plan

英 [plæn] 美 [plæn]

• n. 计划；方法；策略；设计图；平面图
• v. 打算；安排；计划；设计

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [C]计划,打算,方案

   an arrangement, especially one that has been carefully; considered, for carrying out some activity

2. [C]平面图,示意图

   a drawing of a building or room as it might be seen from above, showing the shape, measures, position of the walls, etc.

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 计划,打算,设计

   make a plan for sth or make drawings, models, or other representations of

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 平面图，设计图，示意图，图纸
2. 计划，打算
3. 方案，方法，草案
4. 设计，规划
5. 办法
6. 进程表，时间表
7. 轮廓，梗概
8. 图面，图表
9. 地图

v. 动词

1. 打算，盘算
2. 计划，策划，筹划
3. （精心）安排
4. 绘制（平面图、设计图），制（图）
5. 设想，想办法
6. 图谋，谋划
7. 制订，编制
8. 期待，希望
9. 组织，部署
10. 设计
11. 意欲
12. 预期

英英释义

Noun:

1. a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished;

   "they drew up a six-step plan"
   "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
   

2. an arrangement scheme;

   "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"
   "it was an excellent design for living"
   "a plan for seating guests"
   

3. scale drawing of a structure;

   "the plans for City Hall were on file"
   

Verb:

1. have the will and intention to carry out some action;

   "He plans to be in graduate school next year"
   "The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion"
   

2. make plans for something;

   "He is planning a trip with his family"
   

3. make or work out a plan for; devise;

   "They contrived to murder their boss"
   "design a new sales strategy"
   "plan an attack"
   

4. make a design of; plan out in systematic, often graphic form;

   "design a better mousetrap"
   "plan the new wing of the museum"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. As far as I am concerned, I'm not against your plan.
   就我而言，我并不反对你的计划。
2. Then a courageous police officer came up with a daring, desperate plan.
   然后,一位勇敢的警官孤注一掷想出了一个大胆的方法。
3. The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
   警察制定出了策略捉贼。
4. Jack traced out the plan of a house quickly.
   杰克很快描画出一座房屋的平面图。

用作动词 (v.)

1. Where do you plan to spend your holiday?
   你打算去哪里度假？
2. They plan to get married in the summer.
   他们打算夏天结婚。
3. Peter is trying to plan his studies.
   彼得在试着安排他的学习。
4. We must plan everything carefully.
   一切我们都要周密计划。
5. The bank plan a rescue operation for the company.
   银行计划对这个公司采取挽救措施。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. Your plan sounds fine in theory, but will it work?
   你的计划在理论上听起来不错,但行得通吗?
2. If my plan isn't approved of by the Committee, all my work will have wasted.
   如果我的计划得不到委员会的批准,我的工夫就白费了。
3. This plan has not answered. We must find a better one.
   这个计划未成功,我们必须另拟一个更好的计划。
4. Has everything been allowed for in your plan?
   你的计划是否把各种情况都考虑进去了?
5. Would you counsel our giving up the plan?
   你会建议我们放弃这个计划吗?
6. They had achieved their plan by the end of last month.
   他们到上月底已经完成了计划。
7. I agree with you, but I am afraid I cannot agree to your plan.
   我同意你的看法,但我恐怕不能同意这个方案。
8. The railway system was patterned on the successful plan used in other countries.
   这个铁路系统是仿照其他国家的成功方案建设的。
9. Your best plan would be to catch a taxi; that's the only way you'll get there in time.
   你最好的办法是乘一辆出租车,这是你准时到达那里的唯一办法。
10. The builder must follow the architect's plan.
    建筑工人必须按照建筑师的设计图纸施工。
11. The architect gave them a set of plans.
    建筑师给了他们一套设计图纸。

