dismay

英 [dɪs'meɪ] 美 [dɪs'meɪ]

• n. 沮丧；绝望
• vt. 使 ... 沮丧；使 ... 惊愕

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)惊愕或气馁

   (cause to) fell with dismay

n. (名词)

1. [U]惊愕,气馁

   feeling of shock and discouragement

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 沮丧，灰心，气馁，丧气，丧失勇气，垂头丧气
2. 惊慌，惊惶，慌张，万分惊恐，丧胆
3. 惊愕，诧异，吃惊，惊奇
4. 沮丧情绪
5. 狼狈，狼狈的样子

v. 动词

1. 使气馁，使沮丧，使失望，使灰心
2. 使惊慌，使丧胆
3. 沮丧，泄气，灰心丧气
4. 使...苦恼
5. 非常不安
6. 使惊愕，使诧异

英英释义

Noun:

1. the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

2. fear resulting from the awareness of danger

Verb:

1. lower someone's spirits; make downhearted;

   "These news depressed her"
   "The bad state of her child's health demoralizes her"
   

2. fill with apprehension or alarm; cause to be unpleasantly surprised;

   "I was horrified at the thought of being late for my interview"
   "The news of the executions horrified us"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The enemy retreated in perfect dismay.
   敌人沮丧地退去。
2. To my dismay, he made the same mistakes.
   让我感到沮丧的是，他又犯了同样的错误。
3. He watched the burning bouse with dismay.
   他绝望地看着着火的房子。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. The teacher was dismayed at the students' lack of response.
   老师对学生的毫无反应感到沮丧。
2. It dismayed us that the project had been canceled.
   那个计划取消了，这让我们非常惊讶。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Soldiers must never dismay.
   军人必须永不气馁。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The thought that she might fail the history test dismayed her.
   想到她的历史可能考不及格时,她很气馁。
2. He dismayed his colleagues by refusing the offer.
   他拒绝了这项建议,使同事们感到惊讶。
1
3. I was dismayed at the news.
   我听到这个消息,很沮丧。
4. He was dismayed when he found his wallet gone.
   他发现丢了钱包而惊慌失措。
5. The speaker was dismayed by the audience's lack of interest.
   听众没有兴趣,讲演者感到沮丧。
6. The travellers were dismayed to find the bridge had been wash away.
   旅行者们发现桥被冲跑了,很沮丧。
7. I was dismayed to learn that she had failed again.
   得知她又一次失败,我感到失望。

其他

1. She in one lifetime sees all causes lost, herself dismayed and hopeless.
   一生中,她看见所有事业都归于失败,而她自己则心灰意冷、无比失望。

用作名词 (n.)

1. I am filled with dismay at the news.
   我对这个消息极为震惊。
2. To their dismay, the door was locked.
   使他们惊慌的是,门已被锁上了。

经典引文

• My amusement at this soon changed to dismay.sssss Tolkien

  出自： ssssG. B. Shaw

• She hugged him tightly with tears in her eyes, dismayed at how much he had changed.

  出自： J. G. Farrell

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+副词

• dismay extremely 极端沮丧
• dismay thoroughly 完全气馁
• dismay utterly 十分惊愕

～+介词

• dismay at the news 对这消息感到惊愕
• dismay by 由于…而沮丧

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• feel dismay 感到惊愕
• strike dismay 使惊恐不安

介词+～

• fill〔struck〕 with dismay 极为惊愕

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. dismay的基本意思是指因前景可怕、不乐观或因受挫折而失去干某事的力量。
2. dismay可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。
3. dismay后常接介词at或by,介词宾语为事,表示“沮丧”。
4. dismay的过去分词dismayed常用作形容词,在句中作表语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

dismay, appal, daunt, horrify

• 这组词的共同意思是“引起惊恐、忧郁或使丧失勇气”。其区别在于:dismay指因前景令人沮丧或对某事束手无策,而失去继续干某事的力量; appal指足以把人吓瘫的恐惧,也指遇到无法改变的、使人惊愕的事或物所表现出的无能为力; daunt强调试图干大胆的事,但被威胁或压制,因而停止或退却; 而horrify指见到令人毛骨悚然的东西时的一种恐惧和发抖的反应,也可指失去尊严所引起的暂时的厌恶感。

近反义词

【近义词】

• alarm 警报
• consternation 惊愕
• bewilder 使迷惑
• confuse 使困惑
• bother 烦扰
• disturb 扰乱
• embarrass 使窘迫
• appall 使 ... 胆寒
• frighten 使惊吓
• depress 使沮丧
• daunt 使 ... 胆怯
• disappointment 失望
• shock 震惊
• apprehension 理解
• panic 惊慌
• sadness 悲哀
• depression 沮丧
• disappoint 使失望
• sadden (使)黯淡
• perturb 使烦恼
• discourage 阻碍
• horror 恐怖
• fright 惊骇
• terror 恐怖
• horrify 使恐惧
• funk 恐惧
• demoralise 使堕落
• demoralize 使士气低落
• discouragement 挫折
• get down 下来
• dispirit 使沮丧
• deject <古>垂头丧气的...
• cast down 扔掉
• appal 使 ... 惊骇
• disheartenment 气馁

【反义词】

• cheer 欢呼