sentence

英 ['sentəns] 美 ['sentəns]

• n. 句子；判决
• vt. 宣判；判决

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 宣判; 判决

   give a punishment to sb for doing wrong; condemn a person to a particular punishment

n. (名词)

1. [C] [U] 宣判,判决

   a punishment for a criminal declared to be guilty in court

2. [C] 句子

   a group of words that forms a statement, command, or question, usually contains a subject and a verb, and ends with any of the marks

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 宣判，判决，课刑
2. 句子，句
3. 主张，意见
4. 【数、逻】命题
5. 【音】乐句
6. <古>警句，格言，谚语

v. 动词

1. 宣判，判决
2. 使遭受

英英释义

Noun:

1. a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language;

   "he always spoke in grammatical sentences"
   

2. (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed;

   "the conviction came as no surprise"
   

3. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned;

   "he served a prison term of 15 months"
   "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"
   "he is doing time in the county jail"
   

Verb:

1. pronounce a sentence on (somebody) in a court of law;

   "He was condemned to ten years in prison"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. It is a fact that I have written this sentence.
   我写了这个句子是事实。
2. The judge will pass sentence tomorrow after looking at the report.
   法官看完报告后明天会做出判决。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. He has been sentenced to pay a fine of 1000 pounds.
   他被判罚款1000英镑。
2. He was sentenced to death.
   他被处以死刑。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The criminal had been sentenced.
   罪犯已被判了徒刑。
2. No one could understand why the murderer was not sentenced.
   谁也不理解为什么杀人犯没有被判处徒刑。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. The judge sentenced him to do hard labour.
   法官宣判他服苦役。
1
2. He has been sentenced to pay a fine of ￡1000.
   他被判罚款1000英镑。
3. They were sentenced to be hanged.
   他们被判处绞刑。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He read the sentence conversely.
   他倒着读句子。
2. The sentence is void of meaning.
   这句话缺乏意义。
3. This sentence is vague in sense.
   这个句子意思不清楚。
4. The sentence is susceptible to two interpretations.
   这个句子可以有两种解释。
5. It is the subjective complement in the sentence.
   它在这个句子中是主语补足语。
6. There is a straight line under the sentence.
   句子下面有一条直线。
7. Neither sentence is correct.
   两个句子都不对。
8. The meaning of the sentence is obvious to everybody.
   每个人都明显地知道这个句子的意思。
9. I lost the end of the sentence.
   我没听见那句话的末尾。
10. I can't sum up his whole philosophy in one sentence.
    我无法用一句话来概括他的全部人生观。
11. Make sentences with this phrase, please.
    请用这个短语造几个句子。
12. The sentence can, therefore, be expected to be severe.
    因此,完全可以预料判决将是严厉的。
13. The judge looked solemn as he was about to pass sentence.
    法官在宣判前表情严肃。
14. The Supreme Court is expected to uphold the death sentence.
    预计最高法院将维持死刑的原判。
15. The convict was pardoned after serving five years of his sentence.
    那个囚犯在服刑五年后被赦免。

经典引文

• Freed after serving eight months of their two-year sentences.

  出自：Daily Telegraph

• The judge pronounced sentence of imprisonment for life.

  出自： N. Gordimer

• You were sentenced for throwing corrosive fluid over your wife.

  出自：Pall Mall Gazette

• Wilde was convicted and sentenced to two years' hard labour.

  出自： R. P. Graves

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

sentence to (v.+prep.)

使…遭受 force (sb/sth) to suffer (sth or doing sth unpleasant)
sentence sb to sth
The judge sentenced the murderer to death.

法官宣判杀人犯死刑。
The judge sentenced him to five years for theft.

因盗窃罪法官判处他五年徒刑。
Then the manager was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment for smuggling.

当时那位经理因走私罪被判七年徒刑。
He was tried on the charge of inciting to riot and sentenced to thirty days in jail.

他因被指控煽动骚乱而受到审判,并被判处30天监禁。 sentence sb/sth to sth/v-ing
There is no need to think that you are sentenced to a lifetime of unhappiness.

没必要认为你就注定一辈子得不到幸福。
Many fine old houses in the city are being sentenced to destruction by the council's rebuilding plans.

