contract

英 ['kɒntrækt] 美 ['kɑːntrækt]

• n. 合同；婚约；合约；契约
• v. 缩小；订合同；缩短；感染（疾病）；招致

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. & vt. 缔结; 订契约

   make, settle or establish by contract

2. vt. 染上恶习; 染上疾病

   get bad habits; catch an illness

3. vi. 缩小; 紧缩

   make smaller; shrink

n. (名词)

1. [C]契约,合同

   compact; pact

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 合同，合约，契约，协议，盟约
2. 婚约
3. 契约书，合约书
4. 【律】契约法
5. 【牌】定约
6. 合约桥牌
7. 月（季）票
8. 含有契约条款的文件
9. 缩约词，缩约形式
10. 被收买去干杀人勾当
11. 贿赂

v. 动词

1. 缔结，订（约）
2. 使订婚约；订立（婚约）
3. 使缩小，使收缩
4. 收缩，缩小，紧缩
5. 得（病） ，沾染（习惯），感染（疾病）
6. 承包，承办
7. 负（债）
8. 与…订立合同
9. 退出…合约
10. 皱起
11. 与…结交，与…结识

adj. 形容词

1. 缩约的，缩拢的

英英释义

Noun:

1. a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

2. (contract bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make

3. a variety of bridge in which the bidder receives points toward game only for the number of tricks he bid

Verb:

1. enter into a contractual arrangement

2. engage by written agreement;

   "They signed two new pitchers for the next season"
   

3. squeeze or press together;

   "she compressed her lips"
   "the spasm contracted the muscle"
   

4. be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness;

   "He got AIDS"
   "She came down with pneumonia"
   "She took a chill"
   

5. become smaller or draw together;

   "The fabric shrank"
   "The balloon shrank"
   

6. make smaller;

   "The heat contracted the woollen garment"
   

7. compress or concentrate;

   "Congress condensed the three-year plan into a six-month plan"
   

8. make or become more narrow or restricted;

   "The selection was narrowed"
   "The road narrowed"
   

9. reduce in scope while retaining essential elements;

   "The manuscript must be shortened"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. They had set a term to the contract.
   他们已给合同定了期限。
2. Families sought favourable alliances, either by marriage or contract.
   各个家庭通过婚姻或者婚约来建立有力的亲缘关系。
3. Several companies will bid for the contract.
   数家公司要投标争取合约。
4. He managed to disengage himself from the contract.
   他成功地为自己解除了契约义务。

用作动词 (v.)

1. The heat contracted the woollen garment.
   高温让羊毛衣缩小了。
2. We'd like to contract in on this project,if possible.
   如有可能，我们愿意签订合同参加这一计划。
3. It's an urgent business, we have no time for unnecessary consideration—please contract your inspection period!
   这是个紧急时间,我们没时间做多余的考虑了——请缩短你的审查期！
4. She has contracted a severe fever.
   她感染上了严重的热病。
5. He has contracted the habit of talking to himself.
   他养成了自言自语的习惯。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. Earthworms can contract.
   蚯蚓能缩小。
2. Metal contracts as it becomes cool.
   金属冷却时体积缩小。
3. Bad habits are easy to contract.
   坏习惯是很容易养成的。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. They've contracted an agreement.
   他们缔结了一项协议。
2. The two business contracted a merger.
   这两家公司签约合并为一家。
3. She contracted debts of 1000 yuan .
   她负债一千元。
4. He contracted huge debts by rash spending.
   他由于乱花钱而背上沉重的债务。
5. His hoarseness and coughing showed that he had contracted a cold.
   他嗓音嘶哑又咳嗽,这表明他患了感冒。
6. My son's contracted a severe fever.
   我的儿子已患病,严重高烧。
7. When you bend your elbow, you contract the muscles of the arm.
   你屈肘时,手臂的肌肉收缩。
8. By moving into smaller quarters he hoped shortly to contract his expenses.
   他搬进了较小的住房,希望不久就会紧缩自己的开销。

S+～+to- v

1. They have contracted to build a railway across Africa.
   他们已立约承建一条穿越非洲的铁路。

用作名词 (n.)

1. Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter into a contract with the other party.
   你一旦达成正式协议,就应该和对方签订合同。
2. How long ago did you sign the contract?
   你多久以前签的合同?
3. We can ill afford to lose this contract.
   我们承受不起失去这份合同所带来的损失。

经典引文

• She wondered if having failed in one marriage she should hastily contract another.

  出自： I. Murdoch

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

contract for (v.+prep.)

承建; 承包,承办 offer one's price for making or supplying (sth)
contract for sth
The builders have contracted for three bridges this year.

今年这些建筑工人已经承包了三座新桥梁。

contract in (v.+adv.)

承诺参加 promise officially to take part in (an activity)
contract in
How many of the companies have contracted in so far?

到目前为止已有多少公司承诺加入呢?

contract out (v.+adv.)

拒绝参加 refuse to join (in an agreement, etc.)
contract out
I don't want to be associated with your scheme; I'm contracting out.

我不想参与你们的计划; 我要退出。 contract sth ⇔ out
The city council has already contracted out the work on the new road.

市政会已把这条新路的铺设工作包出去了。 contract out of sth
Workers are permitted to contract out of the latest old-age insurance plan.

允许工人们不参加最近的老年保险计划。

contract to (v.+prep.)

缩写成 abbreviate (sth) into (sth)
contract sth to sth
In conversational English “is not” often contracts to “isn't”.

英语口语中 is not 常缩写为 isn't 。
“I am” is often contracted to “I'm”. I am

常缩写成 I'm 。

contract with (v.+prep.)

与(某人或某公司)签订合同 make an agreement in law with (sb or a firm)
contract sth with sb
The woman claims that she contracted a form of marriage with the prisoner, who already has a wife.

这位妇女声称她与这个囚犯曾订立婚约,但他已经有了妻子。
She had contracted an alliance with a wealthy man of rank.

她和一位有身份的富人联姻。 contract with sth
The city council has contracted with White Company for the new building.

市议会已与怀特公司就建造新楼一事签了合同。
They contracted with that factory for ten lathes.

他们和那家工厂立约购买10台车床。
Our shop contracted with a clothing firm to buy 100 coats a week.

我们商店和一家服装公司签订合同,每周从那里买一百件外套。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• contract one's body 缩作一团
• contract the book 约稿
• contract one's brows 皱眉头
• contract a project 承包工程

～+副词

• contract advantageously 有利地承包
• contract legally 合法承包
• contract physically 自然地订立合约
• contract solemnly 严肃地缔结
• contract out 立即把工作等包出,退出合同、协议等

～+介词

• contract for 订契约,承包,承建
• contract for a house 承包盖房屋
• contract out of 订约使自己不受…的约束,退出合同
• contract out of an agreement 订明不受契约限制
• contract to sb 许配给某人
• contract with 与…立约
• contract with a factory for machines 向某厂订购机器

用作名词 (n.)

动词+～

• break a contract 撕毁契约
• complete a contract 合同执行完毕
• dissolve a contract 解除合同
• write a contract 起草合同

形容词+～

• certain contract 确定的契约
• simple contract 口头契约
• void contract 无效契约

名词+～

• agency contract 代理合同
• marriage contract 婚约
• insurance contract 保险契约

～+名词

• contract party 签合同的一方

介词+～

• by contract 根据合同
• law of contract 合同法
• parties to a contract 契约的双方
• under contract 根据合同

～+介词

• contract for… 的契约
• contract of sales 买卖合同
• contract with 与…的契约

词语用法

1. contract指“合同”时，不能与动词pay搭配，因合同不能支付人任何东西，只是承诺支付，可用assign与其搭配。

v. (动词)

