train

英 [treɪn] 美 [treɪn]

• n. 列车；火车；行列；一系列
• vt. 训练；培训；瞄准
• vi. 进行锻炼，接收训练；练习

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C]列车,火车

   railway engine with several carriages or trucks linked to and pulled by it

2. [S]一系列相关的事情、想法等

   sequence of connected events, thoughts, etc.

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 训练,锻炼; 培养

   prepare sb for sth by teaching and practice; give teaching and practice to sb in order to bring to a desired standard of behaviour, efficiency or physical condition

2. vt. 使朝某方向生长,整枝

   cause (a plant) to grow in a required direction

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 随从，随员
2. 队列，长列，行列，队伍
3. 列车，火车
4. 后拖物
5. 系列，一连串
6. 导火线
7. 下摆，裙裾
8. 一行，排，列

v. 动词

1. 训练，锻炼（身体），培训，进行...训练，进行锻炼，接受训练，施行培训
2. 瞄准，（把...）对准，把瞄准
3. 【园艺】使（植物）沿着一定方向生长
4. 养成
5. 整形，整枝，修整，修剪
6. 练习
7. 坐火车旅行
8. 交际，来往
9. 跳来跳去
10. 拖，曳
11. 教育，教养，培养（...的能力），抚养，造就
12. 使身体状况良好

英英释义

Noun:

1. public transport provided by a line of railway cars coupled together and drawn by a locomotive;

   "express trains don't stop at Princeton Junction"
   

2. a sequentially ordered set of things or events or ideas in which each successive member is related to the preceding;

   "a string of islands"
   "train of mourners"
   "a train of thought"
   

3. a procession (of wagons or mules or camels) traveling together in single file;

   "we were part of a caravan of almost a thousand camels"
   "they joined the wagon train for safety"
   

4. a series of consequences wrought by an event;

   "it led to a train of disasters"
   

5. piece of cloth forming the long back section of a gown that is drawn along the floor;

   "the bride's train was carried by her two young nephews"
   

6. wheelwork consisting of a connected set of rotating gears by which force is transmitted or motion or torque is changed;

   "the fool got his tie caught in the geartrain"
   

Verb:

1. create by training and teaching;

   "The old master is training world-class violinists"
   "we develop the leaders for the future"
   

2. undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession;

   "She is training to be a teacher"
   "He trained as a legal aid"
   

3. develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control;

   "Parents must discipline their children"
   "Is this dog trained?"
   

4. educate for a future role or function;

   "He is grooming his son to become his successor"
   "The prince was prepared to become King one day"
   "They trained him to be a warrior"
   

5. teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment;

   "Cultivate your musical taste"
   "Train your tastebuds"
   "She is well schooled in poetry"
   

6. point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards;

   "Please don't aim at your little brother!"
   "He trained his gun on the burglar"
   "Don't train your camera on the women"
   "Take a swipe at one's opponent"
   

7. teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports;

   "He is training our Olympic team"
   "She is coaching the crew"
   

8. exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition;

   "She is training for the Olympics"
   

9. cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it;

   "train the vine"
   

10. travel by rail or train;

    "They railed from Rome to Venice"
    "She trained to Hamburg"
    

11. drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground;

    "The toddler was trailing his pants"
    "She trained her long scarf behind her"
    

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The 6:30 train for Berlin has been canceled.
   6点30分开往柏林的列车已经取消。
2. I lost my train by three minutes.
   我迟了3分钟，没赶上火车。
3. I saw a camel train.
   我看到了一队的骆驼。
4. The telephone rang and interrupted my train of thought.
   电话铃响了，打断了我的思路。

用作及物动词 (vt.)

