black

英 [blæk] 美 [blæk]

• adj. 黑的；不加牛奶的；很脏的；愤怒的；令人沮丧的；邪恶的；阴沉的；机密的；黑色幽默的
• n. 黑色；黑人；黑色物
• v. 抵制；(使)变黑

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 黑的,黑色的

   of the very darkest colour, like coal or soot; opposite of white; of a colour very similar to this

2. 黑人的,黑肤色人种的

   of a dark-skinned race

3. 很脏的,有污垢的

   very dirty; covered with dirt

4. 感伤的,忧郁的

   without hope; very sad or melancholy

5. 恼怒的,怨恨的

   very angry or resentful

n. (名词)

1. [U]黑色

   black colour

2. [U]黑衣服

   black clothes

3. [C]黑人

   person of a dark-skinned race; Negro

v. (动词)

1. vt. 弄黑,涂黑

   make sth black; put polish on (shoes, etc.)

2. vt. 抵制

   refuse to handle (goods, etc.); boycott

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 黑，黑色的，漆黑的
2. 黑暗的，暗的，黯淡的
3. 不加牛奶的
4. 阴郁的，忧郁的
5. 黑人的
6. 穿黑衣的
7. 污染的，弄脏了的
8. 丢脸的
9. 发着脾气的，怒冲冲的
10. 毫无希望的
11. 不祥的
12. 灾难深重的

n. 名词

1. 黑人，黑色人种的人
2. 黑，黑色
3. 黑衣，尤指丧服
4. 黑色染料， 黑漆，黑色颜料，黑色墨水
5. 盈余，结余

v. 动词

1. 弄脏，染污
2. 变黑，成黑色
3. 把...弄黑，使变黑，染黑，涂黑
4. 阻塞，阻挡
5. 围困
6. 抵制，拒绝处理（货物），拒绝（同某人做生意）
7. 暂时失去知觉，昏厥，晕眩
8. 使（某处）变黑暗
9. 涂掉（文章）
10. 截断（电视广播）
11. 把黑色的鞋油涂在…上
12. 把（眼眶）打成青肿

adv. 副词

1. 秘密地
2. <英方>彻底地
3. <英方>极度地

英英释义

Noun:

1. the quality or state of the achromatic color of least lightness (bearing the least resemblance to white)

2. total absence of light;

   "they fumbled around in total darkness"
   "in the black of night"
   

3. British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)

4. popular child actress of the 1930's (born in 1928)

5. a person with dark skin who comes from Africa (or whose ancestors came from Africa)

6. (board games) the darker pieces

7. black clothing (worn as a sign of mourning);

   "the widow wore black"
   

Adjective:

1. being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light;

   "black leather jackets"
   "as black as coal"
   "rich black soil"
   

2. of or belonging to a racial group having dark skin especially of sub-Saharan African origin;

   "a great people--a black people--...injected new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization"
   

3. marked by anger or resentment or hostility;

   "black looks"
   "black words"
   

4. offering little or no hope;

   "the future looked black"
   "prospects were bleak"
   "Life in the Aran Islands has always been bleak and difficult"
   "took a dim view of things"
   

5. stemming from evil characteristics or forces; wicked or dishonorable;

   "black deeds"
   "a black lie"
   "his black heart has concocted yet another black deed"
   "Darth Vader of the dark side"
   "a dark purpose"
   "dark undercurrents of ethnic hostility"
   "the scheme of some sinister intelligence bent on punishing him"
   

6. (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin;

   "the stock market crashed on Black Friday"
   "a calamitous defeat"
   "the battle was a disastrous end to a disastrous campaign"
   "such doctrines, if true, would be absolutely fatal to my theory"
   "it is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it"
   "a fateful error"
   

7. (of the face) made black especially as with suffused blood;

   "a face black with fury"
   

8. extremely dark;

   "a black moonless night"
   "through the pitch-black woods"
   "it was pitch-dark in the cellar"
   

9. harshly ironic or sinister;

   "black humor"
   "a grim joke"
   "grim laughter"
   "fun ranging from slapstick clowning ... to savage mordant wit"
   

10. (of intelligence operations) deliberately misleading;

    "black propaganda"
    

11. distributed or sold illicitly;

    "the black economy pays no taxes"
    

12. (used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame;

    "Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands"
    "an ignominious retreat"
    "inglorious defeat"
    "an opprobrious monument to human greed"
    "a shameful display of cowardice"
    

13. (of coffee) without cream or sugar

14. soiled with dirt or soot;

    "with feet black from playing outdoors"
    "his shirt was black within an hour"
    

Verb:

1. make or become black;

   "The smoke blackened the ceiling"
   "The ceiling blackened"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. Do you have a black jacket?
   你有一件黑夹克吗？
2. How do you like coffee, black or white ?
   你喜欢什么样的咖啡?不加牛奶的还是加牛奶的?
3. His hands were black from working on the car all afternoon.
   他的双手因为整个下午都在修车而变得脏黑黑的。
4. His father looked as black as thunder.
   他的父亲看上去极为愤怒。
5. The future looks pretty black.
   前景看来很暗淡。
6. The black earthly spirit of the priests wounded my life.
   牧师邪恶的世俗灵魂伤害了我的心灵。
7. The sky looks black and threatening.
   天色阴沉可怕.
8. The Pentagon's black budget are very highly classified.
   五角大楼的机密预算是高度机密的。

用作名词 (n.)

