learn

英 [lɜːn] 美 [lɜːrn]

• v. 学会；学习；得知

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vt. & vi. 学习;学

   gain knowledge or skill, by study, practice or being taught

2. vt. 闻知;获悉;听说

   be told or informed

详尽释义

v. 动词

1. 听到，听说
2. 知道，得知，获悉
3. 学会
4. 学，学到，习得，学习
5. 记住，背熟，熟记
6. 认识到，弄清楚 ，了解到
7. 教
8. 吸取教训
9. <幽>教训
10. 意识到
11. 历经挫折才懂得
12. 获得
13. 养成

英英释义

Verb:

1. gain knowledge or skills;

   "She learned dancing from her sister"
   "I learned Sanskrit"
   "Children acquire language at an amazing rate"
   

2. get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally;

   "I learned that she has two grown-up children"
   "I see that you have been promoted"
   

3. commit to memory; learn by heart;

   "Have you memorized your lines for the play yet?"
   

4. be a student of a certain subject;

   "She is reading for the bar exam"
   

5. impart skills or knowledge to;

   "I taught them French"
   "He instructed me in building a boat"
   

6. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort;

   "I want to see whether she speaks French"
   "See whether it works"
   "find out if he speaks Russian"
   "Check whether the train leaves on time"
   

例句

用作动词 (v.)

1. Write out this word ten times so that you learn how to spell it.
   把这个字抄写十遍就能记住怎麽拼写了。
2. It's more useful to learn modern languages, such as English and German, than Latin.
   学习英语和德语等现代语言比学习拉丁语更为有用。
3. I'm trying to learn English.
   我正在尽力学英语。
4. I learned this news from the newspaper.
   我从报纸上得知这个消息。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Live and learn.
   活到老,学到老。
2. It is easy to learn.
   这很容易学。
3. It is never too late to learn.
   学习永远不会太迟。
4. Children learn faster than adults.
   孩子比成人学得快。
5. You must learn before you can get any skill or knowledge.
   你一定要先学习,才能掌握技能或知识。
6. They never learn, never give up.
   他们从不吸取教训,绝不投降。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. Generally, children learn foreign languages very easily.
   一般说来,小孩学习外语很容易。
2. They also learned acupuncture.
   他们还学习针灸。
3. I had to learn a trade at the age of seven.
   我7岁时就不得不去学一门手艺。
4. He studied hard and finally learned the lesson.
   他努力学习,终于掌握了这一课。
5. I haven't quite learnt the song yet.
   我还没有学会这首歌。
6. Have you learnt your lessons?
   你的功课学会了吗?
7. How many English words have you learned?
   你学了多少英语单词?
8. I have learned a lot of things.
   我学会了许多东西。
9. The child has learned quite a few Tang poems.
   这孩子学会了很多首唐诗。
10. Can you learn 50 words a day?
    你一天能记住50个单词吗?
11. He found it very difficult to learn the lines of the play.
    他感到很难记住该剧的台词。
12. I also learned the strength of the collective.
    我还认识到了集体的力量。
13. They were at last to learn the particulars of the earthquake.
    最后,他们了解到了地震的详细情况。
14. She has learned the truth at last.
    她最后知道了事实真相。
15. What would he think if he learned the truth?
    他要是知道了真实情况,会怎么想呢?
16. Gradually he learned the habits of these insects.
    他逐步了解了这些昆虫的习性。
17. They were greatly surprised to learn the news.
    听到这个消息,他们都很吃惊。
18. How had he learned that secret?
    他怎么得知这个秘密的?