～+for n./v -ing

1. They are talking about their plans for a new school.
   他们在谈论建立一所新学校的构想。
2. They have made a plan for the use of their time.
   他们制定了一个利用时间的计划。
3. Have you made any plans for the holidays?
   你有什么度假的计划吗?
4. We did try to pin him down on his plans for the swimming pool, but he remained evasive.
   我们确实想要他对他所拟订的游泳池计划表明态度,但他总是闪烁其词。
5. Everybody approves of the plans for a new school building.
   大家都赞成建造一所新校舍的计划。
6. This is the plan for our new building.
   这是我们新大楼的设计图。
7. The architect submitted the plans for approval.
   建筑师将设计图纸交付审批。
8. I have a plan for overcoming the difficulty.
   我有了一个克服困难的办法。

～+of n.

1. She studied the plan of the house.
   她研究过这座房屋的平面图。
2. The plans of the new development are on show at the town hall.
   镇公所大厅展示了新开发项目的平面图。

～+to- v

1. They devised a plan to rob a bank.
   他们策划抢劫银行。
2. They want to make a plan to produce energy from waste material.
   他们想提出一个利用废物生产能源的计划。
3. The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
   警察已制定出一个逮小偷的方案。
4. He was talking about his plans to build a new house.
   他在谈准备新建一幢房子的打算。
5. I told him of my plan to live in London.
   我告诉了他去伦敦住的想法。

～+is/was+to- v

1. The better plan is to peel it after boiling.
   更好的办法是将它煮过后再剥皮。

～+that-clause

1. The plan that we go for a picnic has been cancelled.
   我们出去野餐的计划取消了。
2. We must face the plan that we might fail.
   我们必须面对我们可能要失败的计划。

～+is/was+that-clause

1. My plan is that we finish the work earlier.
   我的计划是尽早完成这项工作。
2. The plan is that we go to Beijing quickly.
   我们的计划是尽快去北京。

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. It's better to plan if you want arrangements to be really efficient.
   如果你希望有个紧凑的安排,最好事先做个计划。
2. We must plan with respect to the future.
   我们必须对未来有个打算。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. I have planned the whole thing to the smallest detail.
   我已经把整个事情连最小的细节都计划好了。
2. How do you plan a book?
   你怎样拟订著书提纲?
3. We've been planning this visit for months.
   几个月来我们一直在计划这次访问。
4. We must plan everything carefully.
   我们事事都要周密计划。
5. Have you planned your trip?
   你已做好旅行的安排了吗?
6. The architect planned a house for us.
   建筑师为我们设计了一幢房子。
7. The Government is planning another new express railway line.
   政府正在设计另一条新高速铁路线。
8. They planned the streets of the town.
   他们画出了城市的街道规划图。
9. We planned the battle together.
   我们一起制定了作战计划。
1
10. It's all planned.
    一切都计划好了。
11. Everything must be exactly planned and organized in advance.
    一切都应事先进行周密计划和组织。
12. Everything must be planned on a long-term basis.
    事事必须做长期的打算。

S+～+to- v

1. What do you plan to do during the holidays?
   你打算在假期里做什么?
2. Where do you plan to spend your holiday?
   你打算在何处度假?
3. They planned to spend the day at the exhibition.
   他们打算在那一天去看展览。
4. Jack planned to play a trick on this giant.
   杰克打算把这个巨人愚弄一下。
5. Do you plan to subscribe to these magazines?
   你打算订阅这些杂志吗?
6. Brown planned to destroy the old bridge.
   布朗打算毁掉这座古老的桥。
7. He planned to cross the Pacific by yacht.
   他曾打算乘快艇横渡太平洋。
8. We planned to have finished the work before supper.
   我们本打算在吃晚饭前做完活。
9. This year we plan to expand our cotton plots.
   今年我们计划扩大棉花种植面积。
10. He is planning to visit England next month.
    他计划下个月访问英国。
1
11. The conference was originally planned to open in March.
    会议原计划在三月开幕。
12. The house is planned to give a large sitting room.
    这座房子内设计有一间大起居室。

S+～+ v -ing

1. I planned going myself.
   我打算亲自去。
2. We planned abolishing the outdated rules.
   我们打算废除旧的条律。

S+～+wh-clause

1. He began to plan what he would do with his Sundays.
   他开始计划星期天的活动。
2. They planned very carefully how they would accomplish their mission.
   他们为该如何完成任务制定了周密的计划。

经典引文

• He builds his model from a plan, prepared with compass and ruler.

