judge

英 [dʒʌdʒ] 美 [dʒʌdʒ]

• n. 法官；裁判
• v. 断定；判断；审判

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 审判; 评判; 断定

   act as a judge; give a decision in a competition, etc.; form an opinion about

n. (名词)

1. [C]法官,审判员

   a public official who has the power to decide questions brought before a court of law

2. [C]裁判员,评判员

   a person who has been appointed to decided the result of a competition

3. [C]鉴定人,鉴赏家

   a person who has the knowledge and experience to give valuable opinions

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 裁判员
2. 鉴定人，鉴赏家
3. 最高审判者，法官，推事 ，审判员
4. 评判者，评判员
5. 【史】士师（古以色列的统治者）

v. 动词

1. 审判，审理，判决，裁判，裁决，裁定
2. 断定
3. 批评，指责
4. 认为
5. （作）评价，评定，评判
6. 监定
7. 识别，鉴定
8. （下）判断，估计，猜测
9. 担任裁判
10. 勿以貌取人

英英释义

Noun:

1. a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice

2. an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality

Verb:

1. determine the result of (a competition)

2. form a critical opinion of;

   "I cannot judge some works of modern art"
   "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?"
   "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people"
   

3. judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time);

   "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds"
   

4. pronounce judgment on;

   "They labeled him unfit to work here"
   

5. put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of;

   "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"
   "The judge tried both father and son in separate trials"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. He is an impartial judge.
   他是一位公正的法官。
2. At the end of the trial, the judge summed up.
   审讯结束后,法官作了总结。
3. The judges' decision is final.
   裁判的决定为最终决定。

用作动词 (v.)

1. I judge him to be about 40.
   我断定他有40来岁。
2. You can't judge a book by its cover.
   不能根据封面判断一本书(不可以貌取人)
3. He's too young to judge which is better.
   他太年轻, 不能判断哪一个更好。
4. He will judge the case solely on its merits.
   他将完全根据是非曲直审理这一案件。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. I am not in the position to judge.
   我无权作出判断。
2. As far as I can judge, this book is useful.
   据我判断,这本书有用。
3. He was asked to judge at the art exhibition.
   他被邀请当画展的评委。
4. They have their own minds.They will judge for themselves.
   他们自己有头脑,可以自己作出判断。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. It is hard to judge this case.
   这个案子很难断。
2. The court was unable to judge the case before all evidence was put before it.
   在全部证据被提出来之前,法庭不能审判这个案子。
3. She seemed to be watching him, judging him.
   她似乎在观察他,评价他。
4. Who is going to judge the horses?
   谁来评判马匹的优劣呢?
5. Who is going to judge the long-jump competition?
   谁来当跳远比赛的裁判?
6. Teachers always judge their students on the final examination.
   老师常根据期末考试来评价他们的学生。
7. We must know how to judge people.
   我们必须善于识别人。
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8. They were not judged fairly.
   对他们的评判是不公正的。

S+～+wh-to- v

1. Can you judge which way to take?
   你能判断应走哪一条路吗?
2. He was calm and concentrated in judging how to defeat his opponent.
   他冷静沉着,聚精会神地判断如何打败对手。

S+～+(that-) clause

1. The police judged the criminal was still in the city.
   警察断定该罪犯仍在这个城市。
2. The teacher judged his students had finished the exercises.
   老师估计学生们已做完了练习。
3. I judged, from his manner, that he was guilty.
   从他的举止态度来看,我判断他有罪。
4. I judged that you had forgotten to come.
   我判断你是忘记来了。
5. I judged that it was best to resign.
   我认为辞职是最好的选择。
6. We judge that she is the best candidate.
   我们认为她是最佳人选。

S+～+wh-clause

1. He's too young to judge which is better.
   他太年轻,不能判断哪一个更好。
2. How will they judge which is likely to be reliable?
   他们如何断定哪一个是更可靠的?
3. Can you judge who will win?
   你能断定谁会获胜吗?
4. Nobody can judge why he did it.
   谁都无法判断他为什么干那事。
5. Can you judge how he finished it so soon?
   你能判断他怎样如此快速地完成了这件事?
6. I can't judge whether he was right or wrong.
   我不能断定他是对还是错。
7. I can't judge whether he will come today.
   我不能断定他今天是否来这里。
8. I couldn't judge whether the delay was good or bad.
   我不能断定这样延迟是好还是坏。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +(to be/as) n./adj.