S+～+to- v

1. I advise you to learn to swim.
   我劝你学习游泳。
2. You must learn to keep your balance in skating.
   在溜冰时你得学会保持平衡。
3. You must learn to wait on yourself now.
   你现在应该学会自己照顾自己了。
4. Franklin had a deep conviction that we must learn to understand and get on with our neighbours in this hemisphere.
   富兰克林深信,我们一定会了解本半球的邻居,并学会同他们友好相处。
5. As a teacher, she should learn to set an example with her own conduct.
   作为一名教师,她应该懂得以身作则。
6. She is learning to speak American English.
   她在学说美式英语。
7. He's learning to drive a car.
   他在学开车。
8. He began to learn to read and write at the age of five.
   他5岁就开始学习读书、写字。
9. It took me more than a year to learn to draw a horse in five minutes.
   我花了一年多的时间学会用5分钟画一匹马。
10. In the past two hundred years man has learned to use steam and electricity.
    在过去的200年间,人类学会了利用蒸汽和电力。
11. They have learned to scorn difficulties.
    他们学会了藐视困难。
12. He had learned to perform a number of difficult technical feats on the violin.
    他学会了不少小提琴高难度的演奏技巧。

S+～+wh-to- v

1. I'm learning how to repair motors.
   我正在学习怎样修理发动机。
2. He is learning how to write a composition.
   他在学习怎样写作文。
3. He is learning how to play the piano.
   他正在学习弹钢琴。
4. A baby learns how to walk and then how to run.
   幼儿先学走,后学跑。
5. You ought to learn how to be patient.
   你要学会耐心。
6. Within two weeks' time, she learned how to pronounce the English letters.
   两个星期内她学会了英语字母的发音。
7. He has learned how to run the car.
   他学会了开车。
8. Have you learned how to ride a bicycle?
   你已经学会骑自行车了吗?
9. She has learned how to install this electric equipment.
   她已学会了安装这种电器设备。
10. You must learn when to speak and when to keep silent.
    你必须学会什么时候讲话,什么时候沉默。

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. I'll learn you to come to my orchard and steal apples.
   我要给你一个教训,看你下一次还敢来我的苹果园偷吃苹果。
2. This will learn you to keep out of mischief.
   这将使你得到教训,不敢再捣蛋。

S+～+ v -ing

1. I learnt reading and writing at school.
   我在学校学会了读和写。
2. He learned swimming in his childhood.
   他在童年时学会了游泳。

S+～+that-clause

1. Do you learn that Jack has come back?
   你可知道杰克已经回来了吗?
2. I was surprised to learn that he had failed the examination.
   听说他这次考试不及格。我感到很惊讶。
3. I learnt that she was once a governess.
   我听说她做过家庭教师。
4. We just learned that he was ill.
   我们刚听说他生病了。
5. He learned that another member had been arrested.
   他听说另一个成员被捕了。
6. I have learned that Mr. Smith will take part in our discussion.
   听说史密斯先生要参加我们的讨论。
7. I have learnt that he will go to the U.S. for further studies.
   我听说他要到美国去深造。
8. You will soon learn that dishonesty does not pay.
   你很快就会懂得,不老实是要吃亏的。
9. You must learn that you cannot treat people like servants.
   你必须明白,你不能像对待仆人一样对待人家。
10. When he learned that his son always received “excellent” in all subjects, he was very pleased.
    当他得知儿子在校各门功课都是优时,他非常高兴。
11. We learned that this method was not perfect and required to be improved.
    我们认识到这一方法并不完善,尚需改进。

S+～+wh-clause

1. We can learn what we did not know.
   我们能学会我们原来不懂的东西。
2. I'm going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.
   我将学习我的导师希望我学的东西。
3. We've not yet learnt whether he arrived safely.
   我们尚未获悉他是否安全抵达。

It is/was ～ed+that-clause

1. It was learned that the great fire was caused by the carelessness of a housewife.
   据悉那次火灾是由于一位主妇不慎而引起的。

用作双宾动词

S+～+ n./pron. +wh-to- v

1. He learned me how to play chess.
   他教我如何下棋。
2. I'll learn you how to disobey my orders!
   我要给你一点厉害看看不服从我的命令会怎么样!

S+～+ n./pron. +wh-clause

1. I did learn him what he should do and what he shouldn't.
   我认真地教训了他一顿,要他知道应该做什么和不应该做什么。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. They learned her gone.
   他们得知她怀孕了。

经典引文

• Lena could first..learn how to do things.