  出自： P. Brook

• The gardens were planned by the best landscape gardeners of the day.

  出自： W. P. Courtney

常用短语

用作名词 (n.)

go according to plan

顺利进行,按计划实现 (of events, etc.) take place successfully

用作动词 (v.)

plan for (v.+prep.)

为…作安排 make preparations for
plan for sb/sth
What wonderful futures we have planned for our children!

我们给孩子们安排了多么美好的前程啊!
He planned for a picnic if the next day were fine.

如果明天天气好,他打算去野餐。
They are planning for an outing.

他们计划进行一次郊游。
They began planning for the meeting that day.

他们当天就开始筹划这个会议。
She's planning for her future.

她在为自己的前途打算。
He had spent 18 years in planning for that wonderful voyage.

为准备这次奇妙的航行他花了18年时间。 plan for sb to-v
I have planned for her to go to college.

我已经为她安排去上大学。 plan sth for sth
Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living.

巴西利亚是为现代生活而精心设计的。

plan on (v.+prep.)

指望 count on
plan on v-ing
Do you plan on staying here another year?

你打算在这里再呆上一年吗?
I don't plan on going to bed just yet.

我现在还不打算上床睡觉。
She had planned on doing some work this afternoon.

她原打算今天下午做些事。
We planned on reaching the town by sunset.

我们打算天黑前到达城里。 plan on sb's v-ing
Don't plan on our visiting next month, for we expect to be very busy then.

别指望下个月我们来访,因为估计那时会很忙。

plan out (v.+adv.)

为…作出准备 make preparations for
plan sth ⇔ out
They planned out the trip with care.

他们为这次旅行做了周密的计划。
He's busy planning out a new book.

他正忙于构思一本新书。
I'm planning out the school debate.

我正在筹划学校辩论会。
A military campaign has to be carefully planned out.

一次战役必须经过周密的部署。
It's all planned out.

一切都安排好了。

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• abolish plan 废弃计划
• accept plan 接受计划
• adopt plan 采纳计划
• approve plan 批准计划
• cancel plan 取消计划
• carry plan to completion 完成计划
• carry out plan 执行计划,实施计划
• change plan 改变计划
• devise plan 制订计划
• discuss plan 讨论计划
• draw up plan 制订计划
• drop plan 放弃计划
• execute plan 执行计划
• favor plan 赞成计划
• form plan 形成计划
• fulfill plan 完成任务〔计划〕
• hold up plan 中止计划
• implement plan 执行计划
• introduce plan 提出计划
• launch plan 推出计划
• lay out plan 制订计划
• make (out) plan 制订计划
• map out plan 制订计划
• modify plan 修改计划
• outline plan 草拟计划
• present plan 提出计划
• propose plan 提出计划
• put plan into operation 实施计划
• realize plan 实现计划
• reject plan 否决计划
• revise plan 修改计划
• ruin plan 破坏计划
• speed up plan 加速执行计划
• stick to plan 按计划办事
• talk about plan 谈论计划
• think over plan 再三考虑计划
• work out plan 制订计划
• wreck plan 破坏计划

