by

英 [baɪ] 美 [baɪ]

• prep. 靠近；通过；被；经由；不迟于
• adv. 经过；在旁边；靠近

双解释义

prep. (介词)

1. (表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边

   near

2. (表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候

   not later than

3. (表示移动方向)从…中经过

   passing through or along

4. (表示方式)搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着

   through the use or means of

5. (表示原因)随…而来

   as the result of

6. (表示方位)偏于

   inclined to one side

7. (表示环境)借着…光亮

   depend upon the light of

8. (表示关涉)经过

   passing through

9. (表示程度)以…之差

   with disparity of

10. (表示关系)对待

    treat

11. (表示依据)根据

    in accordance with

12. (表示比率)以…幅度; 以…为单位; …比

    …to the amount or degree of

13. (表示累加)(一个)接着

    one by one

14. (表示动作者)被〔由〕; 由…创作〔演奏〕

    show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc.

adv. (副词)

1. 在近旁

   near

2. 经过,走过

   past

3. 保留

   in reserve

英英释义

Adverb:

1. so as to pass a given point;

   "every hour a train goes past"
   

2. in reserve; not for immediate use;

   "started setting aside money to buy a car"
   "put something by for her old age"
   "has a nest egg tucked away for a rainy day"
   

例句

用作介词 (prep.)

1. The house by the lake is a restaurant.
   湖边的那座房子是家饭店。
2. He entered by the back door.
   他从后门进入。
3. The project was viewed favorably by the committee.
   那计划受到该委员会的好评。
4. He let himself down slowly by means of a rope.
   他用一条绳子滑下来。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. He hurried by and disappeared in the wood.
   他匆匆走过去，消失在森林里。
2. I always keep a bottle of wine by in case friends call round.
   我平时总存着一瓶酒以备朋友来时喝。
3. He lives near by.
   他住在附近。

常见句型

用作介词 (prep.)

1. On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
   在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
2. He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.
   他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。
3. Be here by four o'clock.
   四点钟之前到这儿。
4. She should be back by now.
   她现在应该回来了。
5. If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.
   如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。
6. They came in by the back door.
   他们是由后门进来的。
7. Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
   你骑车还是坐车去?
8. You can order tickets by telephone.
   你可以用电话订票。
9. The money will be paid by cheque.
   此款将由支票支付。
10. He seized her by the arm.
    他抓住她的手臂。
11. Man does not live by bread alone.
    人不能单靠面包生存。
12. They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
    他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
13. They decided to raise the money by subscription.
    他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
14. By temperament he was an artist.
    从气质上看,他是一位画家。
15. They always addressed each other by their Christian name.
    他们总是以教名互相称呼。
16. By God he's done it!
    老天为证,他确实做了此事。
17. I did it all by myself!
    我完全是靠自己做此事的。
18. The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.
    由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。
19. The steamer will go west by north.
    这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
20. They were playing cards by electric light.
    他们正借着灯光打牌。
21. I go by the house every day.
    我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
22. We lost the match by one goal.
    我们以一分之差输了比赛。
23. He deals ill by his wife.
    他待妻子不好。
24. It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.
    以貌取人是不公正的。
25. Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.
    其补助将削减40％以上。
26. Most workmen are paid by the week.
    大多数工人按周付给薪水。
27. The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.
    这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。
28. Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.
    他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。
29. He was brought up by an aunt.
    他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
30. Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.
    它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。
31. We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.
    我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。
32. Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?
    哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?

用作副词 (adv.)

1. She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.
   她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
2. Come by for a drink after work.
   下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
3. She stole the book when no one was by.
   她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。

经典引文

• He taried..at Joppa by one Simon.

  出自：Bible (Coverdale): Acts

• Down by the Docks they 'board seamen' at the eating houses.

  出自： Dickens

• A cat sits on the pavement by the house.