1. I judge him a skilled worker.
   我断定他是个熟练工人。
2. We judged the distance to be four miles.
   我们估计距离在4英里。
3. He judged them to be the best plays he had ever seen.
   他认为它们是他看过的最好的话剧。
4. They judged her stupid.
   他们认为她很蠢。
5. I judge him to be loyal.
   我认为他很忠诚。
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6. These horses were judged the best in the county.
   这些马被评为全县最好的马。

S+～+it+ n./adj. +to- v

1. She judged it a useless attempt to advise him.
   她断定，给他提建议是徒劳的。
2. He judges it safer to go away than to stay.
   他认为离开比留下安全。
3. The committee judged it better to start the work at once.
   委员会认为最好立即开始这项工作。

S+～+ n./pron. +(to-) v

1. She judged them to have finished.
   她断定他们已经干完了。
2. I judged them to have gone.
   我断定他们已经走了。

S+～+ n./pron. + prep. -phrase

1. They judged it of little importance.
   他们断定它毫不重要。
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2. By noon, all 61 people were judged out of danger.
   到中午时,有61个人看来脱离了危险。

用作名词 (n.)

1. As a judge, she tried her best to exercise her power.
   作为法官,她尽力行使自己的权力。
2. The judge refused to give him another hearing.
   审判官拒绝再给他一次申辩的机会。
3. The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the explosion.
   法官判给那次爆炸受害者一大笔赔偿金。
4. The president has not appointed a single black judge to the south.
   总统从未向南方委派过一个黑人法官。
5. The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy.
   囚犯恳求法官宽大处理。
6. If I tell the judge that I wasn't there, will you bear me out?
   如果我告诉法官我不在场,你能为我作证吗?
7. He came back at the judge with some sharp questions.
   他提出了几个尖锐的问题来反驳法官。
8. The judge asked the whole group to dismiss the lawyer's remark from their minds.
   法官要求全体组员忘记这个律师所说的话。
9. A judge will discriminate between different degrees of crime.
   法官会区分罪行的轻重程度。
10. The powers of a judge are defined by law.
    法官的权限是由法律规定的。
11. The judge was biased in favour of the second candidate, who was educated at the same college as himself.
    评判员对第二名候选人有偏袒,他们俩在同一所学校受过教育。
12. The panel of judges included several well-known writers.
    评判小组中包括几位知名作家。
13. The judges awarded the prize to her.
    裁判判定她得奖。
14. I'm no judge of music, but I know what I like.
    我不是音乐鉴赏家,但我知道我喜欢什么。
15. She's a good judge of character.
    她很能鉴别人的性格。
16. I don't like this wine—not that I'm any judge.
    我不喜欢这种酒,这倒不是说我是什么评酒的行家。
17. He is no judge on such matters.
    对于这些事,他是外行。
18. Mr. Taylor is a good judge of the fine arts.
    泰勒先生是美术鉴赏行家。
19. He is a good judge of horses.
    他是鉴赏马的行家。
20. It sounds a very bad poem to me. But I'm no judge.
    我听起来这首诗很糟,但我是外行。

经典引文

• It is the voice of a judge, summing up and charging the jury.

  出自： C. Isherwood

• Christ will come a second time, in glory, to judge the living and the dead.

  出自： M. West

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

judge between (v.+prep.)

在…间判定优劣 decide which is the better of two things or people
judge between sb/sth
God will judge between you and me.

上帝会在你我之间作出裁决。
It is impossible to judge between the two paintings, they're both charming.

评定出这两幅画的优劣不可能,因为两幅画都很美。

judge by〔from〕 (v.+prep.)