本市很多完好的古老建筑都因市议会的重建规划而将被拆毁。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+介词

• sentence for 因…而判刑
• sentence for theft 因偷窃罪被判刑
• sentence to 判处
• sentence to a fine 被判处罚款
• sentence to death 被判死刑
• sentence to five years 被判刑五年

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• add a sentence 加上一个句子
• analyze a sentence 分析句子
• build a sentence 造句
• carry out a sentence 执行判决
• choose a sentence 选择句子
• coin a sentence 造句
• complete a sentence 完成一个句子
• complete one's sentence 服刑期满
• compose a sentence 造句
• correct a sentence 订正句子
• form a sentence 造句
• make up a sentence 造句
• pass sentence on〔upon〕 sb 判某人刑
• polish a sentence 给句子润色
• pronounce a sentence 宣布一项判决
• quote a sentence 引用一句话
• reduce a sentence 减刑
• rewrite a sentence 改写句子
• serve a sentence 服刑
• write good sentences 文笔流畅

形容词+～

• accumulative sentence 累计徒刑
• complete sentence 完整的句子
• complex sentence 复合句
• difficult sentence 难句子
• former sentence 原判
• harsh sentence 重刑
• heavy sentence 重刑
• impersonal sentence 非人称句
• interrogative sentence 疑问句
• involved sentence 复杂的句子
• light sentence 轻刑
• long sentence 长句
• severe sentence 重刑
• short sentence 短句
• simple sentence 简单句
• three-year sentence 三年徒刑

名词+～

• capital sentence 死刑
• death sentence 死刑
• life sentence 无期徒刑
• prison sentence 监禁
• topic sentence 主题句

～+名词

• sentence elements 句子成分
• sentence patterns 句型
• sentence structure 句子结构

介词+～

• in a sentence 用一个句子
• under sentence 被判刑
• under a death sentence for murder 因谋杀罪被判处死刑

～+介词

• sentence of this type 这一类型的句子

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. sentence的基本意思是“宣判,判决”,一般指法庭在审判之后决定和宣布对某人进行惩罚,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,还可接以动词不定式充当宾语补足语的复合宾语。
2. sentence常用于被动结构,并常与介词to连用。
3. sentence与for连用,意为“因…而判处”; 与to连用意为“判处…”。

n. (名词)

1. sentence的基本意思是“判决,宣判”,指的是由法官或执法者颁布的一道命令,旨在惩罚某些罪犯。
2. sentence还可指语法中的“句子”,一般由若干个单词组成,首字母要大写。作此解时是可数名词。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

sentence, condemn

• 这两个词的共同意思是“判处,宣判”。在表示“判处死刑”时,二者可通用; 在表示“判处…年徒刑”时,两者用法不同,用sentence时,年限在前,刑罚在后,用condemn时刑罚在前,年限在后。试比较:
• 她被判处8年徒刑。
• She was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment.
• She was condemned to imprisonment for eight years.

下面两个句子意思相同:

• The judge sentenced the person to three years in prison.
• The judge sentenced the person to three years' imprisonment.
• 法官判处这个人三年监禁。

sentence，condemn，judge，convict，doom

• 这些动词均含有“判决、宣判”之意。
• sentence法律用词，指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
• condemn指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。
• judge指对案件作出审理判决，但判决内容较笼统，不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。
• convict法律用词，指审判后判定有罪，但未作最后判决。
• doom书面用词，指郑重他宣判某人有罪。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 法官判处这罪犯三年徒刑。

   误 The judge sentenced the criminal for three years' imprisonment.

   正 The judge sentenced the criminal to three years' imprisonment.

2. 法官判处他盗窃罪徒刑5年。

   误 The judge sentenced him for five years to theft.

   正 The judge sentenced him for five years for theft.

   析 sentence在表示“判多少年,判死刑”时,后面要跟介词to,不能跟介词for。表示“因…而判处”时跟介词for,不跟介词to。

n. (名词)

1. 被判处死刑

   误 under a sentence of death

   正 under sentence of death

2. 对…判刑

   误 pass〔pronounce〕 the sentence on〔upon〕

   正 pass〔pronounce〕 sentence on〔upon〕

   析 在此类短语中,前不用冠词a或the。

词源解说

• ☆ 13世纪晚期进入英语，直接源自古法语的sentence；最初源自古典拉丁语的sententia，意为思想，意思。

近反义词

【近义词】

• condemn
• doom
• judge
• condemnation
• decision
• judgement
• order
• pronouncement