  出自： R. Jarrell

常用短语

用作介词 (prep.)

by accident

偶然地 without any intention or planning

by all means

一定,务必must

by analogy

用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases

by analogy with

根据…类推deducing (sth) according to sth

by any chance

或许; 可能 perhaps; possibly

by chance

偶然地,意外地 by accident; accidentally; unintentionally

by common consent

公认 generally acknowledge

by comparison

比较起来when compared

by contrast

参见contrast条。

by courtesy of

蒙…的好意,蒙…提供 by the permission or generosity of sb

by degrees

一点一点地,逐渐地 gradually

by far

…得多,更,尤其 by a great amount

by hand

用手;亲自 using one's hand; in person

by heart

凭记性 by memory

by itself

独自地; 无需外力地alone; without help

by leaps and bounds

非常迅速,突飞猛进very quickly and successfully

by means of

参见mean条。

by mistake

错误地 as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error

by no means

参见mean条。

by reason of

由于because of

by rights

要是公正的话,公正地 if justice were done; in justice

by the book

按规则，依照惯例according to the rules

by the by

顺便提一句by the way

by the same token

由于同样原因，同样地in the same way

by the way

顺便地,附带说说 used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation

by trial and error

反复试验，不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure

by turns

轮流地; 交替地 one after the other; in rotation

by virtue of

凭借，依靠，因为，由于by means of or because of sth

by way of

意在,为了 with the intention of or for the purpose ofBy way of introduction to my subject,I'd like to tell you how I first came to be interested in it.为了引入我的话题,我想告诉你我起初是怎样对这个问题感兴趣的。

用作副词 (adv.)

by and by

不久,马上 before long; soon

by and large

总的来说 on the whole;in general

词汇搭配

用作介词 (prep.)

动词+～

• abide by 遵守，履行
• adopt by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
• brush by 触到，擦及
• carry by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
• catch sb by surprise 使某人吃惊，使惊异，使感到意外
• characterize by 以…为特征
• clap sb by the heels 给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
• come by （尤指通过努力）得到，获得；偶然得到
• deal by 对待
• die by one's own hand 自杀
• divide by 除
• do by 待，对待
• do by halves 做…半途而废
• do right by sb 公平地对待某人，给某人应有的评价
• drop by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出
• escape by the skin of one's teeth 死里逃生
• fall by the wayside 半途而废，中途退出
• fall together by the ears 扭打起来；争吵起来
• get by 通过障碍
• get sb by the short hairs 控制住某人，使某人就范
• get the wrong sow by the ear 弄错了人（或事），得出错误结论
• go by 从…经过
• go by default 没有，缺乏；因疏忽（或未该做的事）而致丧失
• go by the board 从外侧落出；被遗忘，被忽视；落空
• go by the book 遵照规章行事
• go by the name of 用…的名字
• go by the wayside 被撇在一边，被搁置，被抛弃
• grab time by the forelock 抓住时机
• hang by a hair 千钧一发；岌岌可危；摇摇欲坠
• hang by a thread 千钧一发，岌岌可危
• hang by the wall 被搁置不用，被打入冷宫
• hang (on) by the eyelids 千钧一发
• have a bear by the tail 遇到难以应付（或控制）的事情
• have a tiger by the tail 遇到劲敌；处境比预料的困难
• have a wolf by the ears 处于危急境地
• have sb by the short hairs 控制住某人，使某人就范
• hold by 坚持；遵守；接受；赞成
• intoxicate sb by 醉；陶醉于
• judge by 按…判断，断定，认为
• know by sight 与…只是面熟（并不熟识）
• lead sb by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走；完全控制某人
• lie by 躺在…旁边
• live by one's wits 靠耍花招（或耍小聪明）骗人过日子
• lay by 放在…旁边
• lay sb by the heels 把某人逮捕下狱；推翻某人；挫败某人
• live by 以…为生计；遵守，遵循
• lose by 因…遭受损失，因…而吃亏
• mean well by sb 对某人怀有好意
• measure another's corn by one's own bushel 以己度人
• measure another's (man's) foot by one's own last 以己度人
• miss by a mile 远远没有击中，完全离谱；遭到惨败，完全不成功
• oblige sb by 为某人效劳，帮忙
• pass by 经过，从…旁走过
• play it by ear 根据情形行动，即时应付
• profit by 得益
• pull up by the roots 连根拔起
• push by 赶上；超越
• repay...by 以…酬报，回报
• replace...by 以…替代〔置换〕
• seize time by the forelock 抓住时机
• set by 尊重，重视
• set by the ears 使争吵
• set sb by the heels 给某人上镣铐；把某人逮捕入狱
• sit by 坐在…旁边
• sit by nelly 跟别人学着做
• sth to remember sb by 供别人记住某人的东西，别人赖以记住某人的东西；让某人记住某人厉害的一顿揍
• speak by the card 说话精确
• stand by 支持或帮助；信守（诺言等）
• stand by one's side 站在某人的旁边，道义上支持某人
• stick by 忠于，对…真心；坚持，维护（原则等）
• swear by 极其信赖；凭…发誓，以…名义发誓
• take an occasion by the forelock 抓住时机
• take an opportunity by the forelock 抓住时机
• take by 抓住（某物或某人的部位）
• take...by storm 攻占，袭击；使倾倒，使神魂颠倒
• take by surprise 使吃惊，使感到意外；奇袭，使措手不及
• take sb by the short hairs 控制住某人，使某人就范
• take the bull by the horns 大胆地对付困难（或危险）
• take time by the forelock 抓住时机
• tell by 根据…判断〔推断〕
• vote by acclamation 通过口头表决方式通过
• what do you mean by...? 你说（或做…）是什么意思？你怎么胆敢…？你凭什么竟敢…
• ？
• win by a short head （赛马时）仅以一个马头的距离获胜，以极小的差别获胜，险胜