根据〔由〕…作出判断 base one's opinion of sth on sth; form an opinion based on sth
judge by〔from〕 sth
Judging by the sound of his voice, the man couldn't be very young.

听声音,那人已不太年轻。
Judging by the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.

从观众的反应看来,这次演出相当成功。
Judging by her dress, she may be of the Yi nationality.

从她的打扮看,她或许是彝族人。
Judging by the look in her face, she might have failed the examination.

根据其脸上的表情来判断,她可能考试没及格。
To judge from the present information, the dead was still alive at three o'clock.

从目前得到的情况来看,死者3点钟时还活着。
Don't judge from appearances.

人不可貌相。
Judging from what he said, he is an old hand in this field.

从他的谈话来看,他是这方面的老手。
Judging from his conduct,I assume he is lacking in education.

从他的行为来看,我认为他缺乏教育。
Judging from what you say, he is fully justified doing so.

照你所说的,他这样做完全有理由。
Judging from her letters, mother seems to be feeling a lot better.

从妈妈的信来看,她似乎感觉好多了。 judge sb/sth by〔from〕 sth
Don't judge a man by his looks.

勿以貌取人。
You'd better not judge him by his appearance.

你最好不要根据他的外表对他作出判断。
You can't judge this by its result.

你不能从它的结果来判断这件事。
You can't judge a book by its covers.

你不能仅凭封面来判定一本书的好坏。(不能以貌取人。)
People are liable to judge others from their own first impressions.

人容易以自己的最初印象来评价别人。
I judge by his dress that he is a rich man.

我从他的穿着看出他是个有钱人。
This case is being judged by the Supreme Court.

本案正由最高法院审理。

judge of (v.+prep.)

对…作出评价 form a critical evaluation of
judge of sth
I really don't know how to judge of a picture.

我实在不知道如何评价一幅画。
I find it hard to judge of my own work.

我觉得很难判断自己的工作如何。
I cannot judge of these things till I examine them carefully.

在对这些事情作仔细考查之前,我无法对它们进行判断。
You can judge of its merits and demerits for yourself.

你可以自己判断它的优劣。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• judge the distance 判断距离
• judge the murder case 审理谋杀案
• judge the quality 评价质量

～+副词

• judge accurately 准确地判断
• judge adversely 相反地评论
• judge brutally 残酷地评判
• judge candidly 正直地审判
• judge casually 非正式地评判
• judge cautiously 谨慎地评判
• judge delightedly 高兴地评判
• judge equitably 公正地评判
• judge fairly 公正地审判
• judge fondly 盲目地评判
• judge freely 随意地评判
• judge harshly 从严判决
• judge hastily 仓促地审判
• judge immediately 立即评判
• judge intelligently 聪明地评判
• judge kindly 仁慈地审判
• judge leniently 从宽判决
• judge peacefully 平静地判决
• judge philosophically 冷静地判决
• judge probably 适当地评判
• judge recklessly 轻率地评判
• judge regretfully 遗憾地判决
• judge reluctantly 不情愿地评判
• judge rightly 正确地审判
• judge scientifically 科学地判决
• judge secretly 秘密地判决
• judge sensibly 明智地判决
• judge shamefully 无耻地评判
• judge unfairly 不公正地审判
• judge unwisely 不明智地评判

～+介词

• judge according to 根据…评价
• judge at a show 在展览会上作评审工作
• judge between right and wrong 判断是非
• judge between the two 在这两个中选一个,判断(是非)
• judge by 从…来判断,根据…来判断
• judge by what sb say 由某人的话看来
• judge for oneself 自己作出判断
• judge from 从…判断,根据…来判断
• judge from sb's manner 从某人的举止上判断
• judge from the facts 根据事实判断
• judge of 对…评价
• judge of a man by his looks 以貌取人
• judge of a picture 评价一幅画
• judge on 下评语

