The syncretic, dualistic religious philosophy taught by the Persian prophet Manes, combining elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought and opposed by the imperial Roman government, Neo-Platonist philosophers, and orthodox Christians.

• 摩尼教波斯预言家摩尼所宣扬的一种调和信仰的，二元论的宗教哲学，它综合了拜火教、基督教和诺斯替教的成份，反对罗马帝国政权、新柏拉图哲学家和传统基督教