动词+名词+～

• do the handsome〔decent〕 thing by 宽厚地〔亲切地，慷慨地〕对待
• set one's eyes〔an eye〕 by 喜爱，看重

～+名词

• as if by magic 立即，飞快地，快得（或好得）令人难以置信的
• by a canvas 以毫厘之差
• by a hair's breadth （以）极少的数量或极短的距离；险些，间不容发地
• by a long way 远远地，大大地
• by a neck （赛马中）以一颈之差（获胜或失利）
• by a nose 以少许之差
• by a short head （赛马）以不到一个马头的距离；以极少的量
• by a street 以悬殊（或差距），大幅度地
• by accident 偶然，意外地
• by accident of 凭机遇；靠命运
• by agency of 由于…；通过…
• by air 坐飞机
• by （all 或long）odds大大（胜过），远远（超过）
• by all accounts 据说；根据报道
• by all appearances 显然；外表上
• by all manner of means 用一切手段；好的；当然
• by all means 用一切手段；好的；当然
• by an eyelash 差点儿不，几乎不
• by analogy 用类推的方法
• by any chance 或许；可能
• by any means 用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
• by any manner of means 用任何可能的办法，不惜任何代价，无论如何
• by any possibility 以任何可能的方法
• by any stretch of the imagination 尽管怎样想象，任凭如何异想天开
• by avocation 副业是
• by auction 拍卖
• by appointment 约定
• by birth 出身
• by blood 按血统
• by chance 偶然
• by choice 如果必须选择的话；凭爱好
• by coincidence 巧合
• by common consent 经一致同意
• by comparison (with) 与…比较起来；通过比较
• by contract 承包
• by contraries 与预期的相反；与逻辑相违背；相反地
• by contrast 相比之下
• by course of 按…的惯例
• by courtesy of 承蒙许可；承蒙好意
• by crack 哎呀，我的天哪
• by day 白天
• by default 因对方、他队等未出场
• by definition 根据定义；实质上
• by degrees 逐渐地
• by dint of 借…的力量，凭借；由于
• by ear 凭听觉
• by easy stages 途中有停歇地，行行歇歇地，从容不迫地
• by fair means or foul 用正当或不正当的手段，不择手段地
• by fits (and starts) 一阵一阵地；间歇地
• by force 用武力
• by force of 凭借，由于；以…手段
• by good luck 侥幸
• by goods 用货车装运
• by guess 凭猜测
• by guess and by God 凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by Godfrey 凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by gosh 凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by guess and by golly 凭猜测；凭直觉和约略估计
• by half 到极大程度，大大地
• by halves 部分地，不完善地；半心半意地，不太热心地
• by hand 人工的；捎来的
• by heart 熟记
• by heaven 哎呀，天哪
• by hook or by crook 用种种方法；不择手段地
• by ill luck 不巧
• by implication 含蓄地；暗示地
• by inches 差一点儿
• by instinct 凭本能
• by leaps and bounds 极其迅速地
• by lease 以租借方式
• by long chalk(s) 远远地，大大地，在很大程度上
• by main strength 以全力，靠全身力气
• by marriage 通过姻亲关系