1. The challenger has been training hard for the big fight.
   这位健将为参加拳击大赛夺魁而进行坚苦的锻炼。
2. In the interest of our clients, we would train their technical staff at request.
   从客户利益出发,我们会应客户要求培训他们的技术人员。
3. He trained his binoculars on the distant figures.
   他把双筒望远镜对准远处的景物。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Terrorists have been setting off bombs in underground trains.
   恐怖分子一直在地铁列车中引爆炸弹。
2. I got into the taxi quickly,“Euston station, please, and step on it!My train leaves in ten minutes!”
   我迅速上了出租车,“奥斯顿车站,开快点!火车还有十分钟就开!”
3. His brother went to the train with him to see him off.
   他的弟弟把他送上火车。
4. We must see about booking our seats on the train.
   我们得注意把火车票预订好。
5. If you are too busy,I'll see about the train tickets.
   如果你太忙,就由我去买火车票。
6. I saw the train come into the station.
   我看见火车开进站来。
7. The train is going at full speed.
   火车正以全速行驶。
8. At last the train started.
   火车终于开了。
9. A chance action may sometimes set off a whole train of events.
   一次偶然的行动有时候会导致一连串事情的发生。
10. A long train of men and horses passed by.
    长长的一队人马开过去。
11. His telephone call interrupted my train of thought.
    他的电话打断了我的思路。
12. The chief was followed by a train of soldiers and servants.
    长官后面跟了一队士兵和勤务人员。
13. The wedding gown has a long train.
    结婚礼服有长长的拖裙。
14. The train is dirty.
    拖裙脏了。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. You'll have to train hard before the next match.
   在下一场比赛之前你必须好好培训。
2. Train roses along a wall.
   让那蔷薇沿着墙生长。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Mr. Smith trains the football team.
   史密斯先生训练这个足球队。
2. They are training soldiers.
   他们正在练兵。
3. They train technical cadres in short courses.
   他们办短期培训班培养技术干部。
4. The country needs to train five thousand doctors a year.
   这个国家一年需要培养5000名医生。
5. You've trained your children very well.
   你把你的孩子教育得很好。
6. It trained his ear.
   这训练了他的耳朵。
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7. I was never trained that way, you see.
   你知道,我没受过这种训练。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +(to be/as) n./adj.

1. They trained him as an engineer.
   他们把他培养成一名工程师。
2. He trained them to be bold selfless fighters for the interests of the people.
   他培养他们成为为人民利益奋斗的勇敢无私的战士。
3. His job was training the students to be good builders of the country.
   他的工作是培养学生成为国家的优秀建设者。
4. She trained the children to be honest, well-informed and principled.
   她培养孩子们诚实、见识广博、有原则。
5. They trained him young.
   在他年幼时,他们就开始培养他。
1
6. He was trained there as a mining engineer.
   他在那里被培养成一名采矿工程师。
7. He was trained to be a doctor but decided to become an actor instead.
   他是学医的,但后来却决定当演员。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. In this way we train them to read fluently and accurately.
   我们这样来训练他们流利准确地进行朗读。
2. My parents trained me to behave properly.
   父母训练我举止得当。
3. They trained their dogs to hunt.
   他们训练他们的狗狩猎。
4. You should train your dog not to bark.
   你应该训练你的狗不叫。
5. We must train students to meet these requirements.
   我们必须按照这些要求培养学生。
6. We also train them to make use of reference books.
   我们还培养他们使用参考书。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. This of course didn't escape his trained eyes.
   这自然逃不过他训练有素的眼睛。
2. Her trained ear detected the weaknesses.
   她训练有素的耳朵听出了这些弱点。
3. He was now a highly trained journalist of a new type.
   他现在是一个受了良好训练的新闻工作者。
4. There was a shortage of trained nurses.
   那时缺乏受过训练的护士。

经典引文

• The long train of her..gown swept the dead leaves off the steps.

  出自： Baroness Orczy

• Macbeth By many of these trains hath sought to win me Into his power.

  出自：Macbeth , Shakespeare

• To train me to prison under false pretexts.

  出自： Sir W. Scott

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

in train

准备妥当 being prepared

用作动词 (v.)

train for (v.+prep.)

为…训练(某人),为…而接受训练 learn in order to be able to do a job or enter a competition
train for sth
Jim has been training for the big race for weeks now.

几星期来,吉姆一直在为参加大赛而训练。
Our football team are training for the preliminary of the World Cup.

我们的足球队正在集训,准备参加世界杯预选赛。
He is training for the boat-race.

他正在为赛船训练。 train sb/oneself for sth/v-ing
They trained her for nursing.

他们培训她做护理工作。
They trained John for flying.

他们训练约翰开飞机。
I train myself for a race.

我正在为长跑赛而训练。
He was trained for gardening at the Agricultural College.

他在农业大学学园艺。

train off (v.+adv.)

转向 swerve
train off
The shot trained off.

子弹打偏了。

train on (v.+prep.)

对准或瞄准 point or aim (a gun, camera, etc.)
train sth on sb/sth
He trained his binoculars on the distant figures.

他把双筒望远镜对准远处的景物。
The fireman trained their hoses on the burning building.

消防队员把水龙带对准燃烧的建筑物。
He trained his gun on the intruder.

他举枪瞄准入侵者。

train up (v.+adv.)

(充分)培养,训练,教育 train as fully as possible; educate
train sb ⇔ up
The child was trained up in a good school.

这孩子曾在一所较好的学校里受过教育。
All the technical staff are trained up to a high level of efficiency.