1. The black shows up against the white.
   在白色的衬托下,黑色很显目。
2. He was the first black to be elected as Mayor.
   他是第一位被选为市长的黑人。
3. After her husband died, she dressed in deep black for the rest of her life.
   她丈夫去世后，她终生都穿着黑色丧服。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The unions have blacked all inports from country.
   工会拒绝处理从这个国家进口的一切货物。
2. He blacked his shoes before visiting his father-in-law.
   在拜访岳父之前，他把鞋子擦黑。
3. During the war we had to black out all our windows.
   战时我们必须用黑布遮着窗口以免透光。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. She has long black hair.
   她有一头乌黑的长发。
2. He has a black horse.
   他有一匹黑马。
3. Most Africans have black skin.
   大多数非洲人是黑皮肤。
4. It was a cold, black night.
   那是一个寒冷而漆黑的夜晚。
5. The black car belongs to the factory.
   那辆黑色小汽车是属于他工厂的。
6. The chimney blew out a cloud of black smoke.
   烟囱里喷出一团黑烟。
7. He is a black scientist.
   他是一位黑人科学家。
8. Many black people emigrated to Britain in the 1950's.
   在20世纪50年代,很多黑人移民到英国。
9. Enraged, he swung at his companion and gave him a black eye.
   他愤怒地挥拳打他的同伴,把他打得鼻青脸肿。
10. Jim got a black eye in his fight with Joe.
    吉姆和乔打架,眼睛被打青了。
11. The black memory of his mother's death rushed over him again.
    母亲的死使十分悲痛的往事又涌上他的心头。
12. Black passions boiled up inside him.
    他怒火中烧。
13. It began to freeze hard in the black cold of December.
    在严寒的12月里冰结得很厚。
14. He is a bass with a black voice.
    他是一个音调低沉的男低音。
15. Everybody could see black resentment filled his heart.
    大家可以看出,他的内心闷闷不乐。
16. He received a black refusal.
    他完全遭到了拒绝。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. My bicycle is black.
   我的自行车是黑色的。
2. It is black outside the house at night.
   夜晚屋外一片漆黑。
3. Your hands are black; go and wash them.
   你的手太脏了,去洗洗吧。
4. The bread was burnt black and hard.
   面包烤得又焦又硬。
5. He was burned quite black by the sun.
   他晒得很黑。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. Don't be so black at your neighbors.
   不要对你的邻居怒气冲冲。
2. Things looked very black for him.
   情况看来对他不利。
3. This area is an expanse of stones burnt black from millions of years of exposure to the scorching sun.
   这个地区是一望无垠的石头,几百万年来暴晒在烈日之下,都晒黑了。
4. She was black in the face.
   她气得脸红脖子粗。
5. Don't be black on me!
   不要对我怒气冲冲！
6. The sky grew black with clouds.
   黑云密布，天色阴暗。
7. The old man was black with rage.
   那老人气得脸色发紫。

用作宾语补足语

S+V+O+～

1. Don't bake the cakes black.
   别把饼烤焦了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Black is not my favourite colour.
   黑色不是我喜爱的颜色。
2. The box is lacquered in black.
   箱子被漆成了黑色。
3. The man in black was her husband.
   那个穿黑衣服的人是她丈夫。
4. The mourners were dressed in black.
   哀悼者穿黑衣服。
5. Discrimination against Blacks is still common.
   歧视黑人仍是普遍现象。
6. He was the first Black to be elected to the Congress.
   他是第一个被选入国会的黑人。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He blacked his shoes once a week.
   他每周给鞋涂一次油。
2. He blacked and polished his shoes.
   他把皮鞋涂上黑鞋油，并擦得亮亮的。
3. He blacked my eye in the fight.
   打架时他把我的一只眼睛打青了。

经典引文

• We must take black and white into our list, as colours with the painter though not with the optician.

  出自： W. M. Craig

• The cold black of 6 A.M.

  出自： J. Cheever

• Thou canst not make one haire white or blacke.

  出自：Bible (AV): Matthew

• The priest himself..Pours the black wine.

  出自： Pope

• Her eyes..were the blackest I had ever seen.

  出自： J. Rhys

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

black and blue

青一块紫一块 covered with bruises

go black

变成一片昏黑 become black

look black

暗淡 not very bright

paint sb black

说某人的坏话 say sth bad about sb

用作名词 (n.)

in black and white

黑白分明 (in) absolute terms, of good and bad, right and wrong

in the black

有盈余 have the surplus

用作动词 (v.)

black out (v.+adv.)

涂去 cover sth so that it cannot be read
black out
The plane dived suddenly, causing the pilot to black out.

飞机突然俯冲致使驾驶员昏了过去。
After the accident he blacked out and couldn't remember what happened.

事故之后,他失去了知觉,发生的事他记不起来了。
I'm sorry,I just blacked out for a few minutes.

