The struggle(1871-1883) between the Roman Catholic Church and the German government under Bismarck for control over school and ecclesiastical appointments and civil marriage.

• 文化斗争为了对学校、教会任命和公证结婚的控制，罗马天主教会和俾斯麦领导的德国政府之间所进行的斗争（1871－1883年）