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• act as judge 当法官
• appeal to judge 上诉到法官
• appoint judge 委派法官
• become a judge 当法官
• elect judge 选举法官
• hire judge 雇佣评判员
• impeach judge 弹劾法官
• oust judge 驱逐法官

形容词+～

• associate judge 陪审员
• brutal judge 残忍的法官
• capable judge 能干的法官
• capital judge 首席法官
• competent judge 能胜任的法官
• constitutional judge 任命的法官
• disinterested judge 公正的法官
• dispassionate judge 冷静的法官
• dyspeptic judge 易怒的法官
• elective judge 选任的法官
• equitable judge 公平的法官
• existing judge 现任法官
• fastidious judge 苛刻的法官
• favorable judge 赢得赞同的法官,前途有望的法官
• finicky judge 苛刻的法官
• fitting judge 称职的法官
• frowning judge 不悦的法官
• honorable judge 受人尊敬的法官
• imaginary judge 富于想象的法官
• learned judge 博学的法官
• rightful judge 公正的法官
• ruthless judge 公正的法官
• sagacious judge 有洞察力的法官
• shrewd judge 精明的法官
• sole judge 唯一的法官
• supreme judge 最高法官
• sympathetic judge 富于同情心的法官
• terrible judge 令人胆寒的法官
• undiscriminating judge 公正的法官
• upright judge 正直的法官
• wicked judge 邪恶的法官
• worthy judge 杰出的法官

名词+～

• army judge 军事法官
• beauty judge 选美评判人
• district judge 地区法官
• field judge 场内裁判员

～+名词

• judge Advocate 总法官,军法检察官
• judge Advocate General 军法署署长
• judge Advocate General's Department 军法处,军法署

介词+～

• as grave as a judge 像法官一样庄重,非常严肃
• be taken before the judge 被提受审
• be tried by a judge 由审判官审问

～+介词

• judge at a fair 博览会的评判员
• judge at a flower show 花展评判人
• judge at a sports meet 运动会的裁判员
• be no judge in such matters 对这些事是外行
• good judge of cattle 鉴别牲畜的行家
• not a judge of paintings 不懂绘画评论

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. judge的基本意思是“评判”“审判”,指法庭或类似(如仲裁)机构对悬而未决或争论不止的事依据证据、法律或道德标准等作出判断。引申可指“评价”。
2. judge还可表示“断定”,指人根据自己的逻辑思维对他人〔物、事物〕作出判断。judge可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,用作及物动词时接名词、代词或带疑问词的动词不定式作宾语,也可接that从句、疑问词从句作宾语。可用于被动结构。
3. judge还可接以动词不定式、介词短语或“(to be+) n./adj. ”充当补足语的复合宾语。充当judge宾语补足语的动词不定式可带to,也可不带to。当该动词不定式所表示的时间先于judge所表示的时间时,应用不定式的完成式,且to不可省略。
4. 当judge接以动词不定式充当宾语,形容词或名词充当其补足语的复合结构时,通常采用形式宾语的结构,即以it作形式宾语,而将真正宾语动词不定式置于补语的后面。
5. judge可接介词by或from表示“根据…作出判断”,两者意思上无差别。judge by〔from〕引导的分句其主语与句子主语并不一定一致。

n. (名词)

1. judge用作名词的基本意思是“法官,审判员”,指主持法院工作并听取证词、对案件作出判决的法官。广义上可指作为有权威(通常具备必要的知识或经验)对某事作出公正的决断或鉴定的人,因而引申可作“裁判员,评判员”“鉴定人,鉴赏家”解。
2. judge是可数名词,有时还可用于称呼语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

judge, adjudge, adjudicate, arbitrate

• 这组词都有“裁决”的意思。其区别是：
• judge指在审查了双方的证据,听取了证词和衡量了双方的功过之后裁定哪一方正确或有理,强调审判的“过程”; adjudge指在审判结束或在审判过程中法庭作出判决,强调审判“程序”; adjudicate指法庭以裁定、宣判或法令等形式作出正式和慎重决议,即强调审判“结果”; arbitrate指由一人或多人组成的机构对有争执的事件作出慎重决定,这种机构的设立不一定符合法律程序,但为争执双方认可。