受过训练的所有技术人员均具有高水平的工作效率。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• beat the train 逃票乘火车
• board a train 登上火车
• catch the train 赶乘火车
• change trains 换乘火车
• delay a train 耽搁火车
• drive a train 开火车
• get off a train 下火车
• get on a train 上火车
• get out of a train 下火车
• jump a train 违章搭乘运货列车
• leave the train at 在…下火车
• miss one's train 误火车
• pull a train 牵引火车
• stop a train 使火车停下
• take a train 坐火车

形容词+～

• down train 下行列车
• early train 早班车
• east-bound train 东行列车
• electric train 电力机车
• extra train 增开的列车
• fast train 快车
• international train 国际列车
• local train 地方短途火车
• long-distance train 长途列车
• mixed train 客货混合列车
• next train 下一班列车
• slow train 慢车
• special train 专列
• stopping train 中途停多个站的慢车
• through train 直达列车
• wild train 不按行车时间表开出的列车

名词+～

• boat train 按期接送乘客的火车
• freight train 货车
• goods train 货车
• hospital train (运送伤员的)医院列车
• morning train 早车
• night train 夜车
• passenger train 客车
• railway train 火车
• steam train 蒸汽机火车

～+名词

• train attendants 列车服务员

介词+～

• aboard a train 在火车上
• by train 乘火车
• on the train 在火车上

～+介词

• train for ones home town 去故乡的火车
• train for Shanghai 去上海的火车
• train from a city 由城市开出的火车
• a train of ideas 一系列主意
• train to a city 开往城市的火车

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• train ability 培养能力
• train the football team 训练足球队
• train the soldiers 训练士兵

～+副词

• train hard 紧张训练
• train well 训练有素
• train adequately 充分地训练
• train competently 能胜任训练
• train highly 受过良好训练
• train professionally 受过专业训练
• train specially 受过特殊培训
• train systematically 系统训练
• train technically 受过技术培训
• train theoretically 理论训练
• train off 从事锻炼以消除
• train up 训练,培养

～+介词

• train as 把…培养成为…
• train in medicine 培养某人学医
• train on the enemy 把枪口对准敌人
• train to a profession 培养某人从事某一职业

词语用法

n. (名词)

1. train可表示“火车”,用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词。喻指“一系列(相关的事情、想法等)”,常跟of连用,一般用单数形式。
2. train也可指“鱼贯而行的人〔动物〕”或“追随某人的人群”“随员”; 还可表示“长的衣、袍、裙等拖在地上的部分”。

v. (动词)

1. train的基本意思是“训练,培养”,指促使某人学得知识或技能,以便能够从事某种职业或进行某种工作。强调教育者具有明确的目标或宗旨,也暗示受教育者的绝对服从,除此便不能成为适应需要的人才。用作及物动词时,接名词、代词作宾语。还可接以“(as/to be) n./adj. ”或动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。
2. train还可指“使植物朝某方向生长”“整枝”,用作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,其宾语后接表示方向的against, along , over, up等短语。
3. train常与介词for连用,表示“锻炼,为…进行锻炼”,指使人或动物通过锻炼或调理饮食达到身体健康。
4. train的过去分词trained可用作形容词,在句中作定语,意思是“受过训练的”“训练有素的”。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

train, aim, level, point

• 这组词的共同意思是“对准”“瞄准”,它们之间的区别是:
• 1.瞄准方法不同:aim指端起枪瞄准; train指把枪放在对准其目标的位置上; level指把枪放在水平位置上瞄准; point则指以某物的一端或尖端对准某一点。例如:
• The army trained its cannon on the fort.军队把大炮对准了要塞。
• The second sentry leveled his halberd at the parson's breast.第二个警卫把他的戟对准了牧师的胸口。
• He pointed his finger at me.他用手指着我。
• 2.搭配范围不同:aim和train可以表示以镜头对准; 而level和point不能这样用。例如可以说He trained the camera upon the children.它把相机对准孩子们。
• 3.连用的介词不同:aim与at, for连用; train与on〔upon〕连用; level与at, against 连用; 而point则与at, to连用。
• 4.使用场合不同:aim for多见于较正式的文体中。

train, drill, exercise, practise

• 这组词都有“练习,操练”的意思。其区别是：
• drill指有组织、有指导地反复进行练习、操练,使形成条件反射或习惯。exercise指为发展智力或锻炼身体而进行的练习,例如:
• We should constantly exercise our muscles.我们应该经常锻炼肌肉。
• practise指为了达到熟练或完善的程度而反复进行的练习(尤指在艺术、手艺或技巧方面的实践与练习),例如:
• You should practise playing the piano regularly.你应该按时练习弹钢琴。
• train指针对某种目标而进行的训练,例如:
• Their early training programmes them to be obedient and submissive.他们早先受过的教育把他们训练得俯首帖耳、唯命是从。

