Well-docu-mented risk factors included lifting and moving heavy objects, heavy physical load, awkward postures, whole body vibration, static work postures obesity, smoking, and psychological factors.

• 而文献中记载的危险因子主要为搬动及举起重物、费力的工作、不自然的姿势、全身性的震动、长时间静态的姿势、肥胖、抽烟、及心理因素。