对不起,我刚才晕过去了几分钟。 black sth ⇔ out
The stage was blacked out to hide a change of scenery.

舞台熄灯为的是不让观众看见换布景。
During the war, we had to make sure windows were carefully blacked out at night.

战争期间我们一定要在晚上把窗户关严,不能漏出光线。
The city was blacked out during the air raid.

空袭时全城实行灯火管制。 black sth ⇔ out
You had better black out that word.

你最好把那个字涂掉。

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• black ball 黑票
• black belt 黑带
• black bike 黑色的自行车
• ～ black
• black car 黑色的汽车
• black coffee 纯咖啡
• black day 凶日
• black eye 青眼眶
• black flag 海盗旗；霍乱旗
• black Friday 黑色星期五
• black frost 黑霜，暗霜；严重的冰冻
• black hair 黑头发
• black hole 黑洞；黑牢，牢房
• black horse 黑马
• black humor 黑色幽默
• black ice 黑薄冰
• black ink 〈美〉赢利，利润
• black knight 黑骑士
• black list 黑名单
• black mark 污点,损坏名誉的东西
• black market 黑市
• black marketeer 黑市商人
• black Monday 开学第一天
• black money 非法收入
• black mood 忧郁的心情
• black night 黑夜
• black scientist 黑人科学家
• black shadow 黑影
• black sheep 害群之马，败家子
• black skin 黑皮肤
• black smoke 黑烟
• black spot 〈英〉交通事故多发路段；危险地区或地点
• black tea 红茶
• black velvet “黑丝绒”饮料
• black voice 低沉的声音
• black water 〈美〉废水，污水

动词+～

• go black 变得昏暗
• look black 暗淡
• paint black 说坏话

～+介词

• black at 对…生气
• black for 对…不利
• black from 因…而变黑
• black with rage 气得脸色发紫

用作名词 (n.)

介词+～

• against black 歧视黑人
• in black 穿黑色的衣服

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• black a firm 抵制一家公司
• black lorry 抵制货车
• black shoes 用黑鞋油涂鞋

～+副词

• black carefully 关严
• black completely 彻底涂黑
• black out 暂时失去知觉,遮住灯光

词语用法

adj. (形容词)

1. black的基本意思是“黑的,黑色的”,指在颜色上表现为黑色,多用来修饰一些客观实在的名词(如头发、皮肤等)。引申可指“黑人的”“有污垢的”“感伤的”“恼怒的”。偶尔也可表示光线“暗”。
2. black在句中可用作定语或表语。

n. (名词)

1. black用作名词时意思是“黑色”,指相对于白色而言的一种颜色,还可指“黑衣服”或黑皮肤的人种,即“黑人”。
2. black主要用作不可数名词,当作“黑人”解时还可用作可数名词。
3. black作“黑人”解时首字母可以大写也可以小写。

v. (动词)

1. black用作动词时的意思是“弄黑,涂黑”,指将某物涂抹成黑色; 还可指“抵制”,即反对某人或某物。
2. black主要用作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。可用于被动结构。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

black, Negro, nigger

• 参见Negro条。

v. (动词)

black, blacken

• 这两个词都有“使变黑”的意思。其区别是：
• black通常指“有意地使…变黑”; blacken指“无意地使…变黑”,引申可指“毁坏(名誉)”。例如:
• He blacked the outside walls of his house.他把他房子的外墙涂成了黑色。
• The heavy smoke blackened her eyes.浓烟熏黑了她的眼睛。
• Nothing but his own doings blackened his reputation.是他自己的行为毁了他的名誉。

dark，dim，black，gloomy，obscure，vague，grey

• 这些形容词都含有“完全地或不完全地缺少光亮”之意。
• dark最普通用词，指缺乏自然光线或人工照明，使某物漆黑无光或光线十分微弱。
• dim指光线不足或视力较差，不能清晰地看见物体。
• black侧重颜色是黑色的，有时也指无光的黑暗。
• gloomy指光线不足或部分光线受阻而出现的阴暗。
• obscure指因光线不充足而使物体灰暗不清，失去光泽或若隐若现。作借喻时指因复杂、深奥或含糊而难于理解。
• vague通常作借喻用，形容抽象事物。
• grey与dark意思相近，但侧重阴暗单调的意味。

常见错误

adj. (形容词)

1. 在阳光下沐浴了两个小时的澡后,我被晒黑了。

   误 I became black after taking a two-hour bathe.

   正 I became very dark〔suntanned〕 after taking a two-hour bathe.

   析 表示“晒黑”时,不说become black,应说become dark或suntanned。

n. (名词)

1. 他穿着黑色的衣服。

   误 He was dressed in the black.

   正 He was dressed in black.

   析 表示“穿着某种颜色的衣服”时,可用“in+表示颜色的词”,此时在表示颜色的词前不加冠词。“in the black”的意思是“有盈余”。例如:

2. The new production method put the factory in the black.新生产方法使工厂有了盈余。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的blac，意为黑的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• coal-black
• dark
• dusky
• inky
• moonless
• swarthy

【反义词】

• cheerful
• clean
• light-skinned
• pristine
• pure
• white