start

英 [stɑːt] 美 [stɑːrt]

• v. 开始；出发；震惊
• n. 开始；震动；领先优势；起推动作用的外力

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 开始

   begin

2. vt. & vi. 出发; 启程

   begin a journey

3. vt. 开办,创办

   bring into existence; enable to begin

n. (名词)

1. [C] 开始,开端; 出发

   a beginning of activity or development

2. [C] 起点,出发点

   a place of starting

3. [C] 抢先之量; 先走〔跑〕之时〔距离〕

   the amount by which one person is ahead of another

4. [C] 吃惊,惊起

   a sudden uncontrolled movement, especially of surprise

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 开始，着手；使开始
2. 开动
3. 下手
4. 动身，出发，起程
5. 吃惊，惊起 ，使惊跳
6. 突然出现，突然跳起
7. 发起，发动，引起
8. 开始雇用
9. 发生
10. 创办，开办
11. 使出发， 使动身
12. 对（比赛者）发出起跑等信号
13. 使参加比赛
14. 使从事
15. 起始（于）
16. 冒出，涌出
17. 使流出，倒出
18. 凸出，鼓起
19. 松动，脱开
20. 使开始运转，启动
21. 使松动，使脱开

n. 名词

1. 有利条件
2. 开端，开始
3. 出发，动身，起程
4. 出发点
5. 惊跳，吃惊，惊起
6. <口>令人吃惊之事
7. 起跑，起飞，起动
8. 起跑线
9. 松动部分
10. 起跑信号
11. 着手
12. 惊人的事

abbr. 缩略词

1. =Strategic Arms Reduction Talks 削减战略武器会谈

英英释义

Noun:

1. the beginning of anything;

   "it was off to a good start"
   

2. the time at which something is supposed to begin;

   "they got an early start"
   "she knew from the get-go that he was the man for her"
   

3. a turn to be a starter (in a game at the beginning);

   "he got his start because one of the regular pitchers was in the hospital"
   "his starting meant that the coach thought he was one of their best linemen"
   

4. a sudden involuntary movement;

   "he awoke with a start"
   

5. the act of starting something;

   "he was responsible for the beginning of negotiations"
   

6. a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game

7. a signal to begin (as in a race);

   "the starting signal was a green light"
   "the runners awaited the start"
   

8. the advantage gained by beginning early (as in a race);

   "with an hour's start he will be hard to catch"
   

Verb:

1. take the first step or steps in carrying out an action;

   "We began working at dawn"
   "Who will start?"
   "Get working as soon as the sun rises!"
   "The first tourists began to arrive in Cambodia"
   "He began early in the day"
   "Let's get down to work now"
   

2. set in motion, cause to start;

   "The U.S. started a war in the Middle East"
   "The Iraqis began hostilities"
   "begin a new chapter in your life"
   

3. leave;

   "The family took off for Florida"
   

4. have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense;

   "The DMZ begins right over the hill"
   "The second movement begins after the Allegro"
   "Prices for these homes start at $250,000"
   

5. bring into being;

   "He initiated a new program"
   "Start a foundation"
   

6. get off the ground;

   "Who started this company?"
   "We embarked on an exciting enterprise"
   "I start my day with a good breakfast"
   "We began the new semester"
   "The afternoon session begins at 4 PM"
   "The blood shed started when the partisans launched a surprise attack"
   

7. move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm;

   "She startled when I walked into the room"
   

8. get going or set in motion;

   "We simply could not start the engine"
   "start up the computer"
   

9. begin or set in motion;

   "I start at eight in the morning"
   "Ready, set, go!"
   

10. begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job;

    "Take up a position"
    "start a new job"
    

11. play in the starting lineup

12. have a beginning characterized in some specified way;

    "The novel begins with a murder"
    "My property begins with the three maple trees"
    "Her day begins with a workout"
    "The semester begins with a convocation ceremony"
    

13. begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object;

    "begin a cigar"
    "She started the soup while it was still hot"
    "We started physics in 10th grade"
    

14. bulge outward;

    "His eyes popped"
    

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. It started to rain.
   下起雨来了.
2. I used to start work at 9 o'clock every day.
   我过去常在每天9：00开始工作。
3. We are just about to start.
   我们正要出发。
4. She started at the sound of my voice.
   她听到了我的声音，蓦地一惊。

用作名词 (n.)

