previous

英 ['priːviəs] 美 ['priːviəs]

• adj. 以前的；先于；在 ... 之前

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. [A]先前的,以前的

   coming before in time or order

2. [P]过早的,过急的

   acting too soon

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 以前的，前的，先的，先前的，前面的，以往的
2. <口>过早的，过急的
3. 前人的
4. 原来的，就有的

adv. 副词

1. 在前，在先，在以前， 在...以前

英英释义

Adjective:

1. just preceding something else in time or order;

   "the previous owner"
   "my old house was larger"
   

2. (used especially of persons) of the immediate past;

   "the former president"
   "our late President is still very active"
   "the previous occupant of the White House"
   

3. too soon or too hasty;

   "our condemnation of him was a bit previous"
   "a premature judgment"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. His previous attempts had been unsuccessful.
   他以前的尝试没有成功。
2. It happened previous to his arrival there.
   事件发生于他到那儿以前。
3. You must collect enough materials previous to your writing.
   你在写作之前必须收集好足够的材料。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. The author mentioned it in the previous paragraph.
   作者在前一段里提到这件事。
2. He said he had arrived on the previous night.
   他说他是在前一天夜里到达的。
3. His previous attempts had been unsuccessful.
   他以前的尝试没成功。
4. A previous engagement prevents me from accepting your kind invitation.
   我因事前有了约会,不能接受您的盛情邀请。

用作表语

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. Don't be too previous about refusing.
   别过急地拒绝。
2. Aren't you rather previous in supposing that I will marry you?
   你以为我会同你结婚,你这想法不是过早了吗?

经典引文

• Commanders who had sprung to arms..without any previous military training.

  出自： E. Hemingway

• We had made friends on his previous visit.

  出自： J. F. Lehmann

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

previous to

在…之前before; prior to

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+介词

• previous to departure 在出发之前
• previous to sb's arrival 在某人到达之前

词义辨析

previous，foregoing，preceding，prior，former

• 这些形容词均可表示“在前的”之意。
• previous指时间上、顺序上较早的，或指正在谈论的某事的前一个。
• foregoing指前所述的，是following的反义词。
• preceding特指时间和地位上紧接在前。
• prior与previous同义，常可换用，但prior有时强调更大的重要性，对比意味强。
• former系latter的反义词，比prior更着重对比。

词源解说

• ☆ 1625年进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的prvius：pr (之前） + via (路），意为之前的路。

近反义词

【近义词】

• earlier
• former
• past
• preceding

【反义词】

• later
• timely

派生词

adj.(形容词)

• prevision n. 预知，预见