  出自： G. Stein

• We learnt by bitter experience.

  出自： B. Montgomery

• Oh Jo, you're only a kid. Why don't you learn from my mistakes?

  出自： S. Delaney

• She had learned a lot and was very wise and provident now.

  出自： R. P. Jhabvala

• From my clumsy fall I learned to be more cautious.

  出自： D. Wigoder

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

learn about( v.+prep. )

得知有关…的消息 come to hear about;gain information about sth/sb
learn about sth
I have come here to learn about the factory's production.

我来了解工厂的生产情况。
By reading newspapers you can learn about new development in science, art, literature and technology.

通过看报你能获悉科学、艺术、文学和技术方面的新发展。 learn sth about sth
It's no use learning facts about a subject if you don't understand it.

只了解某一学科的知识而并不理解,那是毫无用处的。 learn about sb/sth
He learned about the matter before he came.

他来以前就听说这件事了。
I learned about his death only this morning.

今天早上我才听说他去世了。
How did you learn about our product?

你是怎样了解到我们的产品的?
We only learned about your intended visit yesterday.

我们昨天才听说你们准备来访。
Your own parents should not have to learn about your wedding from a newspaper report!

不应当让你的父母从报纸报道中才得到你结婚的消息!

learn by( v.+prep. )

从…学到 learn sth from sth
learn by sth
Wise men learn by other men's mistake;fools by their own.

聪明的人从别人的错误中学习,傻子才从自己的错误中学习。 learn sth by sb/sth
Learn wisdom by the folly of others.

从别人的愚蠢行动中学到智慧。

learn from( v.+prep. )

向…学习;从…获得〔吸取〕 gain knowledge from;come to know sth from sb
learn from sb/sth
We should learn from Lei Feng.

我们应当向雷锋同志学习。
A man who does not learn from others can't hope to achieve much.

一个不向别人学习的人不能指望有多大成就。
Modern man can learn from the mistake of his ancestors.

现代人能够从其祖先的错误中学到本领。
We all learn from our mistakes.

我们都因自己所犯的错误而学得更聪明。
Although Lu Hsun lived half a century ago, there is much that we can learn from his works today.

虽然鲁迅生活在半个世纪以前,但我们今天仍可以从他的著作中学到许多东西。
Why don't you learn from my mistakes?

你为什么不从我的错误中吸取教训呢?
If men could learn from history, what lessons it might teach us!

如果人们学习历史会变得更明智的话,历史给我们的教训多大啊! learn sth from sb/sth
She learned everything from me.

她什么都是向我学的。
He had learned the song from his mother as a child.

当他还是个小孩时就从他妈妈那里学会了这首歌。
She learned English from an English teacher.

她跟一位英语老师学英语。
From him I learned that a good politician is marked to great extent by his sense of timing.

从他那儿我懂得,一个能干的政治家在很大程度上在于审时度势。
From her letter I learned that her elder son is now in the army.

从她信上我了解到,她的大儿子现在在部队里。
I have learned from bitter experience that it does not pay to be too hopeful.

痛苦的经验使我懂得了空抱太大的希望是无济于事的。
I learned from his roommate that he had been in hospital for over a week.

从他的室友那里,我知道他已经进医院一个多星期了。
I've learned something from your eyes.

我从你的眼睛里知道了一点情况。
Much can be learned from a good teacher.

从一位好老师那儿能学到很多东西。

learn of( v.+prep. )

听说… come to hear about;gain information about sth/sb
learn of sth
I am sorry to learn of his illness.

我听说他病了,很难过。
I've just learned of his arrival.

我刚听说他来了。
She only learnt of her son's marriage long after the event.

儿子结婚的事过了很久她才得知。
He had learned of his father's death in Australia.

他在澳大利亚就听说了父亲的死讯。
When I came back, the wounded soldiers had been removed,I could not learn of their condition.

