prevent

英 [prɪ'vent] 美 [prɪ'vent]

• v. 预防；防止，阻止；挡住

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. 预防

   stop sth happening

2. vt. & vi. 阻止

   stop sb from doing sth

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 阻止，妨碍，防止，阻挡，制止，避免
2. <古>先做
3. 先去，先来，先行，先走一步
4. 预防，防害
5. 预先
6. 迎合（愿望）
7. 预先应付（问题）
8. 【宗】引领
9. 约束，不准，杜绝，抵触
10. 行动在之前
11. 冲突

英英释义

Verb:

1. keep from happening or arising; make impossible;

   "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"
   "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"
   

2. stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state;

   "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"
   "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"
   "Keep the child from eating the marbles"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease.
   科学家们正试图找到预防疾病的方法。
2. It is the job of the police to prevent crime.
   防止犯罪是警察的职责。
3. Nothing can prevent us from carrying out the plan.
   什么也无法阻挡我们去实施这个计划。
4. Ways must be found to prevent the poisonous gases from polluting the air.
   一定要找到办法防止有毒气体污染空气。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. We shall come tomorrow if nothing prevents.
   如没有什么阻碍的话,我们明天来。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Business has prevented me.
   我因有事耽搁了。
2. Sally said she would come to see me if nothing prevented her.
   萨丽说要是没有什么事情妨碍她的话,她就来看我。
3. These rules are intended to prevent accidents.
   制定这些规则,是为了防止事故。
4. Systems, however good, cannot prevent evils.
   制度再好也防止不了坏事发生。
5. They are taking effort to prevent a new civil war.
   他们正努力制止一场新内战。

S+～+sb/sb's v -ing

1. A severe cold prevented his attending the meeting.
   他患了重感冒,未能出席会议。
2. Nobody can prevent our getting married.
   谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
3. That affair will probably prevent me coming.
   那件事可能使我来不了。
4. The rain prevented us starting on a trip.
   下雨阻碍了我们出发去旅游。
5. That didn't prevent us getting on very well together.
   这并不妨碍我们很好地相处。
6. What can we do to prevent this disease spreading?
   我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢?
7. He would be the man to prevent a new war breaking out.
   此人也许能阻止新的战争爆发。

经典引文

• The fortunate soil assisted, and even prevented, the hand of cultivation.

  出自： Gibbon

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

prevent from (v.+prep.)

阻止,防止 stop from; keep from
prevent sb/sth from v-ing
My only idea was to prevent the woman from speaking.

我唯一的想法就是不让那女人讲话。
I am very sorry that a previous engagement prevents me from accepting your kind invitation.

很抱歉,因为我已另有约会不能接受你好意的邀请。
Let nothing prevent you from doing your duty.

不要让任何事情妨碍你尽你的职责。
This will prevent them from abusing their power and enjoying special privileges.

这就可以防止他们滥用权力,享受特权。
We should take measures to prevent the flood from threatening that area.

我们应该采取措施防止洪水威胁那地区。
Metals are usually coated with paint to prevent them from rusting.

通常在金属上涂漆以防止生锈。
What prevents rays from entering your eyes?

什么阻止光线进入你的眼睛?
His prompt action prevented the fire from spreading.

他的果断行动制止了火势的蔓延。
Who prevents their plans from being carried out?

谁会阻止他们实施自己的计划呢?
We must try to prevent our environment from being polluted.

我们应该防止环境受到污染。
I have been unavoidably prevented from coming.

我身不由己,不能前来。
I was prevented by illness from joining in the competition.

我因病未能参加竞赛。
Unless we get more funding we'll be prevented from finishing our experimental programme.

我们如果得不到更多的经费,将无法完成实验计划。
They were prevented from stealing the car by a smart policeman.