1. He knew from the start the idea was hopeless.
   一开始他就知道这主意行不通。
2. What a start you gave me!
   你吓了我一大跳！
3. He has a good start in business.
   他在生意上起步时占了很大的优势。
4. The money gave him just the start he needed.
   这笔钱正是他起步所需要的。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Well,I think we ought to be starting.
   嗯,我看我们该出发了。
2. The ship started.
   船开了。
3. When the rain started the crowd swarmed back into the hotel.
   雨一开始下,人群就拥回旅社。
4. He says he can smell out trouble before it starts.
   他说他能在麻烦事儿发生之前就察觉出来。
5. It's no good sighing about your failure, it is better to start again.
   为失败叹息毫无益处,最好是从头做起。
6. The car will not start.
   汽车发动不起来。
7. The engine won't start.
   引擎发动不起来。
8. At last the bus started.
   公共汽车终于启程了。
9. Someone spoke to me suddenly and I started.
   有人突然和我说话,吓了我一跳。
10. Her mother started when she heard the door open.
    她母亲听到门开了,吓了一跳。
11. He started at a loud noise.
    他被一声巨响吓了一跳。
12. We start tomorrow.
    我们明天动身。
13. I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
    就在今天下午我要开始自己挣钱了。
14. When are you starting?
    你什么时候动身?
15. The train is starting in five minutes.
    火车过五分钟就要开了。

用作系动词

S+～+ adj.

1. If you want to be a champion swimmer you've got to start young.
   如果你想成为一名游泳冠军,必须从小就开始训练。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Once he started a job, he saw it through till it was finished.
   只要他着手做一件事,就非做完不可。
2. We started the climb in the early morning of the next day.
   第二天一早,我们就开始爬山了。
3. The enemy were still asleep when we started the attack.
   我们发动进攻时敌人还在睡觉。
4. Let's start the meal. Who is going to serve?
   我们开饭吧。谁来上菜呢?
5. Will you please start this engine?
   请你启动这台发动机好吗?
6. Before you start the truck, you must check the engine.
   发动卡车前,必须检查发动机。
7. We'll start our journey as soon as you are ready.
   你一准备好,我们就启程去旅行。
8. A rich man started the enterprise.
   一位有钱人创办了这家企业。
9. What started the fire?
   火灾是怎么引起的?
10. A single spark can start a prairie fire.
    星星之火,可以燎原。
11. We made a loud cry to start the hare.
    我们高声大喊以惊起那只野兔。
1
12. The fire was started by a small child who had set some paper alight while playing with matches.
    大火是由一个玩火柴把纸点燃的小孩引起的。

S+～+to- v

1. Next, they started to construct the main canal.
   然后他们开始修建主渠。
2. When shall we start to get in the rice?
   我们什么时候开始收割稻子?
3. The students started to switch off after the first speech.
   学生们听完第一个人发言后就开始心不在焉了。
4. Adden switched off the radio and started to concentrate on his homework.
   阿顿关掉收音机聚精会神地做功课。
5. They have started to survey the country that the new motorway will pass through.
   他们已开始测量这条新高速公路将要通过的农村。
6. People started to stock up when a shortage of food was reported.
   食品短缺报道后,人们开始贮备食品。
7. The ice started to melt.
   冰开始融化了。
8. The wounds started to bleed again.
   伤口又开始流出血来。
9. The rubber trees they had planted were just starting to yield.
   他们种的橡胶树刚开始产胶。

S+～+ v -ing

1. As soon as we got there, it started raining.
   我们一到那儿,天就下起雨来。
2. They started working harder than ever.
   他们更加起劲地干起来了。
3. She picked her embroidery and started stitching.
   她拿起刺绣活开始刺绣。
4. She started working at the mill at 13, just after liberation.
   她13岁时开始在厂里干活,那时刚解放。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + v -ing

1. His criticism started me thinking seriously.
   他的批评引起我认真思考。
2. Any such news would start him worrying.
   任何这类消息都会使他忧虑。
3. It might be desirable to start the class discussing the different characters in a novel.
   让全班讨论一部小说中的各种人物或许是可取的。
4. He quickly started the engine working by pressing a button.
   他按下按钮,引擎就很快地发动起来。
5. You slide your coin into the machine here, and that is supposed to start it working.
   你把硬币插入机器,这样机器就可以开动了。

用作名词 (n.)