• by means of 用…
• by mistake 弄错
• by my faith 我担保，千真万确
• by my troth 我保证
• by name 名为；名叫
• by nature 天生
• by necessity of circumstances 由于客观情况需要，为情势所迫
• by night 在夜里，趁黑夜
• by no manner of means 一点也不；决不
• by no means 一点也不；决不
• not by a long chalk 完全没有，一点也不
• not by a long shot 远不，根本不
• not by a long sight 远非；一点也不
• by number 按数字，根据号码
• by numbers 按数量上的优势
• by occasion of 因为，由于
• by one's own admission 自己所承认
• by one's own fair hand 亲手，亲自
• by one's (own) bootstrap 依靠自己的力量，自力更生地
• by one's (own) lights 按照自己的能力
• by order of 奉某人之命；按某人的命令
• by origin 按出身
• by post 邮寄
• by profession 职业是
• by rail 由铁路，用火车
• by reason of 由于，因为
• by reason that 因为，由于
• by reputation 由名声
• by repute 由名声
• by request (of) 就（…的）要求（或请求）
• by retail 零售
• by return 由最近一班回程邮递
• by return of post 由最近一班回程邮递
• by return of mail 由最近一班回程邮递
• by right of 因为，由于
• by rights 按理说；基于正当或合法的权利
• by road 由公路
• by rote 凭记忆
• by rule 按规则
• by rule and line 精确地，精密地
• by sea 由海路
• by sight 仅识其面
• by some means or other 用某种方法
• by the book 严格按规则
• by the by 顺便提一句
• by the bye 顺便提一句
• by the day 按日
• by the dozen 按打；成打的（地）
• by the ears 不和，在争吵中
• by (the) favour of 烦请…面交
• by the grace of 承蒙天恩
• by the gross 大宗地，大量地；以批发方式
• by the hands of 经由的…的手
• by the head 船头吃水比船尾深的；微醉
• by the holy poke 一定
• by the light of nature 天生的；自然而然地
• by the job 按每件工作
• by the look(s) of 照…看来
• by the name of 称作；叫做
• by the numbers 按口令
• by the piece 按件（或个等）计算
• by the same token 同样地；同理
• by the sea 在海边，在海滨
• by the seat of one's pants 凭感觉，凭本能，凭经验
• by the side of 在…旁边，在…附近
• by the skin of one's teeth 仅；刚刚
• by the square 精确地，确切地
• by the stern 艉部吃水较深地，后倾地
• by the sweat of one's brow 靠自己辛勤劳动
• by the sweat of one's face 靠自己辛勤劳动
• by the way 在路上,顺便问一下
• by the yard 冗长地，没完没了地
• by thumb 以免费搭车方式
• by trade 职业是
• by trial and error 反复试验，不断摸索
• by turns 轮流
• by virtue of 凭借
• by vocation 职业是
• by water 乘船，由水路
• by way of 经由
• by weight 按重量，根据重量
• by wholesale 批发
• by wire 用电报
• by word of mouth 口头上
• by your leave 请允许我；对不起
• not by any means 决不
• not by any manner of means 决不
• too...by half 太…，过于…