judge, conclude, deduce, gather, infer

• 这几个词的共同意思是“推断”。其区别在于:infer指从不太充分的论据或前提中推断出结论; conclude指通过推理或判断而得出结论; deduce指有充分根据地推论或逻辑上地演绎; gather指综合事物得出印象或感想等; judge通常指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出的决断。例如:
• From his a manner of dress and style of living,I gather that he is man of considerable means.从他的穿着式样和生活方式,我揣想他是个相当富有的人。
• She had concluded from that her grandmother did not like her.她已从那一点得出结论,断定她祖母不喜欢她。
• If you saw a doctor leaving a house, you might deduce the fact that someone in the house was ill.你要是看到医生从一家出来,你就可以推想那家有人生病。
• We see smoke and infer fire.我们看到烟,从而推断有火。
• Judging from what you said, they ought to succeed.从你说的情况看来,他们应当能成功。

下面的句子意思相同,但语体不尽相同:前两句属于非正式语体,多用于比较随便的口语会话中; 后三句较为正式,多用于书面语体。试体会:

• I judge that she is an excellent lawyer.
• She is an excellent lawyer,I judge.
• I judge her to be an excellent lawyer.
• I judge her an excellent lawyer.
• I judge her as an excellent lawyer.
• 我认为她是一位好律师。

n. (名词)

judge, arbiter, arbitrator, referee, umpire

• 这组词都可指在观点发生冲突或分歧的情况下,有权或授权作出裁决的人。其区别是：
• judge的本义指主持法院工作并听取证词,对案件作出判决的法官。广义上讲, judge可指鉴定人。arbitrator和arbiter均可指从争议双方推举出来解决分歧的仲裁者或公断人,但arbitrator更为常见。arbitrator通常单独或与人合作来裁决(尤指劳工方面的)纠纷,而arbiter(书面语)常指没有权威或官职而靠自己的权威对非法律问题(如时装、文学等)作出决断或提出乐意遵从的准则的人。例如:
• Dress designers, not dress-makers, are the arbiters of women's fashions.由服装设计师而不是缝衣匠来判定女装的流行款式。
• referee和umpire均含有arbitrator(仲裁者、公断人)的含义。在此意义上, referee适用于在技术方面为处理特殊诉讼案件而由官方指定的仲裁人; 而umpire是指在重要或错综复杂的论点中,当双方公断人发生意见冲突或僵持不下时,出面进行最终裁决的人。此外,两词还常用于体育方面,指那些被指定实施比赛规则、排解纠纷的裁判员。此时的referee指篮球、台球、拳击、足球、曲棍球等比赛的裁判; 而umpire常指在网球、羽毛球、乒乓球、排球、游泳等比赛中充当裁判的人员。此外,乒乓球和网球的裁判有时也称judge。

infer，deduce，conclude，gather，judge

• 这些动词均含“推断”之意。
• infer指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
• deduce指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎。
• conclude指得出符合逻辑的结论。
• gather指从听到的情况推测、判定。
• judge多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。

sentence，condemn，judge，convict，doom

• 这些动词均含有“判决、宣判”之意。
• sentence法律用词，指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
• condemn指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。
• judge指对案件作出审理判决，但判决内容较笼统，不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。
• convict法律用词，指审判后判定有罪，但未作最后判决。
• doom书面用词，指郑重他宣判某人有罪。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 很糟糕,他错估了当前形势。

   误 He badly judged the present situation.

   正 He judged the present situation badly.

   析 judge一般不与加强程度或语气的词直接连用,如果需要这类词修饰时,要将其置于句尾修饰全句。

词源解说

• ☆ 13世纪初期进入英语，直接源自盎格鲁法语的juger；最初源自古典拉丁语的jugier，意为判断。

近反义词

【近义词】

• adjudge
• adjudicate
• arbitrate
• condemn
• convict
• sentence
• arbiter
• arbitrator
• referee
• umpire