Thus, there had been three market-centers (Osaka, Edo, Tokyo), and Bakufu controlled over all the organizations of commodity circulation in the whole country in later 17century.

• 在此基础上,17世纪后半期,日本出现了以三都(大阪、江户、京都)为中心市场、由幕府支配全国商品流通的幕藩制商品流通机构。