train, coach, educate, instruct, school, teach, tutor

• 这组词的共同意思是“教”,指向学生传授知识、技能等,但含义和用法上有所区别：
• 1.teach的概念最广泛,意义最普通,可以指讲授一门课程,也可指传授一种技能,也可能仅指帮助别人能解决一些问题或处理事情。而instruct, educate, train和school则各有其侧重点。instruct强调的是“系统性”; educate强调的是“总体性”; train强调的是“方向性”,而school强调的则是“严格性”。现分述如下：
• ①instruct与teach的区别在于其“系统性”,即“系统教授”,内容上是系统的知识,方法上是连续地、正式地。例如:
• Dr. Williams instructs classes in algebra.威廉博士教代数课。
• ②educate比teach更为正式,强调的是教育的总目标和培养结果,内容很广泛,所花的时间也较长,教育的内容不仅是知识,更多的是做人的道理,如：世界观、性格、品质等。例如:
• The poor boy had to educate himself in the evening after finishing his work.这可怜的孩子只有在工作完以后的晚上自学。
• Some schools teach, but fail to educate their students.有些学校只教给学生知识,却忽略了育人。
• We are educated under the Party.我们受党的教育。
• ③train指的“教育”带有明显的方向性,或者造就某方面需要的人才,或者是训练某种特殊技能,以达到体力极佳、智力极强、反应极敏锐,从而迅速地胜任某种工作、任务或参加某比赛,也可以用于驯服动物或使植物向某方向生长。在训练方法上, train指由易到难,循序渐进,在这一点上与instruct有些接近。例如:
• They were trained as animal doctors in this school.他们在这所学校里得到训练,成为兽医。
• He is specially trained for this kind of work.为了胜任这种工作,他曾受过特殊训练。
• The old farmer trained his horse to do farm work for him.老农夫训练他的马为他干农活。
• Mother tried to train the vines over the porch.母亲想引导葡萄藤爬到门廊上面。
• ④school强调教育和训练的严格性,指在某一方面进行特别严格的训练,也指学会忍耐难以忍受之事或锻炼和严格约束自己处理一些复杂困难事情的意思。例如:
• She was schooled in foreign languages.她在外语方面受到过严格训练。
• His father was schooled in Harvard.他的父亲是在哈佛大学受教育的。
• The parents schooled their children in politeness.家长们严格教育子女们讲礼貌。
• He was schooled by life itself.生活本身锻炼了他。
• 2.teach和instruct在用法上也不同, teach接sb sth; 而instruct接sb in sth。试比较下面两个句子：
• Mr. Smith taught us English.
• Mr. Smith instructed us in English.
• 史密斯先生教我们英语。
• 另外,两词接to- v 时意思也不同：teach sb to- v 的意思是“教某人做某事”,而instruct sb to- v 的意思是命令或通知某人做某事。例如:
• He taught us to run the machine.他教我们开机器。
• We are instructed when to start.已有人通知我们何时出发。
• 3.tutor和coach的含义与上述五个词不同,强调的是“个别性”,向一位专门教师学习,或在某小组中学习,即进行个别辅导。其区别是：
• coach只指补习或辅导,不指教新课,而tutor既可指复习功课,也可指讲授新课。例如:
• I'll coach some of the students this evening.今晚我要辅导几个学生。
• He is coaching a basketball team.他正在指导一个篮球队。
• The teacher tutors him to play the piano.这位教师教他弹钢琴。
• I offered to tutor him in English.我建议替他补习英文。

teach，instruct，educate，coach，train，tutor

• 这些动词均含“教，教育，培养”之意。
• teach最普通用词，含义广泛。指直接教某人知识或技能等，侧重传播知识和帮助应用知识。
• instruct与teach含义很接近，但语体较正式。指系统、详细、精心地传播知识，侧重教授与指示。
• educate较正式用词，指教育，内容比teach广泛，侧重动机或结果，或对潜在能力的开发。
• coach指对个人或小组等进行辅导、训练或补课。
• train指训练与培养。
• tutor指进行个别教学或课外辅导。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 他每天乘火车去上班。

   误 He goes to work by the train every day.

   正 He goes to work by train every day.

2. 你坐火车去,还是坐汽车去?

   误 Did you go by a train or by a car?

   正 Did you go by train or by car?

   析 by train表示“乘火车”,指交通方式, train前不能加the或a。

3. 那位老人在开往北京的火车上。

   误 The old man went to Beijing in train.

   正 The old man went to Beijing in a train.

   析 如具体地指“坐着火车”, train前则须加介词a或the。

4. 你应该在这个车站转车。

   误 You must change the train at this station.

   正 You must change trains at this station.

   析 表示“转(火)车”“换乘另一列(火)车”时要用train的复数形式。

近反义词

【近义词】

• drill
• educate
• guide
• instruct
• teach

派生词

v.(动词)

• trainee n. 接受训练的人‖trainer n. 训练者;教练机