一名机警的警察使他们盗车未遂。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• prevent a destructive explosion 防止破坏性爆炸
• prevent a disaster 预防一场灾难
• prevent a smile 克制住笑
• prevent a war 阻止一场战争
• prevent damage 防止损害
• prevent its freezing 防止它冻结
• prevent the airplane's taking off 使飞机无法起飞
• prevent the spread of pneumonia 预防肺炎蔓延

～+副词

• prevent admirably 很好地预防
• prevent automatically 自动防止
• prevent cautiously 小心地预防
• prevent completely 完全阻止
• prevent effectively 有效地预防
• prevent effectually 有效地预防
• prevent forcibly 强有力地防止
• prevent fully 完全阻止
• prevent mechanically 机械性地防止
• prevent medically 医疗防止
• prevent permanently 永久防止
• prevent probably 可能防止
• prevent scientifically 科学地预防
• prevent unavoidably 不可避免地阻止
• prevent from 阻止…发生
• prevent sb from coming 阻止某人前来
• prevent disease from spreading 防止这种疾病蔓延

词语用法

1. prevent指“阻止成功”，如果阻止了，但是没有成功，不可用prevent。如果说她阻止他去，实际上他的确没有去，可以说She prevented him from going.但是他不听劝，还是去的话，要说She tried to prevent him from going, but he still went；
2. prevent加宾语时，宾语后不可接不定式。

   She prevented him to go.
   该句是错误的表达。

v. (动词)

1. prevent的基本意思是“止”,可表示“阻止”(某计划或意图)、“防止”(已有兆头的险事、恶事)、“制止”(某人做某事)等,强调做好预先的防备或准备,含有“阻止成功”的意味。
2. prevent主要用作及物动词,可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,不接不定式作宾语。用作prevent宾语的动名词前常有物主代词或者名词,人称代词宾格表示其逻辑主体。prevent可用于被动结构。prevent偶尔也可用作不及物动词。
3. 表示“阻止做某事”,可用prevent sb/sb's v -ing,也可用prevent sb from v -ing,这几种用法在意义上没有明显的区别。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

prevent, block

• 这二者都可表示“阻止”,其区别是：
• prevent表示某种障碍阻止某人做某事, block指有效地堵住了所有的通道,使人、物等无法通过。例如:
• Bad weather prevented us from starting.恶劣的天气使我们不能动身。
• Heavy snow blocked our road.大雪堵住了我们的去路。

prevent, hinder

• 这组词的共同意思是“阻止,使某事受阻”,指有意或无意中形成的干扰。其区别是：
• prevent指“阻止”某事发生或存在; hinder指“延缓”某一事物的进行。

prevent, preclude

• 这组词都表示“阻止”。其区别在于:prevent强调存在不可逾越的障碍, preclude则强调存在某种情况、条件或预防措施而阻止了某事的发生。

block，bar，hinder，obstruct，prevent，hamper

• 这些动词均含有“阻止、阻塞”之意。
• block语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
• bar含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
• hinder语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
• obstruct正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
• prevent含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
• hamper侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 她企图阻止他去,但他还是去了。

   误 She prevented him from going, but he still went.

   正 She tried to prevent him from going, but he still went.

   析 prevent表示“阻止”成功,如果阻止未成功则应该说try to prevent。

2. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实现。

   误 No one can prevent the plan from carrying out.

   正 No one can prevent the plan from being carried out.

   析 在prevent...from...结构中,若介词from后的宾语有被动意义,则要用动名词的被动形式。

3. 没有什么能阻止他独立作环球航行。

   误 Nothing could prevent him to sail round the world single-handed.

   正 Nothing could prevent him from sailing round the world single-handed.

   正 Nothing could prevent him sailing round the world single-handed.

   正 Nothing could prevent his sailing round the world single-handed.

   析 表示“阻止某人做某事”,可以说prevent sb from v -ing, prevent sb v -ing或prevent sb's v -ing,但不能说prevent sb to- v sth。

词源解说

• ☆ 15世纪初期进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的prventus，意为妨碍。

近反义词

【近义词】

• avoid
• bar
• block
• inhibit
• restrain
• stop

【反义词】

• cause
• foster
• help