burst

英 [bɜːst] 美 [bɜːrst]

• n. 爆发；破裂；阵
• v. 爆裂；迸发；冲；闯

双解释义

v. (动词)

1. vi. & vt. (使)爆裂,炸破

   break open or in pieces suddenly

2. vi. 挤满,充满

   be full of

3. vi. 突然打开

   come into the stated condition suddenly and often violently

4. vi. 突然发作

   happen suddenly

n. (名词)

1. [C]爆炸,破裂

   an act or result of bursting

2. [C]爆发,突发

   a sudden short period of great activity, loud noise, strong feeling

详尽释义

n. 名词

1. 爆炸，炸裂，突然破裂
2. 爆发；突发，猝发，迸发
3. <俚>闹饮
4. 喷出
5. 突然出现
6. 突进，疾走
7. 【军】连发射击，扫射
8. 一口气，一阵，一下子
9. 【无线电】脉冲，正弦波群

v. 动词

1. 突然打开，绽开，劈开，撞开
2. （使）爆炸，（使）爆裂
3. 几乎要胀破；塞满，充满
4. 突然出现
5. 冲，闯，冲出
6. （使）破裂，迸裂
7. 爆发出，喷出，炸出
8. 溃决
9. （使）爆发，突然发生
10. 破产
11. 突破，冲破，炸破
12. 使充满，使胀破

英英释义

Noun:

1. the act of exploding or bursting;

   "the explosion of the firecrackers awoke the children"
   "the burst of an atom bomb creates enormous radiation aloft"
   

2. rapid simultaneous discharge of firearms;

   "our fusillade from the left flank caught them by surprise"
   

3. a sudden flurry of activity (often for no obvious reason);

   "a burst of applause"
   "a fit of housecleaning"
   

4. a sudden intense happening;

   "an outburst of heavy rain"
   "a burst of lightning"
   

Verb:

1. come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure;

   "The bubble burst"
   

2. force out or release suddenly and often violently something pent up;

   "break into tears"
   "erupt in anger"
   

3. burst outward, usually with noise;

   "The champagne bottle exploded"
   

4. move suddenly, energetically, or violently;

   "He burst out of the house into the cool night"
   

5. be in a state of movement or action;

   "The room abounded with screaming children"
   "The garden bristled with toddlers"
   

6. emerge suddenly;

   "The sun burst into view"
   

7. cause to burst;

   "The ice broke the pipe"
   

8. break open or apart suddenly and forcefully;

   "The dam burst"
   

例句

用作名词 (n.)

1. There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
   隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。
2. The pipe burst and a spout of water shoot out.
   水管破裂了，一股水喷了出来。
3. Prices went up and up in recent years, before the housing bubble burst.
   最近几年价格持续上涨，直到房价泡沫的破裂。

用作动词 (v.)

1. I've eaten so much I'm bursting at the seams.
   我吃得太多了，肚子都要撑破了。
2. The boy blew the paper bag out and burst it.
   那男孩把纸袋吹胀后又把它弄破了。
3. I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
   我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。
4. She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen.
   她冲下楼闯进厨房。
5. And then in one climactic burst of sound they surged forward.
   突然间纵声大呼，疾冲而出。
6. The police burst through the door.
   警察破门而入。

常见句型

用作动词 (v.)

用作不及物动词

S+～(+A)

1. The shell burst overhead.
   炮弹在头顶上爆炸了。
2. I put too much air into the bicycle tyre and it burst.
   我给自行车打气太足,车胎爆裂了。
3. The boiler burst.
   锅炉爆炸了。
4. Once their water pipes froze and burst.
   有一次,他们的水管冻裂了。
5. Owing to the weight of the contents the sacks burst.
   由于装得太重,口袋裂开了。
6. I cannot eat any more; my stomach seems to burst.
   我不能再吃了,我的肚子快要胀破了。
7. Clouds gathered and a storm burst.
   乌云密布,陡降暴雨。

S+～+to- v

1. He was bursting to show what he could do.
   他急着表现一下他的本事。
2. She was bursting to tell us the news.
   她急着告诉我们这个消息。
3. Helen is bursting to write to her mother.
   海伦正忙着给她妈妈写信。
4. I am simply bursting to congratulate you.
   我是急着要向你祝贺。
5. He is bursting to send the boy to hospital.
   他急于把这孩子送到医院去。

用作及物动词

S+～+ n./pron.