形容词+～

• bold plan 大胆的计划
• clever plan 巧妙的计划
• complete plan 完整的计划
• complicated plan 复杂的计划
• directive plan 指令性的计划
• economic plan 经济计划
• effective plan 有效的计划
• elaborate plan 精心设计的计划
• feasible plan 可行的计划
• fine plan 如意算盘
• future plan 将来的计划
• general plan 总图,总体规划
• important plan 重要的计划
• impracticable plan 不切实际的计划
• impractical plan 不现实的计划
• industrial plan 工业计划
• makeshift plan 临时计划,权宜之计
• operational plan 作战计划
• original plan 原来的计划
• permanent plan 永久性计划
• realistic plan 现实的计划
• rough plan 草图,大体的计划
• safe plan 稳妥的计划
• secret plan 秘密计划
• strategic plan 战略计划
• sweeping plan 笼统的计划
• well-laid plan 精心拟定的计划,深思熟虑的计划
• well-thought-out plan 精心拟定的计划,深思熟虑的计划
• workable plan 可行的计划

名词+～

• battle plan 战斗计划
• borrowing plan 贷款计划
• draft plan 计划草案
• easy-payment plan 分期付款购物方案
• five-year plan 五年计划
• flight plan 飞行计划
• health plan 健康规划
• installment plan 〈美〉分期付款计划
• investment plan 投资项目
• long-term plan 长期规划
• national defense plan 国防计划
• pension plan 养老金支付方案
• pioneer plan 开拓型计划
• restoration plan 修复计划
• retirement plan 退休金支付方案
• security plan 保安计划
• short-term plan 短期规划,权宜之计
• state plan 国家计划
• teaching plan 教学计划
• floor plan 平面图
• master plan 总图
• working plan 工作程序图,施工图

介词+～

• according to plan 根据计划
• under plan 按此计划

～+介词

• plan for… 的计划
• plan for attack 攻击计划
• plan for reducing inflation 削减通货膨胀的计划
• plan for school 学校的平面图
• plan of study 学习计划

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• plan a book 拟订写书的提纲
• plan a garden 设计花园
• plan one's trip 安排旅行

～+副词

• plan blindly 盲目地计划
• plan carefully 周密计划
• plan casually 非正式地计划
• plan cautiously 谨慎地计划
• plan cheerfully 愉快地计划
• plan completely 完全计划
• plan deliberately 审慎地计划
• plan exactly 精确计划
• plan immediately 立即计划
• plan intelligently 设计得巧妙
• plan officially 正式地计划
• plan originally 原计划
• plan passively 被动地计划
• plan peacefully 平静地计划
• plan philosophically 冷静地计划
• plan prudently 谨慎地计划
• plan quickly 迅速地计划
• plan realistically 实际地打算
• plan reasonably 合理地计划
• plan recklessly 轻率地计划
• plan regretfully 遗憾地计划
• plan reluctantly 不情愿地计划
• plan responsibly 负责任地计划
• plan rightly 正当地计划
• plan safely 很有把握地计划
• plan sagely 明智地计划
• plan scientifically 科学地计划
• plan secretly 秘密地计划
• plan selfishly 自私地计划
• plan sensibly 明智地计划
• plan shamefully 无耻地计划
• plan shrewdly 机灵地计划
• plan simultaneously 同时计划
• plan solemnly 郑重地计划
• plan superficially 表面上计划
• plan temporarily 暂时计划
• plan ultimately 最终计划
• plan unanimously 一致地计划
• plan unexpectedly 出乎意外地计划
• plan unwisely 不明智地计划
• plan out 安排,筹划
• plan out a military campaign 筹划一个战役

～+介词

• plan for one's old age 为年老时打算
• plan for the future 为将来打算
• plan on 计划,打算,想要
• plan on early retirement 打算提前退休

词语用法

1. 名词plan后面常接for/of加动名词，不常跟不定式，例如a plan for/of developing the business；
2. 动词plan后面常接不定式，但在口语中常接on加动名词。

   I plan to call on them next week.
   I'm planning on calling on them next week.

3. plan out意为“为……预先制定一个计划”。

   He is busy planning out a new book.

