To obtain the cells, the patient is first given an injection of a chemical called granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), which stimulates their bone marrow to produce extra stem cells.

• 伦敦大学帝国理工学院的一个小组首先向肝病患者注射粒细胞集落刺激因子（GCSF），诱使其骨髓产生更多的干细胞。