They also satisfy the following security requirements: secrecy of losing bids, unforgeability, non-framing, faimess, unlinkability, traceability, verifiability, and non-repudiation.

• 此外，本论文所提出的协定尚可满足未得标价之私密性、不可伪造性、不可陷害性、公平性、无连结性、可追踪性、可验证性及不可否认性等安全需求。