While South Korean historians think ruling class was of Goguryeo and the commoners were Mohe, North Korean historians think Bohai ethnography was mostly Goguryeo.

• 韩国历史学者认为(渤海国)的统治阶级是高句丽人，而平民则是靺鞨人。朝鲜学者认为渤海国是以高句丽人为主的国家。