1. It was love from the very start.
   一见钟情。
2. Everything is difficult at the start.
   万事开头难。
3. The new system was confronted with great difficulties at the start.
   这项新系统刚开始就遇到了很大的困难。
4. We're only at the start in our house-hunting.
   我们找房子的事刚刚开始。
5. The runners lined up at the start.
   赛跑选手在起跑线排成一行。
6. From the start, the plan was doomed to failure.
   这个计划从一开始就注定要失败。
7. They were bent on an early start the next day.
   他们打定主意第二天一早动身。
8. An early start will get us well ahead before the crowds.
   早点动身,我们会远远走在人们的前面。
9. We've made a good start; now it's time to consolidate.
   我们有了一个良好的开端,现在应该加以巩固。
10. The project jumped off to a good start.
    工程很顺利地开始了。
11. After a slow start, the team really opened up and hit 180 in two hours.
    该队开场打得不好,但后来发挥得非常出色,在两小时内打了180分。
12. Let's see how fast you can pick up from a standing start.
    看看你站着起跑后能加速多快。
13. It's getting late; we'd better make a start on the cooking.
    天色渐晚,我们最好着手做饭。
14. “How much start did they give you?”“Not much,only 10 yards.”
    “他们让你先跑几码?”“不多,只有10码。”
15. They didn't give him much start.
    他们并没有给他许多有利条件。
16. The thieves have a three-hour start on us so their track will be hard to follow.
    小偷已走了三个小时,追踪起来很困难。
17. I woke up from the bad dream with a start.
    我从噩梦中惊醒。
18. She gave a shuddering start as she became aware of someone standing behind her.
    当她觉察到有人站在背后时,她吓得浑身一打战。

～+of n.

1. We missed the start of the movie.
   我们没看到电影的开头部分。
2. The sound of the gun was the signal for the start of the race.
   枪声是起跑的信号。
3. You must enroll your child before the start of the school term.
   你必须在学期开始前给孩子注册。

经典引文

• With a start, Nat Abrahams became aware of Wanda's presence behind him.

  出自： I. Wallace

• I fell asleep, only to wake with a start.

  出自： W. Styron

• She had seen Meg..start suddenly out of a thicket.

  出自： Sir W. Scott

• At intervals, some bird..Starts into voice.

  出自： Byron

• At the inevitable hour, Laurel started from her bed.

  出自： E. Welty

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

start back (v.+adv.)

后退; 突然后退 recoil; move back suddenlyThe noise made him start back.他一听到那吵闹声就退了回去。

start for (v.+prep.)

动身去 begin a journey to a place
start for sth
I am on the point of starting for London.

我即将启程去伦敦。
He started for his holiday with a light heart.

他怀着轻松的心情动身去度假。

start in (v.+adv.)

开始工作〔活动,做事〕 begin work, activity, or doing sth
start in
If we start in at once, we can get the job finished early.

如果我们立即开始,我们就能早些结束这件工作。
The children started in on the food without waiting for an invitation.

孩子们不等人请便开始吃了起来。

start off (v.+adv.)

迅速跑开 move quickly away
start off
They started off at dawn next day.

他们第二天拂晓出发了。
Don't start off without telling me.

别不告诉我一声就出发。 start sth ⇔ off with sth
Let's start the party off with a song.

让我们首先唱支歌儿来开始今天的聚会。 start off by v-ing
I'll start off by using this piece of wood.

我用这块木料开始做。
The story-teller started off by describing a beautiful princess.

讲故事的人从描述一个美丽的公主讲起。 start off
The rabbit started off as soon as it smelt the dogs.

兔子一嗅到有狗的气味便迅速跑开了。
A hare started off into the forest.

一只野兔钻入树林。

start out (v.+adv.)