等我回来时,伤员们已经转移,我无法得知他们的情况。

learn off( v.+adv. )

记熟,背熟,记住 learn from memory, so as to be able to repeat them exactly
learn sth ⇔ off
Can you learn off the part by the end of the week?

到周末,你能记熟这部分吗?
The actor has learned off his lines.

这位演员已经把台词背下来了。

learn up( v.+adv. )

学会 study;learn sth such as information thoroughly
learn sth ⇔ up
She has learned up as much French as she could for the trip.

为了这次旅行,她尽量地学了一些法语。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• learn a foreign language 学习一门外语
• learn a new game 学习新游戏
• learn a trade 学手艺
• learn English 学英语
• learn lessons 接受教训
• learn new skill 学会一种新的技能
• learn painting 学画画
• learn piano 学弹钢琴
• learn sb's marriage 得知某人的婚事
• learn sb's name 听说过某人的名字
• learn science 学习科学
• learn the truth 了解真相
• learn wisdom 学习有益的东西
• learn words 学单词

～+副词

• learn fast 学得快
• learn soon 很快地学会
• learn well 学得好
• learn aptly 易于学习
• learn brilliantly 英明地学习
• learn instinctively 本能地学习
• learn invariably 始终如一地学习
• learn normally 正规地学习
• learn precociously 过早地学习
• learn quickly 学得快
• learn rapidly 学得快
• learn scientifically 科学地学习
• learn slowly 慢慢地学习
• learn thoroughly 全面地学习
• learn off 牢记
• learn up 尽量详尽地学习

～+介词

• learn about 学会
• learn about sb's illness 得知某人生病
• learn by experience 从经验中学习
• learn by heart 记住
• learn the poem by heart 背颂诗
• learn from 从…学〔得知,了解〕
• learn from experience 从经验中学习
• learn from sb's mistakes 从某人的错误中受到教益
• learn in practice 在实践中学习
• learn of 学习,得知,了解
• learn of the result 得知结果
• learn through struggle 在斗争中学习

词语用法

v. (动词)

1. learn的基本意思是“学,学习”,指通过他人的讲授或从经验中获得知识或技能,表示处于初级阶段或具有技术性的学习活动,强调的是一个由“不知道”到“知道”的过程,也可表示学习的成果,即“学会,学到”。还可指“听说,得知”。
2. learn可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,接名词、动名词、(带疑问词的)动词不定式、或由that或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。当作“教”或“给某人一个教训”解时,还可接双宾语,偶尔还可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. learn作“听说,获悉”解时,是传达信息的动词,常可用一般现在时来代替一般过去时。
4. learn用作不及物动词作“吸取教训”解时,多用于否定句。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

learn about, learn of

• 这两个短语的共同意思是“获悉”。其区别是：
• learn about的意思是“获悉有关…的情况”;learn of的意思是“获悉某消息”。试比较：
• Where did you learn about this?
• 你是从哪儿听来的?
• She learned of her son's success in the newspapers.
• 她从报纸上得悉她儿子成功的消息。
• 另外, learn about还可表示“学习有关…方面的知识”;而learn of无此意义。

learn, learn about

• 这两者都可接fact, cause, truth, news等表示“得悉”“了解到”的意思。其区别是

learn about, learn up

• 这两个短语都是“得悉”“了解到”的意思。其区别是learn about侧重“内容”;learn up侧重程度,即“学会”。例如:
• Your learning about it doesn't mean that you've learned it up. 你知道了并不说明你已掌握了。

learn by, learn from

• 这两个短语的共同意思是“学习”。其区别是：
• learn by指“通过…学习”,强调“方式”;而learn from指“从…中学习”,强调“来源”。试体会:
• You can learn by doing.
• 你可以从实践中学。
• We should learn from failures and setbacks.
• 我们应该从失败和挫折中吸取教训。
• 另外, learn from可用于表示“向某人学习”;而learn by无此意义。