1. He burst a blood-vessel.
   他的一条血管破了。
2. The water pressure burst the pipes.
   水的压力使水管爆裂了。
3. The champagne burst the bottle.
   香槟酒从瓶口冲出来了。
4. The water was unusually high this spring and the river burst its banks.
   今春河水上涨得特别厉害,把河堤给冲破了。
5. If you get much fatter you'll burst your clothes.
   你要是再长胖就要把衣服撑破了。
6. He burst the chains that held him.
   他把身上的镣铐挣断。

S+～+itself

1. The bubble bursts itself.
   泡沫突然破裂了。

用作宾补动词

S+～+ n./pron. + adj.

1. The postman burst the door open.
   邮递员猛然把门打开。
2. We had to burst the door open.
   我们不得不破门而入。

用作名词 (n.)

1. I heard several bomb bursts.
   我听到了几声炸弹的爆炸声。
2. The soldiers heard the burst of guns in the distance.
   士兵们听到了远处的枪声。
3. I've got to phone the plumber.I've got a burst.
   我得打电话给管工,我的水管破裂了。
4. A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the story.
   在故事的结尾爆发了一阵阵掌声。
5. The audience gave way to uncontrollable bursts of laughter.
   听众忍不住发出一阵阵笑声。
6. His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.
   他一登上台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。
7. In the burst of anger, he threw a cup to the ground.
   盛怒之下,他把茶杯摔在地上。
8. She finally finished the job in a sudden burst of energy.
   她最后猛加一把劲,干完了这件事。
9. The swimmer won the contest with a splendid burst of speed at the end.
   这位游泳运动员最终以漂亮的冲刺赢得了比赛。
10. With a final burst of speed she overtook the leading runner and won the race.
    她以最后一股劲猛冲,超越了领先的运动员,赢得了这场赛跑。
11. It gives a burst of sunlight.
    阳光破云而出。
12. With a great burst of speed the airplane took off.
    飞机猛一加速就起飞了。
13. The fortress began spurting savage bursts of machine-gun fire.
    那碉堡的机枪突然猛烈地扫射起来。

经典引文

• When beech-buds were near the burst.

  出自： G. Meredith

• Poyson..Made him to swell, that nigh his bowells brust.

  出自： Spenser

• A bomb burst in the water.

  出自： S. Sassoon

• A gigantic wave had just burst on the fo'c'sle.

  出自： Day Lewis

• Bubbles on a tarred roof, which grew, and burst, and grew again.

  出自： J. Bowen

• There was a loud ripping sound; the seam of his trousers had burst.

  出自： P. F. Boller

常用短语

用作动词 (v.)

burst forth( v.+adv. )

突然发生或开始 suddenly begin
burst forth
The sun burst forth again.

太阳又破云而出。
The banks of the river gave way and the waters burst forth.

河岸坍塌,河水冲了出来。
The leaves of the trees have burst forth.

树叶一下子都长出来了。
The enthusiasm of the people now burst forth.

人民群众的热情现在迸发了出来。
The cherry blossoms burst forth in all their beauty.

美丽的樱花突然开放了。
Mary burst forth into song.

玛丽突然唱起歌来。

burst in (v.+adv.)

突然发话 speak suddenly
burst in
Suddenly the door opened and the children burst in.

突然门打开了,孩子们拥了进来。
He had just poked up the fire and was staring blankly at the flames when someone burst in.

他刚拨旺炉火,正茫然凝视着火焰,这时有个人闯了进来。
When did you burst in?

你何时闯进来的? burst sth ⇔ in
The firemen could enter the burning house only by bursting the door in.

消防员不得已把门破开,才进入那栋着火的房子。
Without knocking, the child burst the door in.

这孩子没敲门,猛然推开门就进来了。
Because he lost his key, he had to burst in the door.

因为钥匙丢了,所以他不得不破门而入。 burst in
The old man burst in when they were going to leave.

他们刚要走,老头突然开口说话了。 引出直接引语
“But I was there!” Jane burst in.

“但我当时在那儿!”简突然开口说。
“He didn't come,” she burst in.