开始〔着手〕做 begin with the intention
start out
My younger sister started out for school on her bicycle.

我妹妹骑自行车出发到学校去了。 start out to-v
He started out to write a novel.

他着手写一部小说。
We must start out to support the just struggle.

我们一定要行动起来支持正义斗争。

start out of (v.+adv.+prep.)

突然离开(某处) leave somewhere suddenly
start out of sth
His eyes nearly started out of his head when he saw the terrible sight.

当他看见那恐怖的景象时他的眼睛都快蹦出来了。
Blood started out of the wound.

伤口突然往外冒起血来。

start over (v.+adv.)

重新开始 begin again
start over
After the fire, we had to start over and build the business again from the beginning.

那场火灾之后,我们不得不再从头开始重建。
Let's start over and see if we can get it right this time.

咱们从头再来一遍,看看是否这次能做对。

start something

惹事,惹麻烦 begin a fight, an argument, trouble, etc.

start up (v.+adv.)

开始; 着手 begin; open; undertake
start up
He started up in alarm.

他惊恐得蹦了起来。
A hare started up at his feet and raced off.

有只野兔突然一蹦就跑掉了。
The sudden ringing of the telephone made me start up.

突然响起的电话铃声吓了我一跳。 start up
The machines all started up at the same time.

机器都在同一时刻开始了运转。 start sth ⇔ up
She started the car up.

她发动了汽车。
We couldn't start up the tractor this morning.

今天早晨我们没能够把拖拉机发动起来。 start sth ⇔ up
He has started up a new business.

他开办了一项新业务。
They have decided to start up a nursery in the factory.

他们已决定要在工厂里开办一个托儿所。

用作名词 (n.)

for a start

首先 as a first point

from start to finish

自始至终 all the time

get off to a good〔bad〕, etc. start

开始时很好〔不好等〕 start well, badly, etc.

make a fresh start

重新做; 白手起家 start from the beginning

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• start a dinner 开始吃饭
• start a discussion 开始讨论
• start a dog 惊动狗
• start a hare 惊动野兔
• start a machine 发动机器
• start a motor 发动马达
• start a race 开始赛跑
• start a season 开始一个季节
• start a shop 开始营业
• start a war 发动战争
• start air services 开办航空业务
• start car 发动汽车
• start climb 开始攀登
• start enterprise 创办企业
• start fire 引起火灾
• start firm 创办公司
• start newspaper 创办报纸
• start school 开始上学
• start the engine 发动机器
• start the war 引起战争
• start work 开始工作

～+副词

• start blindly 盲目地开始
• start bravely 勇敢地开始
• start completely 完全开始
• start decisively 果断地开始
• start deliberately 审慎地开始
• start distractedly 思想不集中地开始
• start dramatically 戏剧性地开始
• start elatedly 兴高采烈地开始
• start fitfully 间歇性地开始
• start immediately 立即开始
• start impetuously 急躁地开始
• start impulsively 冲动地开始
• start involuntarily 不情愿地开始
• start jauntily 满怀信心地开始
• start painfully 痛苦地开始
• start passively 被动地开始
• start patiently 耐心地开始
• start peacefully 平静地开始
• start philosophically 冷静地开始
• start pleasantly 高兴地开始
• start precipitately 突然地开始
• start quickly 迅速地开始
• start recklessly 轻率地开始
• start reluctantly 勉强地开始
• start scientifically 科学地开始
• start simultaneously 同时开始
• start suddenly 突然开始
• start fearfully 可怕地开始
• start temporarily 暂时开始
• start violently 猛烈地开始
• start in to rain 下起雨来
• start off 开始出发,动身
• start out 开始,着手,出发
• start out to write a novel 着手写小说
• start up 开动,惊跳起来

～+副词+介词

• start back for 动身回…去
• start in on sb 开始责备某人
• start off at one's work 开始工作
• start off for a journey 启程
• start off for Beijing 动身去北京
• start off with 从…开始
• start out of one's sleep 从睡梦中惊醒
• start out of the head 从头上蹦出来
• start out of the wound 从伤口流出
• start up from the seat 从座位上惊跳起来

