To carry out an effective communication, the language users must be equipped with pragmatic and discourse competence, which is neglected in the teaching and reform.

• 要实现有效交际,语言使用者必须有一定的社会语言能力,信息运载能力和语篇能力,而这些能力的培养和训练在我们的听说教学和教学改革中却被忽略了。