

～+副词

• familiar enough 足够熟悉

～+介词

• familiar to sb 为某人所熟悉
• familiar with 熟悉,通晓,精通
• familiar with English 通晓英语
• familiar with French 通晓法语

词语用法

adj. (形容词)

1. familiar的基本意思是“熟悉的,通晓的”,指由于经常接触或长时间交往而像一家人一样彼此熟悉、了解,以至于言谈自如,甚至不拘礼节,随便甚至放肆。引申可表示“非正式的”“随便的”“冒昧的”“放肆的”。无比较级和最高级形式。
2. familiar在句中可用作定语或表语。
3. familiar与with连用时,还可作“通晓”解。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

familiar to, familiar with

• 这两个短语的共同意思是“熟悉”,都可用作表语或后置定语。其区别是：
• 1.familiar to的意思是“为…所熟悉”,其主语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语通常是人,而familiar with的意思是“熟悉…”,其主语只能是人,而宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。例如:
• 许多人熟悉他的名字。
• His name is familiar to many people.
• Many people are familiar with his name.
• 2.familiar with后接事物时,可作“精通,通晓”解。偶尔也见familiar to作此解,但不如前者普遍和自然。例如:
• He is familiar with four languages.他通晓四国语言。
• French is as familiar to him as English.他对法语就像对英语那样精通。
• 3.familiar with后接人时,还可作“同…亲密”解, familiar to仅表熟悉,无此含义。例如:
• He made himself much too familiar with my wife.他对我妻子亲昵得太过分了。
• He was familiar to her.他是她熟悉的人。

familiar, close, intimate

• 这三个词的共同意思是“亲近,亲密”。其区别是：
• familiar指经常接触,长时间的交往使彼此熟悉,亲近,甚至随便,不拘小节; close指由于感情、爱好、兴趣等方面的接近而趋于亲近,也指关系上的亲密; intimate是正式用语,指由于有某种关系(如血缘关系、朋友关系等)或深刻了解彼此的思想感情,或有共同的爱好、志向而亲近。例如:
• His familiar behaviour annoys me,I don't know him at all well.他随便的态度使我很不自在,其实我和他一点也不熟悉。
• They are close friends.他们是亲密的朋友。
• He is on intimate terms with my father.他和我父亲的关系很亲密。

常见错误

adj. (形容词)

1. 他对这个题目是相当熟悉的。

   误 He is quite familiar to this subject.

   正 He is quite familiar with this subject.

   析 表示“对…熟悉”“熟悉…”的意思时须用be familiar with...结构,后接sth。

2. 他的名字是我们这里的每个人所熟知的。

   误 His name is familiar with every one of us here.

   正 His name is familiar to every one of us here.

   析 表示“为…所熟悉〔知〕”的意思时须用be familiar to...结构,后接sb。

3. 教学生的方法对于我们的教学系统来说很熟悉。

   误 Methods of teaching the students are familiar to our educational system.

   正 Methods of teaching the students are familiar to our teachers.

   析 用familiar to,后只接人。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪中期进入英语，直接源自古法语的familier；最初源自拉丁语的familiaris，意为家里的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• close
• common
• confidential
• frequent
• intimate
• known
• well-known

【反义词】

• alien
• distant
• foreign
• rare
• unfamiliar
• unknown