This method is especially suited for getting band edge states in the framework of linear scaling self-consistent density functional or Hartree-Fock theory.

• 我们提出了一个优雅的解决周期体系中均匀电场的办法。与密度矩阵微扰理论结合起来，我们提供了一个计算介电常数的线性标度算法。