stain

英 [steɪn] 美 [steɪn]

• n. 污点；瑕疵；着色剂；染料
• v. 弄脏；玷污；着色

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. (使)染色

   (cause to) colour wood, fabrics, etc. with a substance that penetrates the material

2. vi. 褪色; 变污

   become discoloured or soiled

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 污点，污迹，瑕疵，污垢，污斑，渍子
2. 色斑，斑痕
3. 着色剂，着色物，染色剂，具体指颜料、染料等
4. 变色
5. 锈
6. 色素
7. 耻辱
8. 污染

v. 动词

1. 变（肮）脏，（被）染污，（被）沾污，弄脏，变污，沾染
2. 把染色以便于显微镜下观察，在（玻璃、生物切片等上面）染色
3. （给）染色，给...着色，染满，印上颜色
4. 玷污（名声），败坏（名声）
5. 生锈
6. 褪色
7. 污辱

英英释义

Noun:

1. a soiled or discolored appearance;

   "the wine left a dark stain"
   

2. (microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible

3. the state of being covered with unclean things

4. a symbol of disgrace or infamy;

   "And the Lord set a mark upon Cain"
   

5. an act that brings discredit to the person who does it;

   "he made a huge blot on his copybook"
   

Verb:

1. color with a liquid dye or tint;

   "Stain this table a beautiful walnut color"
   "people knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages"
   

2. produce or leave stains;

   "Red wine stains the table cloth"
   

3. make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically;

   "The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air"
   "Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man"
   

4. color for microscopic study;

   "The laboratory worker dyed the specimen"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. The stain on his shirt is difficult to clean off.
   他衬衣上的污点很难去除掉。
2. It will remain an indelible stain on his memory.
   这将成为他记忆中一个不可磨灭的污点。
3. Such a man is a stain to humanity.
   这种人是人类的耻辱。
4. There isn't a stain on her reputation.
   她的名誉没有半点瑕疵。
5. Wood stain is one of the most important painting material in coating of American style furniture.
   木材着色剂是美式涂装中极其重要的涂装材料。
6. How much stain should I buy for the table?
   给这张桌子上色，我得买多少颜料？

用作动词 (v.)

1. These carpets won't stain easily.
   这些地毯不易弄脏。
2. He stained the family honor.
   他玷污了家族的荣誉。
3. It was widely used by cytologists to stain chromosomes.
   它被细胞学家广泛地用来着色染色体。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Does this material stain easily?
   这种料子容易染色吗?
2. White clothes stain quickly.
   白色衣服会很快弄脏。
3. This carpet stains easily, so try not to spill anything on it.
   这块地毯很容易弄脏,所以请尽量避免把东西溅到上面。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Stain the table before you varnish it.
   先给桌子着色,然后才能上清漆。
2. His crimes stained the family honour.
   他的罪行玷污了他家庭的名誉。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. He stained the wood brown.
   他给木头涂上了褐色。
2. She has stained the floorboards dark brown.
   她把地板漆成了深褐色。

经典引文

• The stain on the ceiling where a bath had overflowed upstairs.

  出自： Julia Hamilton

• His forefinger..was stained with tobacco juice.

  出自： V. Woolf

• The great corpse staining the sea crimson.

  出自： A. C. Clarke

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

stain with (v.+prep.)

玷污 spoil sth with sth badHe has stained the good honour of his family with the guilt of his crime.他的犯罪行为玷污了他家的名声。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• stain the family honour 玷污家庭的名誉
• stain the floorboards 给地板漆色
• stain the table 给桌子着色
• stain the wood 给木料染色

～+副词

• stain easily 容易弄脏
• stain quickly 很快弄脏

～+介词

• stain with nicotine 被尼古丁染黄
• stain with smoke 被烟熏黑
• stain with vices 沾染恶习

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. stain用作名词意思是“染色剂”,转化为动词则表示“给…染色”“弄脏”,引申可表示“玷污某人的名声”。
2. stain可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词作宾语。还可接以表示颜色的形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。可用于被动结构。
3. stain用作及物动词时,主动形式常含有被动意义。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

stain, colour, dye, paint

• 这几个词的共同含义是“着色,染色”。其区别是：
• 1.colour的意思最广泛,不管染色的深浅,不分使用什么染料,也不分给什么东西染色。用于比喻义,有“渲染,夸张”的意思,而dye, paint, stain没有此义。
• 2.dye, paint指有意地“染色”。dye指使用染料永远地改变物体的颜色,如毛纺织品或头发等; paint指把颜料或涂料涂在墙壁、家具等物体表面,使用的材料是耐久的,有“描绘,画画”的倾向。例如:
• Black will dye over other colours.黑色能把大多数其他颜色染掉。
• This dress had been dyed several times.这件连衣裙已染过几次了。
• She dyed her hair red.她把头发染成红色。
• When will you paint the wall? 你们什么时候漆墙?
• We painted the house once, then we went over it again.我们把房间油漆了一遍,然后又打扫了一遍。
• The hero in the storybook was painted as a brave man.故事书中的主人公被描绘成一个勇敢的人。
• 3.stain可以指由于使用疏忽或其他原因使物体染上并非本身所固有的颜色,因此有“变污”的意思。例如:
• This carpet stains easily, so try not to spill anything on it.这块地毯很容易弄脏,所以请尽量避免把东西溅到上面。
• She has stained the floorboards dark brown.她把地板漆成了深褐色。
• His crimes stained the family honor.他的罪行玷污了他家庭的名誉。
• 4.dye, colour有“脸红”的意思, paint, stain则没有。例如:
• Deep blushes dyed her cheeks.她双颊透红。
• 5.colour也可用作名词。

colour，dye，paint，stain

• 这些动词均有“着色，染”之意。
• colour普通用词，含义笼统。可指人工的着色，也可指天然的着色。
• dye多指使用染料改变物体的颜色，如染织品或头发等。
• paint指为装饰等目的而把油漆或涂料等物涂于物体表面。
• stain多指用化学或其它方法使物体着色。

近反义词

【近义词】

• color
• defile

【反义词】

• cleanse 使 ... 清洁