名词+～+名词

• bit by bit 一点一点地
• day by day 一天一天地；逐日
• drop by drop 点点滴滴地，一点一滴地
• inch by inch 慢慢的；逐步地；一点一点地
• side by side 肩并肩地，一起；等同于
• stage by stage 逐步地，循序渐进地
• step by step 逐步
• stone by stone 一点一滴地
• year by year 年复一年

副词+～

• hard by 在…近旁

～+副词

• by far… 得多；最…；显然
• by much 大大地，到极大程度
• by now 到现在

副词+～+副词

• little by little 一点一滴地

～+代词

• by itself 自动地；孤单地
• by myself 我独自地；我独立地
• by oneself 单独；独自
• by ourselves 我们独自地；我们独立地
• by yourself 你单独地，独自地；你独立地，全靠你自己

～+数词

• by ones and twos 一次一两个，三三两两地
• by the hundred 成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
• by (the) hundreds 成百地，数以百计地，大批大批地
• by the thousand 成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
• by (the) thousands 成千地，数以千计地，大批大批地
• by twos and threes 三三两两地

数词+～+数词

• one by one 一个一个地
• two by two 两个两个地

用作副词 (adv.)

动词+～

• call by 顺便访问
• come by 进来
• drop by 顺便访问
• get by 通过；还可以，勉强可接受；设法勉强生存
• go by 经过
• put...by 存（钱等）以备未来之需
• roll by （时间）流逝
• scrape by 勉强及格，勉强度过去
• stand by 袖手旁观；准备行动；在场，在附近
• stop by （顺便）过访，串门
• tick by (时间)流逝；（钟表）滴滴答答响

词语用法

prep. (介词)

1. by在表示时间时,常与动词的一般时、将来时、完成时或将来完成时连用。作“在…时候”解时,常用于by day〔night〕短语中。
2. by表示方式(除作“抓住…”解时)或原因后接名词时,名词前通常不加冠词。
3. by表示方式作“凭着”解时,其后常接反身代词; 作“乘”解时,后接交通工具,其前不加冠词。
4. by表示比率作“以…为单位”解时,常与表示单位的名词或数词连用,名词前常用定冠词; 作“…比…”解时,用于两个数字之间表示面积。
5. by表示累加时,前后一般用同一个名词、数词或副词,名词前不用定冠词,且不用于复数形式。
6. by表示动作者的时候,常用于被动结构。
7. by用于被动结构时，既可以引出施动者，也可用来表示做某事的手段。

词义辨析

prep. (介词)

by, according to, from, in, on, under

• 这组词的共同意思是“根据”“按照”。其区别是：
• according to是这组词中最常用的一个,可指依据某人的话语、说法、指示,也可指按照某计划、法规等,可以是正式的,也可以是非正式的; by的本意是“凭借某种手段、方式”,由此引申出“依据,按照”,其宾语常为某种规则、法规、标准、习俗等; from的本意是“来源”,由此引申出“根据事物的来源判断”; in指“依据”时,仅见于与eye, opinion, view等表示观点的名词或order, sequence等表示顺序的名词连用,还见于in law, in practice, in theory等短语中; on是根据事物发生和存在所依靠的基础这一用法,由此引申为“根据,按照”,与之连用的词一般是表示忠告、规则、命令、指示、协议、建议、原理的名词; under通常指根据正式的协议、法令、条款、合同等,含有在其控制或约束之下的意味。

by, after, at, for,from, over, through, with

• 这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:
• 1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。
• 2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。

by, at

• 这两个词都可表示“按照”“根据”“依照”“依从”。其区别在于:
• 1.at多接抽象名词; 而by多接具体名词。
• 2.这两个词都有“按…计算”的意思,不过by用于英式英语; at用于美式英语。

by, before

• 这两个词都可表示“在…之前”。before所表示的时间不包括其宾语所指时间在内,与之连用的动词可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词; by所表示的时间包括宾语所指的时间在内,因而常译成“不迟于…”。

by, beside, near, on

• 这组词的共同意思是“靠近,在…旁边”。beside是一般用语,其宾语可以是表示任何人或事物的名词; by强调“紧贴”,其宾语可以是一般的人或事物,但更常见的是side或含有side的名词; near所指的距离要比by远得多,其宾语可是任何表示人或事物的名词; on一般表示与江〔河,湖,海〕岸或铁路线呈线状的地点相接触,含有“邻接,濒临”的意思。

by, about, on,with

• 参见about条。

by, in

• 这两个词都有“不迟于”的意思,但in表明的是一段时间; 而by只是用在日历上确定的时间,或者日历上的一点。

by oneself, alone

• 这两者均可译为“独自地”“单独地”,其差别主要在于：
• 1.从造成“独自地”原因上说, alone可以是主动的,也可以是被动的; 而by oneself则是主动的,是主观上愿意把自己与他人隔绝开来而造成的。例如：
• 他总是单独一个人吃午饭。
• He always has his lunch alone.
• (只说明客观事实)
• He always has his lunch by himself.
• (含有愿意如此的意味)
• 2.从“独自地”性质上说, alone可以是正常的,也可以是不正常的; 而by oneself则多是反常的,或者是出乎意料的。例如：
• 他自己单独生活。
• He lives alone.
• (只说明客观事实)
• He lives by himself.
• (含有该成家却单身的反常意味)

by, till

• 这两者均可与表示时间的词连用。by指动作在宾语所指的时间前发生,与非持续性动词连用; 而till则指动作或状态持续到宾语所指的时间为止,常与非持续性动词的否定形式或持续性动词连用。

常见错误

prep. (介词)

1. 我是坐船到美国来的。

   误 I came to America by a ship.

   正 I came to America by ship.

   析 by表示“乘”“坐”，后跟宾语，往往不加冠词。

2. 他要坐6:30的火车走。

   误 He is leaving by 6:30 train.

   正 He is leaving by the 6:30 train.

   析 表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰，须加定冠词。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的be or bi，意为靠近，在，经由，大约。

近反义词

【近义词】

• after
• at
• beside
• for
• near
• on
• through
• with