desire

英 [dɪ'zaɪə(r)] 美 [dɪ'zaɪər]

• n. 渴望；愿望；欲望
• v. 渴望；向往；要求

双解释义

n. (名词)

1. [U][C]愿望,欲望,心愿

   a strong hope or wish

v. (动词)

1. vt. 要求,请求

   request; ask for

2. vt. 期望,渴望

   long for; wish; have a desire for; want very much

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 情欲，性欲，肉欲
2. 愿望，希望，渴望，欲望，强烈追求
3. 渴望的东西，渴望的人
4. 要求，请求
5. 食欲
6. 想法，心思，心愿

v. 动词

1. 要求，恳求，请求，希求，祈求，向…要
2. 希望，愿望，渴望，期望，意欲，巴望，企望，希冀
3. 想与…发生性关系，被（某人）吸引，对（某人）产生性欲
4. 追求，希冀得到，孜孜以求
5. 想念，惦念，惦记
6. 邀请

英英释义

Noun:

1. the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

2. an inclination to want things;

   "a man of many desires"
   

3. something that is desired

Verb:

1. feel or have a desire for; want strongly;

   "I want to go home now"
   "I want my own room"
   

2. expect and wish;

   "I trust you will behave better from now on"
   "I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise"
   

3. express a desire for

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. I am filled with the desire to go back home.
   我心中充满了回家的渴望。
2. Young people have no desire to work for the government.
   年轻人没有在政府部门工作的意愿。
3. Her desire to dominate other people has caused trouble in her family.
   她想支配他人的欲望在家庭中引起了麻烦。

用作动词 (v.)

1. She desires for a breakthrough in her research.
   她渴望自己的研究能够出现突破。
2. Everyone desires to live in a world free of worries and pains.
   每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。
3. We desire you to complete the work within one month.
   我们要求你在一个月内完成这项工作。

常见句型

用作名词 (n.)

1. They have to inhibit wrong desires.
   他们不得不制止错误的想法。
2. She is my heart's desire.
   她是我的心上人。
3. I hope that you may have your heart's desire.
   我希望你如愿以偿。

～+for n.

1. Everything she does is motivated only by a desire for money.
   她所做的一切都是为了钱。
2. The two leaders spoke of their desire for improved relations.
   两位领袖谈到了他们改善关系的愿望。
3. Little Hans couldn't fight back his desire for the chocolate cake and ate a small piece before it was served.
   在巧克力蛋糕还没有端上来之前,小汉斯就忍不住吃了一小块。
4. My desire for knowledge prompted me to buy the encyclopedia.
   求知欲使我买了这本百科全书。

～+of v -ing

1. I have a desire of making money.
   我想要挣钱。
2. He came with a desire of soliciting my assistance.
   他此次来有向我求助的意思。

～+to- v

1. Failure only intensified my desire to succeed.
   失败反而使我增强了获得成功的欲望。
2. The desire to climb the mountain blinded Jim to all the difficulties.
   登山的强烈欲望使吉姆无视所有的困难。
3. On the whole an infant's desire to learn is so strong that parents need only provide opportunity.
   总的说来,幼儿学习的愿望是很强烈的,父母亲只需提供机会就行了。
4. He was burning with the desire to catch up with his classmates in studies.
   他急着要在学习方面赶上班上的同学们。
5. He expressed a desire to see the papers.
   他极想看到这些文件。
6. It's difficult to fight down a desire to sleep.
   困意上来难以抑制。
7. She was seized with a sudden desire to laugh at a most unsuitable moment in the performance.
   在演出中最不该笑的时候,她突然想笑。
8. He was motivated by a desire to reach a compromise.
   他的动机是希望达成某种妥协。
9. Mother is sure to have something to say against your desire to leave home.
   你想离开家里,母亲肯定会反对的。
10. The desire to be rich possessed him to act so.
    发财的欲望使他做出如此事来。
11. The girl seemed to be gripped by a powerful desire to laugh.
    这姑娘好像被一种想笑的强烈欲望所支配。

～+that-clause

1. They expressed their desires that the papers should be made public.
   他们表示很希望这些文件能公之于世。

用作动词 (v.)

