These processes include:oxygen-flame smelting process,the Vanyukov smelting process,sm- elting in a stationary unit with top blowing and smelting in a tilting furnace.

• 这些工艺包括氧焰熔炼工艺、瓦纽科夫熔炼工艺、固定式顶吹炉熔炼工艺和可倾炉熔炼工艺。