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Estimated Cosmic Radiation Doses for Flight Personnel. 民航飞行人员宇宙辐射受照剂量的估算
The primary cosmic radiation that reaches the earth is minimum at periods of maximum solar activity. 在极大的太阳活动时期，到达地球的初级宇宙辐射是极小值。
Below 60km, ionization is not due to the sun's ultraviolet and x radiation primarily, but to cosmic radiation. 在60公里以下，电离主要不是由于太阳紫外线和X辐射，而是由于宇宙辐射引起的。
Galactic radiation has higher energy and is therefore the dominant component of cosmic radiation. 银河辐射因能量较高,故此是宇宙辐射的支配组分。
Bothe:German physicist. He shared a 1954 Nobel Prize for his research on cosmic radiation. 博思:德国物理学家,因在宇宙辐射方面的研究而获1954年诺贝尔奖。
A method for calculating cosmic radiation dose and dose rate to aircrews in atmosphere is presented in the paper. 本文介绍了一种在大气层中民航飞行高度上宇宙辐射有效剂量率和飞行航程中机组人员所受有效剂量的计算方法。
Objective To calculate individual annual cosmic radiation effective dose for monitored flight personnel. 目的计算被检测飞行人员个人宇宙辐射年均受照有效剂量。
Conclusion The primary factor influencing the neutron dose of cosmic radiation to be considered was fhying altitude. 宇宙辐射中子剂量随飞行高度增高呈指数型增大，随地磁纬度增高呈直线型增大。结论飞行高度是影响航线中子剂量的第一位因素。
The estimated average energy of the particles in the cabin is on the level of Galactic cosmic radiation. 舱内粒子的平均能量很高，主要成分是银河宇宙辐射。
Objective To study a simple method for estimating cosmic radiation effective dose rate for aircrew. 目的探讨一种可用于民航飞行人员宇宙辐射有效剂量率估算的简便算法。
That's because any bacteria that may once have lived on the surface have long since been exterminated by cosmic radiation sleeting through the thin Martian atmosphere. 这是因为早期存在火星表面的细菌可能早就被轻易穿越稀薄的火星大气层的宇宙射线杀死了.
If they happen to hit the earth, the cosmic radiation dose may be significantly increased for a short period from hours to a few days. 如这些粒子撞到地球,宇宙辐照量会暂时上升,此情况可持续数小时至数天。
Objective To estimation cosmic radiation effective dose,to which the flight personnel of different types of work of airline was exposed. [目的 ]计算某航空公司各类飞行人员飞行中受到的宇宙辐射有效剂量。
Objective To evaluate the altitude and latitude dependence of neutron dose of cosmic radiation encountered by aircrew of international airlines. 目的为对民航机组人员飞行中所受宇宙辐射剂量进行全面评估，实测两条国际航线中子剂量并进行分析探讨。
Objective To explore a practicable process to estimate the cosmic radiation exposure doses to aircrews of civil aviation at flying altitude. 目的研究简便可行的民航飞行人员所受宇宙辐射有效剂量的估算工具。
Objective To study the influence of cosmic radiation on the lymphocyte micronucleus of civil aviation pilots and crew members. 目的观察宇宙辐射对民航飞行人员淋巴细胞微核的影响。
The simple method is applicable in estimating cosmic radiation effective dose rate for flight altitude of 7 000 m to 20 000 m. 简便估算法可用于海拔为 70 0 0 2 0 0 0 0m的飞行空间的宇宙辐射有效剂量率估算。
After being exposed to cosmic radiation and zero gravity, some seeds may mutate and produce higher yields and improved quality when planted back on earth, scientists said. 科学家介绍，在宇宙辐射和失重环境下，有些种子可能会发生变异，这些变异种种植到地球上后，能培育出高产优质的新品种。
From time to time, the sun produces bursts of energetic ions and electrons; furthermore, charged particles are a major component of the galactic cosmic radiation that constantly bombards our solar system. 太阳有时会爆发高能的离子与电子；再者，以带电粒子为主成份的银河宇宙射线，也会频频轰击我们的太阳系。
Cosmic radiation is proportional to altitude---the higher the altitude, the intenser the radiation is.And the more radiation one is exposed to, the higher the chance for him/her to get a cancer. 宇宙辐射随着高度增加而增加，离地球越远，受粒子的辐射越强，因此接受这种辐射最多，致癌危险越大。