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. The people desire peace, security and happiness.
   人民向往和平、安全、幸福。
2. We all desire happiness and health.
   我们都想得到幸福和健康。
3. We all desire your early reply.
   我们都希望你尽早答复。
4. Men who desire success must be prepared to work.
   凡是想取得成功的人都得准备工作。
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5. I'll work as I am desired.
   我将按要求去做。
6. Our rooms at the hotel were all that could be desired.
   我们在旅馆中所住的房间让我们满意极了。
7. His answers leave nothing to be desired.
   他的答案十分完美。

S+～+to- v

1. She had never desired to do anything like it.
   她从不渴望做那样的事情。
2. They greatly desired to come to China.
   他们非常想到中国来。
3. I desire to make his acquaintance.
   我很想认识他。
4. I desire to see your brother.
   我想见你哥。
5. In front of the labour exchange there are many people desiring to get a job.
   职业介绍所门前有许多想找工作的人。
6. We always desire to live in peace with our neighbours.
   我们总是想与我们的邻居们和平共处。

S+～+that-clause

1. I desire that you shall be there.
   我渴望你能在那儿。
2. She desires that it shall not be mentioned for the present.
   她希望暂且不要再提及此事了。
3. He desires that we shall go there with him tomorrow.
   他希望明天我们和他一起到那儿去。
4. The president desired that you (should) visit him next week.
   总统希望你下星期去拜访他。
5. He desires that she (should) go and see him at once.
   他请求她马上去看他。
6. I desire that these letters should be burnt after I leave.
   我要求我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。

It is/was ～ed+that-clause

1. It is desired that this rule shall be brought to the attention of the staff.
   请把这条规定提请办事人员注意。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. +to- v

1. Please desire Mr. Li to come in.
   请李先生进来。
2. She desired him to wait.
   她请求他等一下。
3. What do you desire me to do?
   你希望我怎么办?
4. They desired him to go there at once.
   他们希望他马上到那儿去。
5. They desired the place to be cleared by him.
   他们希望他把这地方弄干净。
6. They desire a meeting to be called.
   他们希望召开一次会议。
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7. The Four Modernizations are desired to be realized by the end of this century.
   人们期望在本世纪末实现四个现代化。

S+～+ n./pron. + v -ed

1. I desire the package insured.
   我希望这个邮包上保险。
2. She desires everything finished by twelve.
   她希望事情到12点时做完。

其他

v -ed as Attrib.

1. The medicine did not have the desired effect.
   这药没有产生预期的疗效。
2. However, this failed to produce the desired effect.
   但是这并没有产生预期的效果。
3. They didn't accomplish the purpose desired.
   他们没有达到预期的目的。
4. To their disappointment, they didn't obtain the achievement desired.
   使他们失望的是他们没有取得预期的成绩。

经典引文

• The elder King felt a strong desire to see his brother.

  出自： E. W. Lane

• The democrat's conscious desire is philanthropic; he wants love to prevail.

  出自： J. Barzun

• Frustrated in his desire for larger premises.

  出自： V. S. Pritchett

• You desire your child to live.

  出自： Tennyson

• A man who desired to lease a store-building.

  出自： S. Lewis

• I would like for him only what I desire for myself.

  出自： A. Sillitoe

词汇搭配

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• arouse desire 引起欲望
• attain desire 实现欲望
• create desire 产生欲望
• cross one's desire 违背心愿
• express a desire 表达愿望
• meet the desire of 满足…的愿望
• raise desire 引起…的欲望
• satisfy one's desire 满足欲望
• suppress desire 压抑欲望
• whet desire 激起欲望

形容词+～

• animal desire 兽欲
• blind desire 盲目的愿望
• burning desire 炽热的愿望
• earnest desire 诚挚的欲望
• fervent desire 强烈的愿望
• irresistible desire 无法抗拒的欲望
• subjective desire 主观的愿望
• unfulfilled desire 未实现的愿望

介词+～

• according to one's desire 按某人的愿望

～+介词

• desire for money 金钱欲
• desire for power 权欲
• desire for success 渴望获得成功

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• desire a college education 希望受大学教育
• desire a drink 想喝一些饮料
• desire a position 想得到某种职位
• desire fame 企求名声
• desire good health 希望健康
• desire rest 想得到休息
• desire sb's approval 期望得到某人的赞同

～+副词

• desire ardently 热烈地期望
• desire consistently 一致地要求
• desire eagerly 急切地期望
• desire earnestly 殷切地期望
• desire eminently 高度地期望
• desire heartily 衷心地期望
• desire honestly 诚恳地期望
• desire impatiently 不耐烦地期望
• desire insistently 引人注意地期望
• desire intensely 热情地期望
• desire obviously 明显地要求
• desire particularly 特别地期望
• desire passionately 强烈地期望
• desire quaintly 离奇地要求
• desire sincerely 诚恳地期望
• desire strongly 强烈地期望
• desire unquestionably 毫无疑问地期望

～+介词

• desire by 要求
• desire for 希望得到某物

词语用法

1. desire作名词时后一般接不定式，也有接of或for和动名词，如a desire to go，a desire of/or going。前者比后者普遍；
2. desire作动词时，后只可接不定式，不可接动名词。

   I desire to go.

