civil

英 ['sɪvl] 美 ['sɪvl]

• adj. 公民的；文明的；国内的；民用的；民事的；【建】土木的

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. [A]公民的,平民的; 文职的; 尘俗的,凡俗的; 国内〔家〕的,民间的

   of, belonging to, or consisting of the ordinary population of citizens; not military or religious

2. [A]民事的,民法的

   belonging to, or judged under, civil law

3. 文明的,有教养的; 客气的,有礼貌的

   polite enough to be acceptable

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 公民的，市民的，国民的，国民间的
2. 文明的，开化的
3. 客气的，有礼貌的
4. 国内的，国家的，政府的
5. 民用的，民间的，一般平民的，世俗的
6. 文职的
7. 【律】民事的，法定的

英英释义

Adjective:

1. applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military;

   "civil authorities"
   

2. not rude; marked by satisfactory (or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others;

   "even if he didn't like them he should have been civil"
   

3. of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state;

   "civil affairs"
   "civil strife"
   "civil disobedience"
   "civil branches of government"
   

4. of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals;

   "civil rights"
   "civil liberty"
   "civic duties"
   "civic pride"
   

5. (of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life;

   "the civil calendar"
   "a civil day begins at mean midnight"
   

6. of or in a condition of social order;

   "civil peoples"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. The law shall strictly protect civil rights.
   法律应严格保护公民的权利。
2. The presence of the army should act as a check on civil unrest.
   军队的存在应能制止民间的动乱。
3. The boy was so cold and even didn't return a civil greeting.
   那个男孩是那么的冷淡,他甚至都没有回敬一个礼貌的问候。
4. The America Civil War broke out during the presidency of Lincoln.
   在林肯就职其间,美国爆发了内战。
5. I am working on a master's degree in civil architecture.
   我在攻读民用建筑专业的硕士学位。
6. It was a civil case so there was no question of him being sent to prison.
   这是一桩民事案件，因此他没有被送进监狱的可能。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. Voting is the exercise of a civil right.
   投票是行使一项公民权利。
2. We were married in a civil ceremony, not in church.
   我们结婚采用了非宗教仪式,没有去教堂举行婚礼。
3. It was a civil case.
   这是一起民事案件。
4. A civil war is one between people of the same country.
   内战是同一国家内的战争。
5. Man is a civil creature.
   人是文明的动物。
6. He said a civil good morning.
   他彬彬有礼地说了声早安。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. He was not at all civil.
   他一点礼貌也没有。
2. The rude sea grew civil at her song.
   波涛汹涌的大海在她的歌声下也变得温顺了。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. The courteous boy was civil to everybody.
   这个谦恭的男孩对每一个人都很有礼貌。

It is/was+～+of sb+to- v

1. It was civil of them to do so.
   他们这样做是通情达理的。

经典引文

• To exercise civil dominion of their own.

  出自： R. Hooker

• The instruction of heathen children in..civil knowledge.

  出自： Horace Walpole

• Compelled by civil troubles to go into banishment.

  出自： Ld Macaulay

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• civil action 民事诉讼
• civil affairs 民政事务
• civil answer 有礼貌的回答
• civil duties 公民义务
• civil life 公民生活
• civil servants 文职人员,公务员
• civil service 文官(总称)
• civil society 文明社会
• civil war 内战

～+动词不定式

• civil to offer the help 有礼貌的提供帮助

～+介词

• civil to strangers 对陌生人有礼貌

词语用法

adj. (形容词)

1. civil的基本含意是“公民的,平民的”,也可作“非军职的,非宗教的; 国民间的,民用的; 民事的,民法的”解,常用作定语,无比较级和最高级形式。
2. civil还可作“文明的,有教养的”解,常与介词of或to连用,可用于比较等级。

词义辨析

adj. (形容词)

civil, courteous, polite

• 这组词的共同意思是“有礼貌的”。其区别在于：
• 1.polite指教养良好而举止谈吐彬彬有礼。
• 2.civil指仅仅满足社会交往的一般要求,有时仅指不粗野。例如:
• Be civil in your speech.讲话要客气。
• He was very civil to us when we went to see him.我们去见他的时候,他待我们非常客气。
• 3.courteous则指考虑更为周到,举止更为高雅。例如:
• She was pleased at the courteous way in which he addressed her.他跟她讲话时的那种谦恭的样子令她十分愉快。
• It was courteous of him to give his seat to my mother.他把座位让给我母亲真有礼貌。

polite，civil，courteous

• 这些形容词均含“礼貌的、客气的”之意。
• polite普通常用词，指言论举止无论何时均严谨有礼，很有教养。
• civil语气弱于polite，着重只达到社交的一般要求，避免粗鲁。
• courteous指言谈举止典雅，谦恭有礼，更侧重考虑他人的感情与尊严。

词源解说

• ☆ 14世纪晚期期进入英语，直接源自古典拉丁语的civilis，意为和公民有关的，有利于民众的。

近反义词

【近义词】

• public
• respectful

【反义词】

• impolite
• rude
• uncivil