“他没有来。”她突然开口说。

burst in on( v.+adv.+prep. )

突然到来 come suddenly

burst into( v.+prep. )

突然开始(某事),突然进入(某种状态) start (sth) suddenly

burst on〔upon〕( v.+prep. )

突然被(某人)明白,理解 become suddenly known by (sb)

burst out( v.+adv. )

(从…)逃脱 escape from somewhere
burst out
Be quiet, don't burst out.

安静,别大喊大叫。
Don't burst out; it isn't my fault.

别大喊大叫的,那不是我的错。 引出直接引语
“I don't believe it!”burst out the angry old man.

那个老人怒气冲冲地说:“我不信!”“Are you sure?”he burst out.他突然喊道:“你拿得准吗”? burst out v-ing
Everyone suddenly burst out laughing.

突然,大家哄堂大笑。
Everyone was quiet when Jenny suddenly burst out crying.

大家都没出声,珍妮忽然哇地一声哭了起来。 burst out (of sth)
Five men burst out of prison yesterday.

昨天有五个人逃出了监狱。

burst through( v.+prep. )

穿过…而出现; 冲破 appear through (sth), possibly force
burst through sth
The enemy are already bursting through our weakened defences.

敌人开始突破我们已被削弱的防线。
The water burst through the break in the dam.

水从堤坝的裂缝中涌出来。
The sun burst through, and the clouds rolled away.

太阳穿过云层露出脸来。 burst sth through sth
They burst a tunnel through the mountain.

他们在大山之中开了一条隧道。
Why not burst the road through the hill?

为什么不在这座小山之中开一条路呢?
He burst his way through the underbush.

他在矮树丛中开路前进。
They burst a hole through the wall.

他们在墙上炸开一个窟窿。

burst with( v.+prep. )

充满(某种感情); 富于(某种素质) feel full of (a feeling)
burst with sb/sth
With its storehouses bursting with grain, the farm had to build more granaries.

农场的仓库都堆满了粮食,只好新盖一些谷仓。
The hall was bursting with children.

大厅里挤满了孩子。 burst with sth
Mary was bursting with joy over the good news.

玛丽听到这个好消息喜出望外。
They were bursting with happiness.

他们高兴得不得了。
The children are simply bursting with good health.

那些孩子长得真健康。 burst sth with sth
He burst his heart with envy.

他心里充满了嫉妒。

词汇搭配

用作动词 (v.)

～+名词

• burst a balloon 使气球爆破
• burst a blood vessel 血管破裂,很激动
• burst a tire 使轮胎爆破
• burst one's sides with laughing 笑破肚皮
• burst sb's restraint 打破某人的约束

～+副词

• burst free 突然挣脱
• burst appallingly 令人震惊的爆破
• burst fierily 燃烧着爆裂
• burst turbulently 强烈地爆破
• burst away 立即离开
• burst forth 突然出现
• burst in 打破(门等)而入,闯入,突然发话
• burst out 突然开始,逃脱
• burst out crying 突然哭起来

～+介词

• burst at 胀裂
• burst into 闯进,突然开始,爆发成…
• burst into a furious rage 勃然大怒
• burst into flames 突然燃烧起来
• burst into song 纵声歌唱
• burst into tears 大哭起来
• burst out of 冲出…
• burst out of the room 冲出房间
• burst through 穿过…突然出现
• burst upon〔on〕 突然出现
• burst with 充满…,挤满…
• burst with envy 妒火中烧
• burst with pride 傲气十足

用作名词 (n.)

介词+～

• at a burst 一举
• work in sudden bursts 一阵阵猛干

～+介词

• a burst in the water pipes 水管上的裂口
• a burst of anger 勃然大怒
• a burst of applause 一阵掌声
• a burst of blood vessel 血管破裂
• a burst of bombs 炸弹爆炸
• a burst of energy 一股劲
• a burst of firing 一阵射击
• a burst of flame 烈焰迸发
• a burst of heavy rain 突然下起的大雨
• a burst of laughter 一阵大笑
• a burst of machine-gun fire 一阵机关枪声
• a burst of thunder 一阵雷声
• a burst of violence 迸出强烈的感情