～+介词

• start as 以…开始
• start as a secretary 开始当秘书
• start as workers 开始当工人
• start for 动身去(某处)
• start for the airport 动身去机场
• start from 从(某处)出发
• start from a small village 从一个小村子出发
• start from one's chair 从椅子上跳起
• start from the bushes 从灌木里冲出
• start from the house 从家里出发
• start from the idea 从这个想法出发
• start from sleep 惊醒
• start from the station 从车站出发
• start in 使着手做一件工作
• start in business 开始营业
• start in life 步入人生
• start sb in business 借钱使某人做生意
• start on 着手做(某事)
• start on a tour in China 开始在中国的旅游
• start on another case 着手办另一件案子
• start on one's journey 开始旅行
• start with 从…开始,从…着手
• start with a slight cough 从轻微咳嗽开始

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• get the start of sb 比某人领先,占某人的上风
• give sb a start 吓某人一跳
• have the start of sb 比某人领先,占某人的上风
• make a bad start 开端坏
• make a good start 开端好
• make a new start 重新开始
• take a fresh start 重新开始

形容词+～

• answering start 相应的开端
• convulsive start 骤然启动
• guilty start 有罪的开端
• hopeful start 有希望的开端
• infinite start 无限的震惊
• involuntary start 不由自主的开端
• longing start 渴望的开端
• painful start 痛苦的开端
• palpable start 明显的开端
• reluctant start 勉强的开端
• slight start 轻微的一惊
• sudden start 突如其来的震惊
• terrified start 受惊的跳起
• theatrical start 戏剧性的开端
• tremulous start 激动的开端
• trouble start 伤脑筋的开端
• undisguised start 不加掩饰的惊异
• wrong start 错误的开端

介词+～

• after the start of the war 战争开始后
• at the start 当初
• for a start 首先,第一点
• from start to finish 自始至终
• with a start 猛地,吃惊地
• awake with a start 惊醒

～+介词

• a start in business 事业的开始
• a start in life 事业的开始,开始谋生
• the start of a race 起跑

词语用法

1. start与begin意思差不多，但是start意思稍广，有启动的意思。另外在更正式的形式中，更偏向于使用begin；
2. start表示“动身”时，常与for, from连用，但是不怎么与at连用。

   I aw starting for Shanghai tomorrow.
   我明天出发去上海。

3. start表示“动身”时，还常用现在时或现在进行时表示将来时。

   I start tomorrow.

4. start in/out同start一样，解释为“开始”，是不及物动词，常用于口语。

   He started (in/out) the task at once.
   他马上开始任务。

5. start有如下搭配：start doing， start to do， start in，start in doing；
6. at the start与from the start之间的区别：at the start是起初的意思，from the start是从头便。

v. (动词)

1. start的基本意思是“从静止状态转移到运动状态”,可指工作、活动等的开始; 战争、火灾等的发生; 也可指人开始工作,着手某项活动等; 还可指人、事物使某事情发生或引起某事情。
2. start可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式作宾语,也可接以现在分词充当补足语的复合宾语。start偶尔还可用作系动词,接形容词作表语。
3. start可用一般现在时或现在进行时来表示将来。
4. start后可接动名词或动词不定式。接动名词时常表示动作将持续下去,接动词不定式时常表示动作的开始。

n. (名词)

1. start用作可数名词的基本意思是“开始,出发,起点”,可指做某件事情的开始,也可指某件事情的开始地点,是可数名词。
2. start也可用于表示某件事开始时就有“领先地位,有利条件”,通常用作不可数名词,但可用不定冠词a修饰。
3. start还可作“惊动,惊起”解,一般为可数名词,经常用单数形式,与不定冠词a连用。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

start v-ing, start to-v

• start后可接动名词也可接动词不定式,一般来说在意义上没有区别。不过：
• 1.接动名词时常说明动作将持续下去,接动词不定式时只表示动作的开始。试比较:
• She started talking about the old days, and kept on for more than an hour.
• 她说起了过去的事情,一直说了一个多 小时。
• She started to speak, but stopped because I objected.
• 她开始讲话,但因我反对而停了下来。
• 2.表示无意识地“开始做某事”时,用动词不定式的情况多些。例如:
• Suddenly it started to rain.突然下起雨来。
• 3.涉及多次活动时,用动名词的情况多些。例如:
• He used to start singing loudly when he felt frightened walking alone in the darkness.当他独自在黑暗中走路感到害怕时,便常常唱起歌来。
• 4.用于进行体时只能接动词不定式。例如:
• It was cold and starting to snow.天很冷了,开始下起雪来。