4. according to plan这种用法里plan前不加the，表示“按照计划地”。

   Everything went according to plan.

n. (名词)

1. plan的基本意思是“计划,打算,方案”,可指从尝试性的意图或打算到详细而精确的书面方案,引申可作“目标、办法”解。
2. plan还可作“平面图,示意图”解,一般指的是建筑物在图纸上的形状、大小、尺寸以及墙的位置等。
3. plan可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词,在表示“事先安排或打算”时,常用复数形式,但可能不表示多种安排或很多计划。
4. plan后可接for sth/ v -ing或动词不定式作其定语,也可接动词不定式作其表语。plan还可接that引导的表语从句或同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟式,其中should常可省略。

v. (动词)

1. plan用作动词时意为“制订计划”“设计”,即计划某事或做某事,设计或绘制图形等。
2. plan用作及物动词时,接名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或wh-从句作宾语,可用于被动结构; 用作不及物动词时,常与for连用。
3. plan本身就表示将来的概念,故其一般时就可以表示将来时态,一般不必再与be going to连用。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

plan, design, project, scheme

• 这组词都有“计划,方案”的意思。其区别是：
• plan是一般用语,指事先作出的程序或安排; project指为进行试验而提出的大胆的计划,这种计划常常是大规模的、有时是不切实际的; design指为达到某一目的而在心中作出的打算,往往强调最后的结果,有时用于贬义; scheme常指精心安排的计划或秘密策划的阴谋。例如:
• Flying in a heavy machine was once thought an impossible project.从前认为乘笨重的飞行器飞行是一种不可实现的设想。
• Whether by accident or design, he overturned the lamp.不管是出于偶然还是故意,他把灯打翻了。
• They carefully worked out a scheme for assassinating the Prime Minister.他们精心策划了一个暗杀首相的方案。

v. (动词)

plan, design, intend

• 这组词都有“计划,打算”的意思。其区别是：
• design指为达到某种特定的目的而周密地、精心地“计划,筹划”,它偏重于计划的目的性、周密性和细致性; intend指在心中已有确定的目标或计划,作“盘算,意想”解,比plan的语气强,如:
• I intended to write to you, but I didn't get time to do so.我本打算写信给你,但是我没有时间。
• plan在这三个词中是最普通最常用的词,表示“计划,想要做”,它不像design那样含有精心周密地“策划”的意思,而与want的意思接近,例如:
• We are planning to buy a refrigerator.我们正计划买一台电冰箱。

下面三个句子意思相同:

• Do you plan doing some work this after- noon?
• Do you plan to do some work this after- noon?
• Are you planning on doing some work this afternoon?
• 你打算今天下午做些事吗?

下面两句意思不同:

• They're planning a journey.
• 他们正筹划一次旅行。
• They're planning for a journey.
• 他们正为一次旅行作准备。

plan，design，plot，scheme，project，blueprint，programme

• 这些名词均含“计划”之意。
• plan最普通常用词，多指事先经过较充分的准备或考虑后制定的计划，也可指非决定性的打算或设想。
• design侧重指按照目标、目的意向，根据固定格式精心作出的计划或安排。
• plot主要指为实现某一阴谋而拟定秘密的计划。
• scheme普通用词，比plan更强调计划的通盘筹划和某些细节的精心安排。在现代英语中，常用于指阴谋诡计。
• project多指由个人或集体为进行某项工作或完成某一项较大的任务，而制定的计划方案或设想。
• blueprint从本义蓝图，引申指详细而具体的行动计划。
• programme使用广泛，既可指思想上的计划，又可指任何形式的书面计划或规划。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 每人都作了离开巴黎的打算。

   误 Everyone made plans on leaving Paris.

   正 Everyone made plans for leaving Paris.

   正 Everyone made plans of leaving Paris.

   析 对一些名词进一步的说明或解释(如plan, idea, suggestion)时多用for或of,而不能用on。

词源解说

• ☆ 1678年进入英语，直接源自法语的plan；最初源自拉丁语的planum，意为平面，意为地图，平面。

近反义词

【近义词】

• design
• project
• scheme
• design
• intend