Traditional methods still have their shortcomings that overtaking models and car-following models are built up separately and the behavior of the operator could not be revealed goodly.

• 主要体现在,不能统一处理超车和跟车模型以及不能较好地体现司机的行为特性,另外不能通过简洁的计算同时给出任意时刻车辆在道路的纵向和横向上的位置。