start, begin, commence, originate

• 这组词都有“开始”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.commence和start有时可互换,但在作“动身,出发”解或某一活动过程的“开始”解时,只能用start。
• 2.commence强调缓慢地开始,而start强调从不动到动或停止后再动。
• 3.start往往强调“开始”这一行动本身,而commence则含有为了某一目的的意味。
• 4.commence比begin要庄严得多,含有正式开始或开幕的意味,如开始举行典礼、开始审讯案件等。
• 5.begin是最常用语; commence多用于书面语; start则多用于口语。
• 6.originate作不及物动词时,表示“源自”“起始”“发起”等意思; 用作及物动词时,表示“创始”“发明”。

start, leave

• 这两个词的共同意思是“离开”。其区别是：
• 1.start只用作不及物动词;leave既可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
• 2.leave指“离开”某地〔人〕或“退出”学校、社团等;start是出发的日常用语,往往意味着乘车离开某地,出发、动身或启程到另一地去。例如:
• He left the school at thirteen.他13岁就离开了学校。
• The accountant has threatened to leave.会计曾威胁说要辞职。
• The ship starts.船开了。
• Well,I think we ought to be starting.嗯,我看我们该动身了。
• 3.用作不及物动词时, leave常附带说明离开时所使用的工具,有时还可表示“辞职”。

下面两句意思相同:

• Tears started to her eyes.
• Tears started from her eyes.
• 她的眼泪夺眶而出。

下面各组中两句意思不同:

• We started the journey to Japan last week.
• 我们上星期开始到日本旅行。
• We started on the journey to Japan last week.
• 我们上星期首途去日本。
• Shall we start this work?
• 我们开始做这工作好吗?
• Shall we start with this work?
• 我们首先从这项工作开始好吗?

begin，start，commence，initiate，inaugurate

• 这些动词均含有“开始”之意。
• begin最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
• start在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
• commence可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
• initiate指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
• inaugurate指正式而隆重的开始。

depart，leave，go，start，quit，set out

• 这些动词均含“离开某处”之意。
• depart较正式用词，指经过周密考虑或郑重地离开，强调离开的起点。
• leave侧重出发地而不是目的地。
• go一般用词，指从所在地到其它地方去，着重目的地而非出发地。
• start可与leave换用，强调目的地，但不及leave普通。
• quit侧重指离开令人烦恼的地方，或摆脱使人不快的人或事。
• set out书面用词。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 我们明天5点动身去天津。

   误 We will start for Tianjin at five tomorrow.

   正 We start for Tianjin at five tomorrow.

   析 start表示“动身”时,通常用一般现在时表示将来,用于表达根据规定、计划预计要发生的动作或状态。

2. 他马上就动身。

   误 He is about to start at once.

   正 He is about to start.

   析 start表示“正打算动身”“正要出发”时不能和at once, immediately等时间状语连用。

3. 首先,我们没有足够的资金; 其次,我们没有足够的时间。

   误 To start, we haven't enough money, and secondly we haven't enough time.

   正 To start with, we haven't enough money, and secondly we haven't enough time.

   析 表示“首先”可用固定短语to start with,不可说to start。

4. 烟引起她咳嗽。

   误 The smoke started her to cough.

   正 The smoke started her coughing.

   析 当动词start表示“引起…做某事”时,可接现在分词(短语)作其宾语的补足语,不可接动词不定式作其宾语的补足语。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的describere，意为跳跃；最初源自原始日耳曼语的sturtjan，意为落下，翻滚。

近反义词

【近义词】

• begin
• commence
• initiate
• jerk
• jump
• spring
• switch
• beginning
• onset
• outset
• shock
• surprise
• head
• lead

【反义词】

• stop