1. contract作“订契约”解时,指双方为共同利益所吸引。用作及物动词时可接名词或动词不定式作宾语; 用作不及物动词接for可表示“承包”“录入”; 接in可表示“承诺加入”; 接with可表示“与…订合约”。
2. contract作“缩小”解时,指由于内部的力量,使物体的范围和结构收缩集中,多用作不及物动词,引申可表示缩写,这时常接介词to。也可用作及物动词接名词或代词作宾语。
3. contract用作不及物动词时,可表示“订合同,订约”,后面常接介词with; 与介词for连用表示原因或目的。
4. contract作“感染疾病”或“染上恶习”解时是及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

contract, abbreviate, abridge, condense, shorten

• 这组词用于字词、段落、章节等时,都含有“删减”或“精简”的意思。它们的区别在于:
• 1.abridge, condense和shorten都可指压缩文章、著作的篇幅而内容不变, abridge比shorten更文雅; abbreviate主要用于删除音节、字母或单词而保留词头; contract通常指省略单词的中间部分,不包括只保留词头的词。
• 2.表示“缩略成…”时, abbreviate, condense, contract和shorten常与介词to搭配; condense也常与介词into搭配。

contract, compress, condense, shrink

• 这组词都可表示“压缩”。condense指用一定的方法使物体聚缩得更紧密、结实或更浓厚、稠密,或减去不必要的部分使其体积变小,但不失去基本内容; compress指通过压〔挤,弄平〕等方式使物体变小或具有一定形状; contract指一物体由于某种原因或使用某种方法而使其体积由大变小或由长变短; shrink指长度、范围、容积等的收缩或变小。

contract, covenant, engage, pledge, promise

• 这组词都有“允诺”的意思。其区别是：
• promise指作出口头或书面的许诺,但仅指主观意愿,并不暗示一定能实现或有实现的基础; engage指在正式或重大场合用誓言、条约等许下有约束力的诺言或作出可以信赖的保证,尤指订婚; pledge指用行动或言语作出庄严的许诺或正式保证; covenant指订立双方或多方共同遵守的协议; contract指订立慎重并且通常有法律效力的合同或协议。例如:
• Our son is engaged to a nice young girl.我们的儿子已跟一位漂亮的女孩订了婚。
• I covenant to pay 5000 pounds a year to help rebuild the college.我立约保证每年将付5000英镑帮助重建学院。
• They have pledged that any detail given to them will remain confidential.他们已保证,给他们提供的任何细节将予以保密。
• Many councils are contracting out services such as rubbish collection to private companies as a way of cutting costs.许多市政会把垃圾收集这样的服务项目包给私人公司以减少费用。

n. (名词)

contract, agreement, pact, treaty

• 这组词都可指“协定”。pact用来指国家、团体或个人之间的“协定”
• treaty指在外交谈判后按国际公法签署的正式条约,在重要性和约束力上都比pact强; agreement泛指人与人之间、团体或国家之间达成的任何“合同,协定”,包括正式的或非正式的、书面的或口头上的; contract通常用于双方或多方订立的“契约”,为正式的,有法定效力。

agreement，contract，treaty，convention，bargain，understanding，accord

• 这些名词均含“协定，协议，契约，合同”之意。
• agreement普通用词，含义最确定，泛指个人、团体或国家之间取得一致而达成的任何协议、协定或合同、契约等，可以是口头的，也可以是书面的。
• contract侧重指双方或多方订立的具有法律效力的正式的书面合同或契约。
• treaty指国家之间经外交谈判后依照国际法签订的正式条约。
• convention比treaty更专门化，但不及treaty正式。也可指国家之间就有关事情签订的条约。
• bargain通常指商业交往中的购销合同。
• understanding指不具约束力的非正式的协议。
• accord多指国际间的非正式协议。

condense，compress，contract，shrink

• 这些动词均含“收缩，压缩”之意。
• condense指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。
• compress指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。
• contract主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。
• shrink侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪初期进入英语，直接源自拉丁语的contractus：com (一起） + trahere (画）。

近反义词

【近义词】

• agreement

【反义词】

• expand 使 ... 膨胀
• repudiate 拒绝
• annul 废除