backward

英 ['bækwəd] 美 ['bækwərd]

• adj. 向后的；落后的
• adv. 向后

双解释义

adj. (形容词)

1. 向后的；朝后的

   directed or moving towards the back; directed towards the back, the beginning, or the past

2. 倒退的；反向的

   moving in a direction that means that no progress is being made

3. 落后的；缓慢的

   having made less progress than normal; developing slowly; late in development

详尽释义

adj. 形容词

1. 向后的，朝后的
2. 落后的，倒退的，返回的
3. 反的，反向的，相反的
4. 畏缩的，犹豫的，迟疑的
5. 怕羞的
6. 迟来的，晚的
7. 倒的
8. 发展迟缓的，进步缓慢的，迟缓的，慢的

adv. 副词

1. 向后，向后地
2. 倒，逆
3. 在恶化
4. 在后，在后方
5. 回向原处
6. 反向地，相反地
7. 向后滑
8. 背向前
9. 退步，由好变坏

n. 名词

1. 策应者
2. 转向后方

英英释义

Adjective:

1. directed or facing toward the back or rear;

   "a backward view"
   

2. (used of temperament or behavior) marked by a retiring nature;

   "a backward lover"
   

3. retarded in intellectual development

4. having made less than normal progress;

   "an economically backward country"
   

Adverb:

1. at or to or toward the back or rear;

   "he moved back"
   "tripped when he stepped backward"
   "she looked rearward out the window of the car"
   

2. in a manner or order or direction the reverse of normal;

   "it's easy to get the `i' and the `e' backward in words like `seize' and `siege'"
   "the child put her jersey on backward"
   

3. in or to or toward a past time;

   "set the clocks back an hour"
   "never look back"
   "lovers of the past looking fondly backward"
   

例句

用作形容词 (adj.)

1. He took a backward step and ran away.
   他向后退了一步,跑了。
2. This part of the country is still backward.
   这个国家的这个地区仍很落后。
3. Although he is clever, he is backward in giving his views.
   他虽然很聪明，却不善发表他的意见。

用作副词 (adv.)

1. He looked backward over his shoulder.
   他回头向后看。
2. He stepped backward and fell over the cliff.
   他向后退了一步就从悬崖上掉下去了。

常见句型

用作形容词 (adj.)

用作定语

～+ n.

1. She gave me a backward glance.
   她回头看了我一眼。
2. She stole a backward glance at him.
   她偷偷回眸瞥了他一眼。
3. She left without a backward glance.
   她走了，没回头看一眼。
4. She left with one last backward glance.
   她向后望了最后一眼便离开了。
5. She strode past him without a backward glance.
   她大步从他身边走过，都没有回头瞧他一眼。
6. He has a backward glance to want to look at that girl.
   他向后一瞥是想看看那个女孩。
7. She took a backward jump.
   她向后跳了一步。
8. He made a backward step.
   他向后倒退了一步。
9. The train began to make a backward movement.
   火车开始向后退。
10. He did a brilliant backward somersault.
    他翻了个漂亮的后翻跟头。
11. It is evident that we are to have a backward season for grain.
    我们今年谷物收割的季节显然会推迟。
12. By cutting expenditure on health care, I feel we are taking a backward step to the bad old days.
    我觉得削减医疗保健开支是一种倒退，会使我们回复到以前的那种糟糕的状态。
13. She felt that going back to live in her home town would be a backward step.
    她觉得回到家乡生活就是没出息。
14. She is a backward pupil.
    她是一个迟钝的学生。　
15. People still think of it as a backward country.
    人们依旧认为这是一个落后的国家。
16. They live in a backward part of the country.
    他们住在这个国家的落后地区。
17. Some backward parts of the country have no electricity.
    这个国家的某些落后的地区没有用上电。
18. They brought new farming methods to the more backward areas.
    他们将新型的耕作方法带到了较落后的地区。

用作表语

S+be+～

1. We are sorry to tell you that your son is backward.
   我们很抱歉告诉你，你的儿子智力迟钝。
2. The equipment is relatively backward.
   设备比较落后。
3. That part of the world is still very backward.
   世界的那一地区仍然非常落后。
4. This part of the country is still backward；there are no railways or motor-roads,and no electricity.
   这个国家的这一地区仍很落后；没有铁路或公路，也没有电力。
5. Winter is backward this year.
   今年冬天来得较迟。
6. The crops are backward this year.
   今年的收获期较晚。
7. He was backward as a child; he was nearby three before he could walk.
   他孩提时代成长缓慢，快三岁才会走路。
8. Come on, Mary. Don't be backward.
   来吧，玛丽，别怕难为情。

S+be+～+ prep. -phrase

1. He was backward at his lessons.
   他功课差。
2. The child is a little backward in her studies.
   这个孩子功课有点落后。
3. Because of his long illness, Tom is backward in his studies.
   因为汤姆长期生病，所以在学习中成绩落后。
4. People are not backward in their appreciation of art.
   人们的艺术鉴赏力并不差。
5. She is never backward in giving her help.
   她给予别人的帮助向来都是及时的。
6. Although he is clever, he is backward in giving his views.
   虽然他聪明， 但不勇于发表自己的看法。
7. He is very clever but rather backward in speaking out his mind.
   他很聪明，却怯于表达自己的思想。

S+be+～+to- v

1. He has been backward to begin his canvass.
   他迟迟不开始游说。
2. They have been backward to begin work on the project.
   他们迟迟不开工。

经典引文

• She had fallen heavily backwards down the stairs.

  出自： S. Hill

常用短语

用作形容词 (adj.)

backward in coming forward

〈非正〉(尤指在表达观点或愿望时)迟疑，畏缩hesitant; reluctant

词汇搭配

用作形容词 (adj.)

～+名词

• backward area 落后的区域
• backward child 迟钝的孩子
• backward country 落后的国家
• backward district 落后地区
• backward glance 向后一看
• backward look 回顾
• backward movement 向后的动作
• backward part 落后地区
• backward process 相反的程序
• backward region 落后地区
• backward season 迟来的季节
• backward student 落后的学生
• backward suitor 羞怯的求婚者
• backward technique 技术落后
• backward movement of the truck 卡车的倒车
• backward fall into the water 仰天跌入水中

副词+～

• intellectually backward 智力差

～+介词

• backward at 在…上差
• backward in 在…方面落后

词语用法

adj. (形容词)

1. backward用作形容词的基本意思是“向后的；朝后的；倒退的；反向的”，引申可表示“(季节)晚了；慢手慢脚的；落后的；迟钝的；迟疑的，羞怯的，畏缩的”。
2. backward作“向后的；朝后的”解时只用在名词前作定语；作“倒退的；反向的”“(季节)晚了；慢手慢脚的；落后的；迟钝的”解时可作表语或定语；作“迟疑的，羞怯的，畏缩的”解时通常只作表语。
3. backward后面接介词in表示“在某方面落后”。
4. backward作“落后的；迟钝的”“羞怯的，畏缩的”解时可用于比较等级，作其他各解时不用于比较等级。
5. 在美式英语中backward可作副词。

词义辨析

back，backward，hind，behind

• 这些词均有“在后，向后”之意。
• back作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
• backward可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
• hind指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
• behind指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。

近反义词

【近义词】

• behind
• dull
• hesitant
• late
• shy
• slow

【反义词】

• advanced
• forward

派生词

adj.(形容词)

• backwardness n. 落后状况