3. desire作动词且后面接表示人的词和不定式时，指“请求”，有时有“愿望，期望”的意思。但desire在表示“请求”时，比ask或request来的正式。

   I desire you to go at once.
   我请求你现在马上就走。

   I desire you to succeed.
   我希望你能成功。

4. desire后接that从句时，从句要用虚拟现在时。

   I desire that he should call on me on Monday morning.
   我要求他周一早晨给我打电话。

5. 表示“为了……的请求”时，常在desire前搭配at或by。

   Mr Morgan called on Mr Marley at/by Mr Franklin's desire.
   摩根先生为了富兰克林先生的请求给马利先生打了电话。

n. (名词)

1. desire用作名词的意思是“愿望,欲望”,可指各种愿望、欲望,包括好的和不好的; 可用作不可数名词,也可用作可数名词。desire引申还可作“渴望的人或事”解,常用于单数名词。
2. desire后可接动词不定式、“of+ v -ing”“for+ n. ”作定语,或虚拟的that从句修饰。

v. (动词)

1. desire的基本意思是“想要,期望”,指“人强烈地希望、愿意或决心做某事或获得某物”,有尽力争取的意味,是及物动词,可接名词、代词、动词不定式或虚拟的that从句作宾语。
2. desire后接表示物的名词作宾语时,后面可接被动词不定式(主动式或被动式)或过去分词作宾语补足语。
3. desire是表示愿望的动词,通常不用于进行体。

词义辨析

n. (名词)

desire, craving, lust

• 这三个词均可表示“欲望”。其区别是：
• desire可指各种欲望,包括好的和不好的; craving表示强烈的欲望,尤指被认为是不好的欲望,如:a craving for cigarettes抽烟的强烈欲望; lust语气很强,通常用作贬义词,如:the lust for power权欲。

v. (动词)

desire, hope, want, wish

• 这组词都含有“想”“希望”的意思。其区别是：
• 1.desire和hope多指可以达到的事; wish通常用于难以实现或达到的事, wish也可表示祈愿。
• 2.desire, wish和hope后均可接从句或不定式作宾语; wish和desire后接that从句一般用虚拟语气; desire和wish后可接复合宾语; hope用作不及物动词时常接of, for引起的短语。
• 3.desire在语气上比wish更强烈,更庄重,且很少用于口语。

desire, covet, crave

• 这三个词都可表示“渴望得到某物”。其区别是：
• desire较为正式和严肃,强调主观愿望的热切,有尽力争取的意味; crave侧重精神或身体上的欲望和需要所具有的力量,例如:
• I can't seem to stop craving for cigarettes.我似乎忍不住要吸烟。
• covet常指一种强烈、急切、嫉妒他人的欲望,侧重企图占有别人的东西,例如:
• He won the coveted huge award.他赢得了人人都垂涎的大奖。

下面三个句子意思相同:

• He desires her for his wife.
• He desires her to be his wife.
• He desires that she (may〔should〕) be his wife.
• 他希望她成为他的妻子。

desire，wish，hope，expect，want，long

• 这些动词都有“希望”之意。
• desire语气较正式庄重，着重渴望的力量与热切，常含有强烈的意图和目的。
• wish语气较弱，多指难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。
• hope指对愿望实现有一定信心的希望。
• expect通常指有很大程度的把握，但仍含有预料之意，或预计某事或某行动的发生。
• want一般指所想要的东西是切望得到的东西，能弥补实际需要。
• long语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。

常见错误

n. (名词)

1. 她有一个强烈的愿望,即到乡下去看一看。

   误 She has a strong desire going to the country for a visit.

   误 She has a strong desire for going to the country for a visit.

   正 She has a strong desire to go to the country for a visit.

   正 She has a strong desire of going to the country for a visit.

   析 名词desire如需用非谓语动词作定语,须用动词不定式或“of+ v -ing”,不可用“ v -ing”或“for+ v -ing”。

v. (动词)

1. 国王要求他回来。

   误 The king desired him that he should return.

   正 The king desired of him that he should return.

   析 desire不用于desire sb sth 结构; 间接宾语须用介词of引导。

2. 许多青年要求参军。

   误 Many young men desired joining the army.

   正 Many young men desired to join the army.

3. 她确实期望明年夏天去巴黎。

   误 She really desires going to Paris next summer.

   正 She really desires to go to Paris next summer.

   析 desire如需与非谓语动词搭配,须用动词不定式,不可用动名词。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪初期进入英语，直接源自古法语的desirer，意为神秘的事物；最初源自古典拉丁语的desiderare，意为渴求，愿望。

近反义词

【近义词】

• longing
• need
• want
• wish
• hope
• want
• wish

【反义词】

• abhor
• detest
• loathe