词语用法

1. burst out表示“爆发”，一般在其后接动名词，而burst into表示“突然发作”，后面一般接名词；burst into tears同burst out crying均表示“忽然哭出来”，但是前者用法比较普遍。“忽然哭出来”偶尔还可表示成burst out into tears或是burst out into crying；
2. burst into laughter同burst out laughing均表示“忽然笑出来”，但是后者用法比较普遍；
3. burst有时也可表示“充满，装满”，常与介词with连用。

   I am bursting with joy.
   我满心欢喜。

v. (动词)

1. burst的基本含义是“破裂,爆炸”,主要指内部能量突然释放而造成的爆裂或涨破,强调爆破的原因,也指一直受压抑或阻碍的物或事物突然迸发或可能迸发。burst还可表示“猛然用力打开”“挣脱”“突然闯入〔冲出〕〔喊出〕”等。
2. burst可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。用作不及物动词时,可接动词不定式作状语,表示“急于做(某事)”。用作及物动词时可接名词或代词作宾语,偶尔也可接以形容词充当补足语的复合宾语。
3. burst后可跟反身代词,也可不跟,跟反身代词时语气更强烈些。
4. burst接“into+ n .”或“out+ v -ing”可表示“突然进入某种状态”; 接forth可表示“突然发生或开始”。
5. burst是瞬间动词,通常不用于进行体。
6. burst的过去式和过去分词同原形。

n. (名词)

1. burst用作名词的基本意思是“爆炸,破裂”,可指炮弹、炸弹的爆炸,也可指水管、血管的破裂,还可指怒火、热情等的迸发。
2. burst还可作“爆发,突发”解,常指在较短的时间内突然发生一种积极的行为。
3. burst是可数名词,常与不定冠词a连用。a burst of表示“一阵…”。

词义辨析

v. (动词)

burst into, burst out

• burst into和burst out都含有“突然哭〔笑〕”的意思。burst into强调“进入某种状态”,即“哭〔笑〕起来”,而burst out则强调“哭〔笑〕出声来”。burst into后面接名词时居多; burst out后接动名词时居多。例如:
• As soon as she saw her mother,she burst into tears like a child.
• As soon as she saw her mother,she burst out crying like a child.
• 看到母亲,她就像小孩一样地大哭了 起来。

burst, break

• 这两个词均可表示“破裂”。二者区别在于:break一般指外力猛然损坏坚硬的东西; 而burst一般指内部的力量冲破某封闭状态而损坏某物。例如:
• They broke a bomb shell.
• 他们砸碎了一枚弹壳。
• The bomb burst.
• 炸弹爆炸了。

burst, blow up, explode

• 这三个词(组)的共同意思是“炸毁”。其区别是：
• blow up指人炸毁汽车、楼房等物体; explode指炸弹、锅炉、油箱等爆炸; 而burst指气球、轮胎等爆炸。例如:
• The car blew up.轿车被炸毁了。
• When the boiler exploded many people were injured.因锅炉爆炸,许多人受了伤。
• The tyre burst.轮胎爆炸了。

下面各组中短语的意思不同:

• burst into a house 突然闯入房间
• burst upon a house 突然逼近房间
• burst into a room 突然闯入房间
• break into a room 突然破门而入
• rush into a room 匆匆进入房间

break，burst，crack，crush，fracture，shatter，smash

• 这些动词均含“打破、弄碎”之意。
• break常用词，含义广泛，多指猛然用力将坚硬物打破或损坏。
• burst指某物因内部外部压力过大而出现严重破裂、爆开或撑破。
• crack多指因长期使用或经受压力，物体表现呈现裂纹、裂口或破裂、裂开，但一般没成碎片。
• crush指用力把东西压破或使变形。
• fracture比crack的破裂程度更深更严重，常指断裂，医学上指骨折。
• shatter指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。
• smash指突然而猛烈地重击某物，使之破碎或完全变形。

常见错误

v. (动词)

1. 他从学校回来,给我们带来了好多新鲜事。

   误 He raced home from school bursting of news for us.

   正 He raced home from school bursting with news for us.

   析 burst with表示“充满”,此时的with可作“拥有,具有”讲。with不可改用of。

词源解说

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的berstan；最初源自西日耳曼语的brestanan，意为忽然爆裂。

近反义词

【近义词】

• blow up
• erupt
• explode