The starting point of this concept is firstly to limit a witness, and to pay attention to whether or not he has relations with the litigant person when his duty of giving evidence is given to.

• 这一概念着眼点首先在于界定一个证人，并考虑证人是否与当事人有牵连关系，譬如亲属、公务、职务等关系，如若有，予以排除其作证义务。