learn, study

• 这两个词的共同意思是“学习”。其区别是：
• 1.learn侧重指通过经验、练习或经别人指教而获得知识或技能,强调结果;而study指专心钻研而获得知识,有探讨和研究的意思,强调学习的过程。例如:
• He was studying the map.他正在仔细看地图。
• 2.学习技能(如to swim)只能用learn,不能用 study 。
• 3.“向某人学习”只能用learn,不能用study。例如:
• We should learn from the advanced workers.我们应该向先进工作者学习。
• 4.“在…学习”只能用study,而不能用learn。例如:
• Mary is studying at the University.玛丽在这所大学学习。

learn, ascertain, determine, discover, unearth

• 这组词都可表示“发现以前自己不知道的东西”。其区别是：
• discover指经过调查、探索去发现已经存在或可能存在、事实上的东西,这种发现也可能出于偶然; ascertain很少指偶然的发现,侧重先前的无知与无把握,以及认真地去发现真理或真相; determine比ascertain更强调寻找事实或真理,以解决争端或争执,主要用于科学和法律方面; unearth指将隐藏的、被遗忘的、失去的或极其难以追寻的东西公之于众或暴露于世,常常强调发现以前所做的认真长期的调查; learn指获得知识,发现者一般没有或很少花多大力气。例如:
• The surgeon general has determined that cigarette smoking is dangerous to our health.卫生局长已确定吸烟危害健康。
• The question is to ascertain what the people really want.问题在于一定要弄清人们究竟需要什么。
• We discovered the powder consisting of harmful ingredients.我们发现这种粉末含有害成分。
• Projecting ourselves into the future world, we should learn as much as we can now.设想一下处身于未来的世界当中,我们现在就应该尽可能多学一点东西。
• They have unearthed the secret.他们已经发现了这个秘密。

learn, know, understand

• 这组词都有“了解”的意思。它们的区别是:know指对某一事物的直接了解或通过体验、传授获得知识; learn意为“听说”“得知”,强调对某一具体事物从“不知”到“知”的变化; understand指对某事物的性质、规律、意义等都十分了解,而且还指了解它所包含的其他意义和关系,其程度要比know了解得更深、更广。例如:
• How had he learned that secret?他怎么得知这个秘密的?
• They were greatly surprised to learn the news.听到这个消息,他们都很吃惊。
• Do you understand the difficulty of my position?你了解我处境的困难吗?

下面各组中的两句意思相同:

• I advise you to learn to swim.
• I advise you to learn swimming.
• 我劝你学学游泳。
• He learns to ride a horse.
• He learns how to ride a horse.
• 他学习骑马。

know，learn，comprehend，understand

• 这些动词都含“懂、知道、明了”之意。
• know普通用词，多指通过学习、经验或他人传播而得到知识，含直接知道的意味。
• learn通常指通过他人而获得消息或情况，侧重从不知到知的变化过程。
• comprehend侧重熟悉了解的过程。
• understand指对事物已有彻底的认识，不仅知其性质、含义和细节，而且了解其内外的关系。

learn，study

• 这两个动词均含“学习”之意。
• learn常指一般性的学习，尤指初级阶段的学习，表示摹仿实践的过程；着重成果时，作“学会”解。
• study着重指学习过程和高深的或周密的研究，尤指从书本上学习。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 我听说他在上海做生意。

   误 I learned him to be in business in Shanghai.

   正 I learned that he was in business in Shanghai.

   析 learn作“听说,知道”解时,后面不能跟以动词不定式充当补足语的复合结构,往往接that从句。

2. 我听说过那起事故的情况。

   误 I learned the accident.

   正 I learned of the accident.

   析 learn表示“学习”, learn of表示“获悉,得知”。

3. 他学会游泳了。

   误 He has learned swimming.

   正 He has learned to swim.

   析 learn v -ing强调学习的过程;learn to- v 强调学习的结果。

4. 你在这里还是学到了一点东西。

   误 After all, you have learned some knowledge here.

   正 After all, you have learned something here.

   析 knowledge不能与learn连用。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的leornian，意为获得知识，培养。

近反义词

【近义词】

• acquire
• gain
• master
• study

【反义词】

• unlearn 忘掉
• teach 教